Mba i (Organizational Behavior)

7/30/2019 Mba i (Organizational Behavior)

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MBA I (ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR)


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Chapter 1

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR


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Meaning of Organization

An Organization is called a group of persons working

together to seek certain goals.


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Two Perspectives of Organization

Micro Perspectives: In Micro perspective the focus of study

is on the individual human being.

Macro Perspective: The Macro view considers organization

as the unit of analysis in place of an individual.


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Meaning of Behavior

The manner in which people behave or respond to the

environment is known as behavior. It means the action or

reaction of people under different circumstances


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Meaning of Organization Behavior

The term Organizational Behavior refers to the behavior

of the people in the organizations.


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Definitions of Organization Behavior

According to Fred Luthans, Organizational Behavior is

directly concerned with the understanding, prediction andcontrol of human behavior in organizations.

According to Newstrom and Davis, Organizational behavior

is the study and application of knowledge about how peopleact within an organization. It is a human tool for human

benefit. It applies broadly to the behavior of the people in all

organizations.


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Nature of OB

Human Behavior in the

organization

Individual-Organization

interaction

The Organization

Environment


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Importance of Organization Behavior

in Business Environment

1. The field of Organization behavior uses scientific research

to help us understand and predict the Organizational life.2. It helps us to influence the Organizational events.

3. It helps an individual understand himself/herself and others

better.

4. It helps the Managers understand the basis of Motivationand what he or she should do to motivate the subordinates

5. It helps us understand the cause of a problem, predict its

course of action and control its consequences


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Role of Organizational Behavior

Understanding the Human Behavior Individual Behavior

Inter-individual behavior

Group behavior

Inter-group behavior

Influencing the human behavior Leadership Motivation

Communication

Organization Change and Development

Organization Climate


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Contributing Disciplines of OB

1. Psychology

2. Sociology3. Anthropology

4. Political Science

5. Economics

6. Science

7. Technology

8. Engineering

9. Medicine


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Challenges and Opportunities For OB

OB ChallengesEthicalBehaviour

Technology

Transformation

Managing

Diversity

Changed

Employee

Expectations

Globalization

Changing

Demographics of

Workforce


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Chapter 2

Foundations of Individual Behavior


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Individual Differences

Intelligence is one characteristic that people bring

with them when they join an organization. In thefoundations of individual behavior, we look at how

individual differences in the form of

Ability (which includes intelligence)

Biographical Characteristics (such as age, gender, race,tenure) affect employee performance & satisfaction.


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Ability

Ability refers to an individuals capacity to perform the various

tasks in a job. It is a current assessment of what one can do.

An individuals overall abilities are essentially made up of two

sets of factors:

Intellectual abilities (thinking, reasoning, problem solving)

Physical abilities (stamina, manual dexterity, strength)


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Biographical characteristics

Age

Gender

Race

Tenure


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Learning

All complex behavior is learned. If we want to explain &

predict behavior, we need to understand how people learn.


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Concept of Learning

Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of

experience.

So we can say that changes in behavior indicate that learning has takenplace & that learning is a change in behavior.

In other words, we suppose that learning has taken place if an individual

behaves, reacts, responds as a result of experience in a manner different

from the way he formerly behaved.

Learning involves change. Change may be good or bad from anorganizational point of view. People can learn unfavorable & favorable

behaviors.

Immediate changes may not represent learning. Some form of experience

is necessary for learning.


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Theories of Learning

Classical

Conditioning

Operant

Conditioning

Learning

CognitiveLearning

Social

Learning


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Theories of Learning

Classical Conditioning is a type of conditioning in which anindividual responds to some stimulus that would not

ordinarily produce such a response. Operant Conditioning is a type of conditioning in which

desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents apunishment. People learn to behave to get something theywant or to avoid something they dont want.

Social learning theory is the view that people can learnthrough observation & direct experience.

Cognitive theory assumes that organism learns the meaningof various objects and events and learned responses

depending on the meaning assigned to stimuli.


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Principles of Learning

Motivation : It is very important in learning becauselearning cant take place without motivation

Reinforcement : It is an attempt to develop or strengthendesirable behavior.

Positive Reinforcement : It is a reward for a desiredbehavior.

Negative Reinforcement : It is also called AvoidanceLearning. It takes place when an individual learn toavoid or escape from unpleasant circumstances. Thus itstrengthens the behavior by terminating undesirableconsequences.


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Principles of Learning

Punishment : It is an attempt to eliminate or weaken an

undesirable behavior. There are two ways to punish a person

one way is to apply a negative consequence and other way isto apply a positive consequence.

Extinction : It is a way to punish an undesirable behavior. It

decreases the frequency of undesirable behavior. It means

weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure that it isnot reinforced. For eg. If rewards are withdrawn for behavior

that were previously reinforced, the behavior will probably

become less frequent.

Mba i (Organizational Behavior)

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