Maya civilization
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Transcript of Maya civilization
![Page 1: Maya civilization](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110121/558fc0ae1a28abd2668b45d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
300-900 A.D.
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Yucatan Peninsula & Central America
Settled in dense rain forests and cleared land for living and farming
Chichén Itzá- Center of Mayan tradeWe don’t know much about Chichén ItzáArcheological evidence suggests collapse was
violent
Largest Mayan city- Tikal (modern day Guatemala)
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Arranged into city-states
Every city-state had a ruling chiefRuling chief usually a man though sometimes
women served
Nobles under the chief led the military, collected taxes, and enforced laws
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Traders – No carts or transportation, carried goods on backTraded honey, cocoa, and feathers
Farming MethodCleared rainforests and created raised fields
that caught rain waterChannels drained excess water
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Polytheistic – Over 160 Gods
God of Death
God of Rain
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Sacrifices took place on top of tall pyramidsSacrifice needed to keep order in the universe
Three planes: underworld, sky, and earthUnderworld reached through caves and ball
courts
No clear concept of good or bad – decided by season
Suicides, sacrifices, women who died in childbirth, and warriors went straight to heaven
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Chief at the topConsidered god-likeMoved on to sons – when sons born,
blood sacrifice of chief’s bloodTo be king, have to take a captive and
use captive as part of ceremonial sacrifice
Ruling nobles
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Priests – important because only they could perform religious ceremonies needed for success in war and good harvests
Majority of Mayas were farmers – grew corn, beans and squashMen cultivated while women made foodPaid taxes in food and helped build templesBeauty standards – skull deformation,
piercings, and tattoos
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Hieroglyphs – just recently deciphered
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Books kept on bark
Ball gamesRubber ball – forbidden to use open
hands or feet – usually used hipsCaptain of losing team or other
members sometimes sacrificed
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MathPriests decided
ceremony timesNumbering
system included zero
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Calendar365 day solar
calendar260 day calendar
based on the orbit of Venus
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Mayan 365 day calendar with 260 day calendar added
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Around 900 A.D., Mayan cities abandoned – don’t know whyFrequent warfare causes Mayans to
abandon homesOverpopulation = over farming =
abandoning homesPeasant revolts from heavy taxing