-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 4 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2011 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Y. Srinivasu, e-mailQ. Which of the following

sentence is correct?

The point has been verifiedduring the audit

The point was verifiedduring the audit

A. The first sentence iscorrect. 2nd sentence: 'The point was verifiedduring the audit'- Here 'was verified' (past sim-ple-passive) refers to a past action at a definitetime. As no time is mentioned, it is wrong.However, if the context indicates a past time,for example, if in a previous sentence, the timeis mentioned, 'the point was verified during theaudit' is also correct. Look at the following:

The audit was conducted yesterday. The pointwas verified during the audit.

I was accompanied by the Dy. Commissioner.

Dy. Commissioner was accompanies by me.

A. The Dy. Commissioner was accompanied byme' is correct, because, as you haveyourself pointed out, the Dy. Commissioner issuperior, according to protocol,Dy. Commissioner was accompanied by me.In such cases, Active Voice is preferable.

I accompanied the Dy. Commissioner.

Uday kumar, e-mailQ. Explain meanings of the following words.

Awesome

A. Awesome = Impressive and at the sametime causing fear = ¶µºßª’,-Ææç-v¶µº- ÷-©†’ éπL-TçîËA rocket soaring into the sky is an awesomesight.

Rocking

A. Rocking = Ü°æ-úøçThe mother is rocking the cradle = Ç ûªLxÜߪ’© Ü°æ¤-ûÓçC.

Bloopers

A. Bloopers = †©’-í∫’-J™ Æœí∫’_-°æ-úË--N-üµ¿çí¬ îËÊÆ §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ (An embarrassing mistake in public)

Piravi

A. Piravi - English ´÷ô é¬ü¿’. ÉC Ö®Ω÷l †’ç*ûÁ©’-í∫’-™éÀ ´*açC. DE Å®Ωnç – '°æ©’-èπ◊-•úÕûÓ¢Áçô-°æúÕ °æE-îË-®·ç--éÓ-´-úøç—

Out standing performance

A. Outstanding performance = î√™« íÌ°æpv°æü¿®Ωz†.Laxman's score of 165 (not out) in the lasttest match was an outstanding performance

Grace period

A. Grace period = í∫úø’´¤ Stunning beauty

A. Stunning beauty = Ǩ¡a®Ωuç íÌLÊ°/ ØÓô-´÷-ô-®√èπ◊çú≈ îËÊÆ/ Å•’s-®Ω-°æ--JîË íÌ°æp Åçü¿ç

Negotiable

A. Negotiable - Ωaèπ◊ O©’çúË/ Ωa-©ûÓ E®Ωg-®·ç-

-éÓí∫LÍíThe salary is negotiable = @ûªçΩa© ü∆y®√ E®Ωg-®·ç--éÓ-´îª’a.

Sizziling beauty

A. Sizzling = ÅÆæ©’ Å®Ωnç ¢ËúÕ-¢Ë-úÕí¬ Ö†o (´çô-鬩èπ◊ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’) sizzling biryani, sizzlingsummer day. Å®·ûË sizzling Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç,ÖûËh-ñ«Eo éπL-TçîË, Å®·ûË ÉC ´·êuçí¬ sexualaffairs èπ◊ ¢√úø’ûª’çö«®Ω’.A sizzling love affair- especially a love affair,not accepted by society (Ææ´÷ï éπô’d-¶«-ôxèπ◊N®Ω’-ü¿l¥-¢Á’i†) sizzling beauty - ÉC ´÷´‚-©’í¬éπ†-°æ-úøE combination.

T. Ram Mohan Rao, KanigiriQ. Explain the difference among the following

words.

Audience/ Spectator.

A. Audience = Peoplewho listen to andwatch a perfor-mance/ speech.

Spectators = peoplewho watch a show.

A movie hasaudience/ spectators whereas a match/magic show/ dance show has spectators.

audience = v¨ûª©’, vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ (NE îª÷ÊÆ¢√®Ω’)spectators = vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’

Match/ Game/ Sports

A. Match = A game competition = véÃúø© §ÚöÃGame = véÃúø/ ÇôSports = véÃúøÅ®·ûË games èπÿ, sports èπÿ ûËú≈ ÖçC.Game - È®çúø’ ïôx ´’üµ¿u ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ïJÍí Çô.

Sport - ´·êuçí¬ °æ®Ω’-í∫’-°æçüÁç ™«çöÀN.áEo ï-ôx®·Ø√ --§ƒ-™Ô_ç-ö«®·. áçûª-´’ç-üÁjØ√§ƒ™Ô_ç-ö«®Ω’. Ornament/ Jewellry

A. Ornament = äéπ Ƕµº-®Ωùç/ †í∫Jewellry = Ƕµº-®Ω-ù«© Ææ ‚£æ«ç- A set ofornaments

Apprise/ Inform

A. Apprise = To tell someone of something

because they have to be told (N´-Jçî√-Lq†¢√∞¡xèπ◊, ïJ-T† N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo îÁ°æpúøç)Inform = To tell someone of something =Ææ´÷î√®√Eo É´y-úøç

I request you/ I am to request you

A. I request you = on my own (Ø√ Åçûªô ØËØË,á´J v§Úü¿s©ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈)I am to request you - (official) = Someonehas ordered me to request you.

Large/ Big/ Broad

A. Large - used when we refer to a thing of

large measurements, Volume, Quantity oramount - a large hall, a large box, a large tin/barrel etc., - °æJ-´÷ùçBig - When we refer to weight, size orvolume - a big book,

a box too heavy to carry - •®Ω’´¤Broad = wide (-¢Á-úø-©p®·--†)

Movie/ cinema/ picture.

A. Movie = a film (-†-*vûªç) Cinema = The hall in which a film/ movie/picture is shown.

(Correct English ™ Cinema = *vûª v°æü¿-®Ωz-†-¨»©/ ÆœE´÷ £æ…©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’. -†-*vûªç é¬ü¿’.The cinema = -†-*-vûª-éπ∞¡) Picture = ¶Ô´’t/-†-*vûªç.

They spent the whole day writing the novel/they were writing the novel during the day.

A. They spent the whole day writing the novel =They were writing the novel throughout theday - without break.

During the day = The whole day, but maynot be continuously

They were talking to one another the wholeday/ They were talking to one another duringthe day.

A. Same as above.

Q. Translate the following into English. Åûª-úÕO’ü¿ Eçü¿ ¢Á÷°œûË Ñ N¢√£æ«ç -Çí∫’-ûª’ç-ü¿E Ç¢Á’Å™« îËÆœçC.

A. She did so thinking that if she slandered himthe marriage might not take place.

A. Krishna Gitarjuna, NidadavoluQ. ---Ææç-v°æ-ü∆-ߪ÷-©-†’ -§ƒ-öÀç-îË éÌçü¿®Ω’ à °æE O’ü¿

¢ÁRxØ√ 'áü¿’®Ω’— îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. Ñ áü¿’®Ω’ ™‰ü∆¨¡èπ◊Ø√Eo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?

A. ¨¡èπ◊†ç = Omen

áü¿’®Ω’ – some one crossing your path

(Å®·ûË cross someone's pathèπ◊ idiomaticmeaning, ûªôÆæn°æúøôç/ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç ÅE èπÿú≈ÖçC)

e.g.: 1) May I cross your path as you start? =؈’ áü¿’®Ω’ ®√´î√a?

2) You cross my path as I start = †’´¤y áü¿’®Ω’ ®√!3) If she crosses our path, no good happens/

we may not succeed = ÇNúø áü¿’®Ω’ ´ÊÆh à°æF ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’.

4) Make some you have a good omen = ´’ç*áü¿’®Ω’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊E ¢Á∞¡Ÿx.

M.Ramaiah, Pedakondapalli

Q. éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ--™éÀ --Å-†’-´-Cç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. Ç¢Á’ •ôd©’ ÇÍ®-Ææ’hçC.A. She is drying up the clothes.

Éçöx Ö†o Ææ´’-Ææu-©†’ B®Ω’-≤ƒh-úøE Éûª-úÕE áéπ\úÕ†’çîÓ °œL-°œç-î√ç.

A. We brought him here with the hope/ hoping

that he would solve the problems here.

Ñ É-©’x -á-´-J-C?NúÕí¬ Ééπ\-úø’çC. A. Whose house is this? It's away from the rest

of the houses

Q. éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-™x -à-C éπÈ®èπ◊d? To their places of work

To their places of works

A. To their places of work - Correct.

To their places of works - Wrong.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 667

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://eenadu.net/Specialpages/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.aspx?qry=spokenenglish

M.SURESAN

Shall I buy that Car?Harish: Shall I meet you tomorrow for the

book? (°æ¤Ææhéπç éÓÆæç Í®°æ¤ E†’o éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓØ√?)

Kamal: Oh, by all means. I'll keep the bookready for you? (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. FéÓÆæç Ç°æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo È®-úŒí¬ Öç-û√†’.)

Harish: How long can I have the book? Whendo you want it back?(Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo ؈’

áçûª-鬩ç Öç-éÓ-´îª’a?´’Sx Fèπ◊ ÅC á°æ¤púø’鬢√L)?Kamal: You can have it,may be, for two or threedays. Can you return itsay, by Monday next?(Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo †’´¤y È®çúø’´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©’ç--éÓ-´îª’a.´îËa ≤Ú´’-¢√-®√-EéÀ É´y-

í∫©¢√?)Harish: Oh yes, that suits me fine. And thank

you very much for letting me have thebook for so long.(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈, ÅEo-®ÓV©èπ◊ -Ç °æ¤-Ææhéπç É*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Thanks.)

Kamal: Oh, not at all. Anyway, I won't beneeding the book till then, because Iwill be out of town for the next fewdays. (°∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. ᙫ-ÈíjØ√ ؈’ ®√¶ßË’È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV©’ Ü®Óx Öçúøôç ™‰ü¿’.)

Harish: I wouldn't trouble you if the book were

available in the market. Even thelibrary hasn't a copy of it. (´÷È®\-ö¸™üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’-†o-ôx-®·ûË E†o-úÕT É•sç-C-°ôd†’.Library ™ èπÿú≈ ü∆E 鬰‘ ™‰ü¿’.)

Kamal: Why the library can't acquire the book,

I can't see. They can write to thepublishers and get some copies of thebook. It is such a useful book and weare not able to get it easily. (™„jv•-KéÀáçü¿’èπ◊ ûÁ°œpç-îª®Ó Ø√éπ®Ωnç é¬ü¿’. v°æ-®Ω-ù-éπ®Ωh©èπ◊ ®√Æœ ûÁ°œpç-îª-´îª’a. î√-™«Ö°æßÁ÷í∫éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æ¤Ææhéπç ÅC. Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬üÌ®Ω-éπ--úøç-™‰ü¿’.)

Harish: I think I'll suggest it to the librarian

tomorrow.(Í®°æ¤ Librarian -- ûÓ îÁ•’-û√†’.)Kamal: By then, (´≤ƒh.)Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù (Conversation) Shall I .... ? ÅØË

v°æ¨¡oûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç Å´¤-ûÓçC éπü∆...I/ we ûÓ shall, questions ™ ´ÊÆh...1) Permission Åúø-í∫-ú≈-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç.

a) Shall I go now? (ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡xØ√?)b) Shall we come tomorrow (¢Ë’ç Í®°æ¤

®√´î√a?)c) When shall we see you again? (´’SxN’´’t™„o-°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´’ç-ö«®Ω’?)

2) Ææ©£æ… ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’èπÿ ¢√úøû√ç? (Advice)

a) Shall I buy that

Car? (Ç é¬®Ω’é̆Ø√?)

b) Shall I put my

daughter in that

school? (´÷ Å´÷t-®·E Ç Ææ÷\™x îËJpç-îªØ√?)c) Shan't we leave

these books here

then?

(Å®·ûË Ñ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©-E-éπ\úø ´ü¿-™Ô-ü¿lç-ö«®√?)d) äéÓ\-≤ƒJ Shall with I and we Åçõ‰ shall I/We

...? offers èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.a) shall I make you some coffee?

= O’èπ◊ 鬰∂‘ °ôdØ√? (offer)

b) Shall we buy you tickets for the Matinee?

(O’èπ◊ Matinee tickets é̆Ø√? – offer.

Å®·ûË í∫´’-Eç-î√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç:Shall I/ We ... ?

informal (´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç Ö†o¢√∞¡xûÓ, -´’-†Ææ´÷†≤ƒn®·- ¢√-J-ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’) permisions/

offers/ advice èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.(í∫´’-Eéπ: Will I/ We ... ?

- Åçõ‰ I/ We ûÓ will ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ questions ûÓ¢√úøç)

FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

May I cross your path?

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 11 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2011 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Paayal Bhatnagar,ManchiriyalQ. Explain about 'Adverbial

Qualification' in Telugu.

A. Verb Å®√nEo ÅCµéπç îËÊÆ´÷ô/ ´÷ô-©†’ adverbialqualification Åçö«®Ω’.

He went home - Éçü¿’™ wentverb; home ÅØËC 'áéπ\-úøèπ◊ ¢Á∞«xúø’?— ÅØË verbÅ®√nEo ÅCµéπç îË≤ÚhçC 鬕öÀd home - adverbialqualification.

Q. Translate the following 'Active voice' sen-tences into 'Passive voice'

Please look into the matter carefully.

A. You are requested to look into the matter.

Lay the basket there.

A. Let the basket be laid by you.

Raise your hands .

A. Let your hands be raised (by you).

I wish for nothing more.

A. Nothing more is wished for by me/ I .

The Police Inspector asked for his name.

A. His name was asked for by the PoliceInspector.

Q. Is the first letter of the Professional wordwritten capital? e.g. Doctor, Actor.

A. Yes.

Q. She does get her house white washed - isthis correct?

A. Correct. 'Does get' is more emphatic than'gets'

Q. Pronunciation/ Pronoun- what is the differ-ence between these two words?

A. Pronunciation - the way in which a word isuttered - äéπ ´÷ô†’ Öîªa ¥-JçîË Nüµ∆†ç.Pronoun- Noun èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ ¢√úË ´÷ô – I, we,he, she, it etc.

Usha Kiranmayi, Adilabad

Q. Which of the following sentence is correct?

He committed suicide by consuming poison

He committed suicide consuming poison.

A. He committed suicide by consuming poison-Correct

'by' here refers to the method of suicide. So'by' is necessary (N≠æç û√T/ A†ôç ´©x ÅØËÅ®Ωnç ®√´-ú≈-EéÀ 'by' Å´-Ææ®Ωç)

Q. "Have/ Has" - †’ û√í∫úøç, A†úøç, -N’çí∫-úøç ÅØËÅ®√n-©ûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´î√a?

A. ¢√úø-´îª’a. I take/ have/ she takes/ has coffeein the mornings and tea in the evenings.(û√í∫-úøç)She has/ we have breakfast at 8 -Break fastîËߪ’úøç

Q. What is the difference between these twosentences?

He is having treatment.

He is having treatment done.

A. He is having... -Wrong here.

He has treatment done here =Åûªúø’ ¢Ájü¿uç îË®·ç--èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’ -Correct.

Q. Yesterday, Tomorrow & Today -adverb, Noun ©’í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√ߪ÷?

A. Yes.

She left this place yesterday.

She will come here tomorrow.

I will complete it today.

These all underlined words are 'Adverbs'here.

Today is/ tomorrow will be/ yesterday wasmy birthday - Nouns.

Q. Little Jack sat in a corner Is The underlinedpart a phrase? And the above sentencesays about the subject Little Jack so is it a

'Predicate'?

A. In a corner - a groupof words without averb, so it's aphrase

Sat in a corner - thepart of the sentencetalking about thesubject Little Jack - So, it is predicate.

U. Srinivasarao, Singarayakonda

Q. 'Å™« Açõ‰-í¬E ¢√úÕéÀ A†o-ô’dç-úøü¿’—, 'Å™« îËÊÆhí¬F îËÆœ-†-ô’dç-úøü¿’— ™«çöÀ expression †’English ™ ᙫ ÅØ√™ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.

A. Unless he eats like that he doesn't feel hehas eaten.

Unless he does like that, he doesn't feel hehas done it.

Q. 'ÉçC-®√-í¬çDµ ü˨»-EéÀ áØÓo v°æüµ∆-†-´’çvA— –

ÉçTx≠ˇ™ ᙫ Åúø-í¬L.A. DEéÀ English™ ÆæÈ®j† ¢√éπuç ™‰ü¿’.

What is the number of MrsGandhi as the PM of India?ÅØÌa.

Pratima, OngoleQ. Clarify the following doubts.

She had been a teacher before she was/she got married.

She had been working as a teacher beforeshe was/ got married.

Is both the sentences give same meaning?

A. Yes, they do.

Once you said that "A clause is a group ofwords with verb." Does a clause havesubject?

A. A clause has a subject in addition to a verb,but, it is easier to pick up the clauses in asentence, by treating a clause of as a groupof words with a verb.

They married their daughter with/ to some-one else- in this sentence which prepositionis used?

A. They married their daughter off to someoneelse - correct.

'They married their daughter... gives wrongmeaning. So they married off their daughterto.. 'is correct'

'The peon rings the bell' - In this sentence -is the group of words from rings the bell ispredicate or clause ? explain.

A. The peon rings the bell - In this sentence,'Rigs the bell' is the predicate as it talksabout the subjects, 'the peon'. As I havepointed out earlier a clause has a subjecttoo. So, 'The peon rings the bell' is a sen-tence because it is a group of words withcomplete meaning. it is also a clausebecause it is a group of words with a subjectand a verb.

What you mean? - Is this sentence has aclause or not.

A. What you mean? - WRONG. 'What do youmean?' is both a sentence and a clause, forthe same reason, as in the case of thesentence, 'The peon rings the bell.'

E. Anil, HyderabadQ. Explain bellow sentences in telugu.

People who say so haven't seen who sup-ported us.

A. Å™« ÅØË¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’´’tLo Ææ´’-Jnç-*-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’/ Å™« ÅØË-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ ´’´’tLo Ææ´’-Jnç-*† ¢√∞¡xí∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.

Not anymore, in my guess.

A. Ééπ ÅC ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’/ Öçúøü¿’. (Ø√ ÅçîªØ√ v°æ鬮Ωç)Who doesn't like to take pictures of exoticplaces and people?

A. ¨¡%çí¬®Ω v°æüË-¨»©, v°æï© ¶Ô´’t-©†’ BÆæ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀá´®Ω’ É≠æd-°æ-úø®Ω’! (v°æA äéπ\-Jéà ÇÆæéÀh Öçô’çCéπü∆! ÅE Å®Ωnç)

Q. Witch one of the following is correct?

Why can't I stick to that I like?

Why I can't stick to that I like?

A. Ø√èπ◊ †*a† ü∆-Eo ØËEç-ûª-éπçõ‰ °ô’d-èπ◊EÖçúøèπÿúøü¿’?Why can't I stick to What I like? -Correct.

(that I like? - correct é¬ü¿’).-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 668

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://eenadu.net/Specialpages/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.aspx?qry=spokenenglish

M.SURESAN

She can sing wellShe can sing well'Can' with I and We in questions (can I/ We ...?)can also be used for informal permissions/requests) -

´’†èπ◊ é¬Ææh ’-´¤çúË ´uèπ◊h© ņ’-´’A §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊/¢√∞¡x†’ Ŷµºu-Jnç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊, can I/ we ... ? ¢√úø-´îª’a.a) Can I wait here until your brother comes? =

O’ ņoߪ’u ´îËa-´-®Ωèπÿ ØËE-éπ\úø ÖçúÌî√a?(Permission)

b) Can we call youagain tomorrowmorning?

(´’Sx Í®°æ¤ Öü¿ßª’ç O’èπ◊phone îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«®√?)(Permission)

c) Can we have yourCar for a day?

(äéπ-®Ó-VéÀ O’ é¬®Ω’´÷éÀ≤ƒh®√?) (Request)

d) Can I have your advice on his matter?

(Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Ææ©£æ… É≤ƒh¢√)-Informal request

You can ... Åçõ‰ you ûÓ can statements ™,informal permission É´y--ú≈-EéÀ ¢√-úø-û√ç.a) You can use my computer.

Go ahead = Ø√ Computer †’ O’®Ω’ ¢√úø’-éÓ-´îª’a(Informal permission - Åçõ‰ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬

°æJîªßª’ç Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ ņ’-´’A É´y-úøç.b) You can repay the money next month = O’®Ω’

´îËa ØÁ©™ Ç úø•’s AJT îÁLxç-îªçúÕ, °ææ®√y-™‰ü¿’.

ņ’-´’A E®√-éπ-Jç-îËç-ü¿’ π◊ πÿú≈ can †’ not ûÓ¢√úø- a.a) You cannot enter the class now = †’´¤y

É°æ¤púø’ class ™éÀ®√´--ú≈EéÀ -O-™‰xü¿’.

b) They cannot stayhere any longer =¢√Rx-éπ\úø ÉçÍé-´÷vûªçÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’-™‰ü¿’

´·êu N≠æߪ’ç: Can,¢Á·ü¿öÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç–≤ƒ´’®√nuEo ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊¢√úøû√ç, (í∫©) ÅØËÅ®ΩnçûÓ.She can sing well = Ç¢Á’ ¶«í¬ §ƒúø-í∫-©ü¿’. °j† ûÁL-°œ† Éûª®Ω Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬-©Fo DEéÀ Åü¿†ç.Look at this sentence: Why the Library can't(cannot) acquire the book, I can't see = LibraryÑ °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo áçü¿’èπ◊ ûÁ°œpç--éÓ-™‰üÓ (can't acquire)I can't see (؈®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o)

FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

I will complete it today

-ØË≠æ-†™¸ éıEq™¸ °∂æ®˝ áúø’u-Íé-≠æØ˛, JÂÆ®˝a,võ„®·Eçí˚ (áØ˛-Æ‘-Ñ-Ç-®˝öÃ) ÂÆçvô™¸ ÉØ˛-Æœd-ô÷uö¸Ç°∂ˇ áúø’u-Íé-≠æ-†™¸ õ„é¬o-©@ (Æ‘â-ÑöÃ) Ææçߪ·-éπhçí¬ñ«Bߪ’ ≤ƒn®·™ E®Ωy-£œ«-Ææ’h†o 'Ç™¸ ÉçúÕߪ÷éπçõ„Æd °∂æ®˝ Ææ÷dúÁçö¸q Åçú˛ öÃ˝q–2011— §∂Òöví∫°∂‘§Úöé éÓÆæç ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h©’ Ç£æ…y-E-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.N´®√©’... 1) Nü∆u-®Ω’n-© π◊Å®Ω|-ûª©’: ÅEo v°æ¶µº’ûªy, v°æ®·-¢Ëô’ §ƒ®∏Ω- »-©©èπ◊îÁçC† Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ §ÚöÙ §ƒ™Ô_-†-´îª’a.´ßª’Ææ’: '´‚ú˛q— (D∑¢’–1), 'Nß’ Åçú˛ Å´®˝á©fKx °‘°æ¤™¸— (D∑¢’ 2) N¶µ«í¬©èπ◊ 12–14 à∞¡x´’üµ¿u Ö†o, 'ØË˝q T°∂ˇd— (D∑¢’ 1), 'v°∂çú˛-≠œ°ˇ—(D∑¢’ 2) N¶µ«í¬©èπ◊ 15–18 à∞¡x ´’üµ¿u Ö†o Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ Å®Ω’|©’. 2) Ö§ƒ-üµ∆u-ߪ·-© π◊Å®Ω|-ûª©’: ÅEo v°æ¶µº’ûªy, v°æ®·-¢Ëô’ §ƒ®∏Ω- »-©©èπ◊îÁçC† Ö§ƒ-üµ∆u-ߪ·©’ §ÚöÙ §ƒ™Ô_-†-´îª’a.Åç ¡ç: úÕ>-ô™¸ §∂Òöví∫°∂‘/ OúÕßÁ÷ é¬çõ„Æd§∂Òö-ví∫°∂‘ D∑¢˛’:[ Ç™-èπ◊ ü¿%¨¡u-®Ω÷-°æ-N’-´yúøç, N≠æߪ’ ¶µ«´-††’®Ω÷§Òç-Cç-îªúøç ûÓ§ƒô’ vÊ°®Ωù«ûªt-éπçí¬, §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»©Nü¿uèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç* v°æßÁ÷-í¬-ûªt-éπçí¬ Öçú≈L.OúÕßÁ÷ D∑¢˛’:§ƒ®∏Ω- »© Nü¿uèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç*† Ææ÷p¥Jh-ü∆-ߪ’éπ¢Á’i†,N†÷ûªo¢Á’i† Å稡¢Á’i Öçú≈L.Nü∆u-£æ« π◊\ îªôdç°j §ÚÆæd®˝ éπçõ„ÆˇdD∑¢˛’: Ö*ûª, E®Ωsçüµ¿ Nü∆u £æ«èπ◊\èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç*Öçú≈L[ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç, ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’©’, ûªLx-ü¿çvúø’©’ îËߪ÷-Lq†

°æE[ §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©©’, Ö§ƒ-üµ∆u-ߪ·© ¶«üµ¿u-ûª©’.EÍ®l-Pç-*† ÂÆjV™ §ÚÆæd-®Ω’†’ éÀçü¿ É*a† *®Ω’-Ø√-´÷èπ◊ °æç°œç-îª-´îª’a. úÕ>-ô™¸ §ÚÆæd-®Ωx†’ ņ’-´’-Aç-îª®Ω’.ŶµºuJn †’ç* í∫J-≠æeçí¬ È®çúø’ áçvöÃ-©†’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ņ’-´’-A-≤ƒh®Ω’.ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h†’ ¢Á¶ -ÂÆjö¸ †’ç* úˆØ -™ú˛ îËÆæ’-éӴa.N´-®√-©èπ◊ ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸ îª÷úø-´îª’a.*®Ω’-Ø√´÷: Contest Co-ordinator, Room no:242, Central Institute of EducationalTechnology, NCERT, Sri Aurobindo marg,NewDelhi- 110016

*´J ûËD: ï†-´J 30. ¢Á¶ -ÂÆjö¸: www.ciet.nic.in

- -§∂Ò-ö-ví∫°∂‘ -§Ú-öÃ-©’-N-ü∆u®Ω’n-©’, -Ö-§ƒ-üµ∆u-ߪ·-©èπ◊

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 18 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2011 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Ram mohan rao, IrsulapuramQ. Explain the difference

between following sen-tences.

They are better than theirparents

A. They are better than theirparents = ¢√∞¡x ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©

éπçõ‰ ¢√∞Ïx ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’– Correct.

They are much better than their parents

A. They are much better than their parents =¢√∞¡x ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©éπçõ‰ ¢√∞¡Ÿx î√™« ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.

They are more better than their parents.

A. They are more better than .......

WRONG - No Meaning.'More', and 'better' are both comparatives.

Using two comparatives side by side is wrong.Q. Leave letter ®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ 'I Could n't attend

class/ the class/ the school/ school Ééπ\úø

'the' ®√ߪ÷Lq† Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´·çü∆? Class teacheréÀ Leave Letter ®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ 'Class' éÀ attend鬙‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’ ÅE, Principal í¬JéÀ Leave letter®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ 'School' éÀ attend 鬙‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’ÅE ®√ߪ÷™«? Explain.

A. I could not attend class - OK. ('Attend theclass' is wrong because, 'class' is what astudent always attends.)Even if you write to the Principal, you canwrite either of the two:... attend class/school.

Mayuri Gupta, BayyaramQ. As we were taking a walk- Åçõ‰ ¢Ë’´·

†úø’Ææ÷h Öçúøí¬ ÅE Å®Ωn´÷? ´’J While were/when we were taking a walk- Åçõ‰ Å®ΩnçàN’öÀ? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

A. As were taking a walk = While we were tak-ing a walk/ when we were taking a walk - allare correct.

Q. ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´÷ ´·çü¿’ †’çîË ¢Á∞«x®Ω’ = They Passedbefore/ by us- àC Correct?

A. They passed by us - correct.

Q. Åûª--úÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω áçûÓ úø•’s Ö†oô’x feel Å´¤ûª÷ÖØ√oúø’ = He Feels as if he had a lot ofmoney - is this correct?

A. Correct.

Q. He did the work himself/ He himself did thework - Ñ È®çúø’ Sentences ´’üµ¿u ¶µ‰ü¿ç àN’öÀ?

A. He himself did the work = He did the workhimself. But 'He did the work himself' better.

Q. Translate the following into Telugu.

He will be getting/ having his house whitewashed.

A. Åûªúø’ ûª† ÉçöÀE ¢Á©x-¢Ë-®·ç--éÓ-¶-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. She did get her clothes washed.

A. Ç¢Á’ ûª† -ü¿’Ææ’h©†’ ÖA-éÀç--éÌçC.

Rekha Pallavi, Tekulapalli.Q. Which one is correct?

She was least worried by the amount ofmoney.

She was least worried about theamount of money

A. Second sentence is correct.

Q. Is Apart from = Not only that ?A. 'Is apart from' is not the same as

'not only that'.'..... is apart from' = is different from/ is inaddition to.

Q. She won the case with the help of Jaggers/she won the case with jaggers help - herewhich one is correct?

A.. If 'Jaggers' is the name of a person, both arecorrect. If 'Jaggers' is a thing (which it isnot), then 'of jaggers' is correct.

Q. Which one is correct? He made him hard work He made him do hard workA. He made him do hard work/ He made him

work hard - Correct.

Y. Gayathri, Asifabad.Q. Give the meanings

for following words.

Biophysicist

A. Biophysicist = Astudent ofBiophysics.

Genome, recombi-nant,

plasminogen.

A. ÉN Scientific terms - 'google' îª÷úøçúÕ. Splice

A. Splice - û√úø’-™E §Úí∫’. TestosteroneA. Testosterone - äéπ hormone Ê°®Ω’. WikiA. Wiki- short from of Wikipedia. Meatspace

A. Meatspace = The World of senses =

¶«Ê£«uçvC-ߪ÷-©ûÓ Çéπ-Rç°æ¤îËÆæ’-èπ◊ØË ¶µ Aéπv°æ°æçîªç. Webinar

A. Webinar = Web ü∆y®√ E®Ωy-£œ«çîËíÓ≠œe

(A seminar on the Web).

Xanthipi

A. Xanthipi = í∫ߪ÷uR ¶µ«®Ωu (¢Ëü∆çASocrates í∫ߪ÷uR ¶µ«®Ωu Ê°®Ω’).

Fauxtography (Pronunciation- §∂Òö-ví∫°∂‘) ¢Á÷Ææ-°æ‹-J-ûª-¢Á’i† ÖüËl- ¡çûÓ Ææ%≠œdçîË üÌçí∫ Photos.

Purlicue

A. Purlicue = 1) îª÷°æ¤-úø’-¢Ë-LéÀ ¶Ôô-†-¢Ë-LéÀ ´’üµ¿uÖçúË ë«S Ææn©ç.2) Handwriting ûÓ ´îËa ´ç°æ¤.3) Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç *´J ¶µ«í∫ç.

Voodoo

A. Voodoo = 1) ´’çvûª, ´÷ߪ÷-ñ«-©çûÓ èπÿúÕ†West Indies ´’ûªç.2) ´÷ߪ’, éπE-éπô’d, Éçvü¿-ñ«©ç, îËûª-•-úÕ-™«ç-öÀN.

Sheabutter

A. Sheabutter = ≠œßª÷ ÅØË îÁô’d †’ç* BÆœ†éÌ´¤y °æü∆®Ωnç.

Chrissake

A. Chrissake = Hurried pronunciation ofChrist's sake = 'My God' ™«çöÀ Üûª-°æü¿ç.

Anthropological

A. Anthropological = ´÷†´ îªJvûª, ÆæçÆæ \%A, Ø√í∫-J-éπ-ûªèπ◊, ¢√öÀ °æJ-ù«- ÷-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†N.

Sirkee

A. Sirkee = éÓéÀ© ñ«A-°æéÀ~.Cuekoo sirkees/ Wood sirkees = NNüµ¿ éÓéÀ©ñ«AéÀ îÁçC† °æèπ~◊©’.

Q. Translate the following into English

ví¬´’ç-™E ÅEo Oüµ¿’™x îÁû√h îÁü∆®Ωç Ê°®Ω’-èπ◊-§Ú-®·çC. ´·®Ω’í∫’ 鬩’- -©Fo EçúÕ-§Ú®· éπç°æ¤-éÌ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®·. üÓ´’© ÖûªpAh Íéçvü¿ç ûªßª÷È®j ¶µºJç-îª-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçC. Åçô’-¢√u-üµ¿’©’ v°æ•™‰ Å -é¬- ¡-´·çC. 鬕öÀd ÅEo Oüµ¿’™x îÁûªh èπ◊çúŒ©†’à®√pô’ îËÆœ, îÁûªh†’ BÊÆ-®·ç* ví¬´’ §ƒJ- ¡Ÿ-ü∆l¥ uEo鬧ƒ-ú≈-Lqç-Cí¬ ví¬´’-°æç-î√-®·-BE éÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç.

A. There is rubbish scatters and dumped/ piledin all streets. All drains are choked. The stink(stinking smell é¬ü¿’) is unbearable. Itbecame a mosquito breeding centre. Thereis every danger of outbreak of epidemics.Therefore the Gram panchayat is requestedto provide garbage bins and have thememptied regularly and thus maintain bettersanitary conditions in the street.

Q. What is difference between Superstition andSentiment, explain.

A. Sentiment is a feeling. Superstition is belief.Sometimes a sentiment is one form ofsuperstition.

Q. éÀçü¿ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-*† idioms and phraseséπÈ®ÍédØ√?

He hit upon a plan to get money from hisfather

A. correct. He made a fuss at work, so all the work

spoiled.A. .... all work was spoiled. I moved earth and heaven to get distinction.A. Correct He tried to take four runs, but it fall flat.A. ...... but his plan fell flat.

A Reader, NirmalQ. What is the difference between following

sentences? I will go to a party tomorrow

I am going to a party tomorrow

A. I will go to party tomorrow- ؈’ Í®°æ¤ partyéÀ¢Á∞«h– Not so definite Åçûª éπ*aûªçí¬ é¬ü¿’.

I am going to a party tomorrow- ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o†’(éπ*aûªçí¬).

Q. éÀçü¿ É*a† ¢√é¬u© Å®√n©’, Ö°æßÁ÷-í¬©’ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. If you work hard, you will pass.

A. †’´¤y éπ≠æd-°æ-úÕûË, pass Å´¤-û√´¤.éπ≠æd-°æúË Å´-鬨¡ç, Pass ÅßË’ Å´-鬨¡ç È®çúø÷ÖØ√o®·.

If you worked hard, you would pass.

A. †’´¤y éπ≠æd °æúø´¤. éπ≠æd°æúÕûË pass Å´¤-û√´¤. é¬FÑ È®çúø÷ v°æÆæ’hûªç ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’.

If you had worked hard, you would havepassed.

A. If you had worked hard, You would have

passed - ÉC í∫ûªç – †’´¤y éπ≠æd-°æ-úÕ-Öçõ‰, pass

Å®· ÖçúË¢√úÕN. È®çúø÷ ï®Ω-í∫™‰ü¿’.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 669

M.SURESAN

I haven't got it yetI haven't got it yetKiran: You should hurry. The train starts at 10,

and you are still here. (†’´¤y ûÌçü¿®Ω °æú≈L. -võ„®·-Ø˛ °æCç-öÀéÀ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ûª’çC, †’Nyçé¬ Ééπ\úËÖØ√o´¤.)

Mithra: I am waiting for themoney and I haven't gotit yet. I should have themoney to travel, youknow. (؈’ úø•’s éÓÆæçîª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o†’, ÅCçé¬ ®√™‰ü¿’.v°æߪ÷-ù«-EéÀ úø•’s -Öç-ú≈L éπü∆?)

kiran: Then you Should take the next trainwhich is two hours later. Are you sure you'llget the money at least by then? (Å®·ûË, †’´¤yÈ®çúø’ í∫çô© ûª®√yûª ´îËa ÉçéÓ È®j--©’ áé¬\L.Å°æpöÀ ´®Ω-ÈéjØ√ F úø•’s ´Ææ’hçü¿ØË †´’téπç Öçü∆?)

Mithra: I Should, if Tarun keeps his word. I amsure he will. He should be on his way now.(ûª®Ω’ù˝ ûª† ´÷ô†’ E©-¶„-ô’d-èπ◊çõ‰, Ø√é¬ úø•’s®√¢√L. Åûªúø’ ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-èπ◊ç-ö«-úøØË Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. Åûªúø’ ü∆J™ Öçú≈-L-°æ¤púø’)

Kiran: Whatever it is, you should not missoffice tomorrow, as there will be an inspec-tion. In fact you should be half an hour ear-lier than usual, to be ready with all therecords. (àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Í®°æ¤ office ´÷vûªç ûª°æp-èπÿúøü¿’ †’´¤y, Inspection Öçúøúøç ´©x. ÅÆæ©’Éçé¬ ´÷´‚-©’-éπçõ‰ Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çüË Öçú≈L,records ÅFo Æœü¿l¥çí¬ Öçîª-ú≈-EéÀ.)

Mithra: Thats right. I should be there, ofcourse. (Å´¤†’. correct, ØË-†-éπ\úø Öçú≈L,éπ*aûªçí¬)Look at the use of "Should" in the conversa-

tion above

''Should" †’ î√™« Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x î√™« Å®√n-©ûÓ¢√úøû√ç. Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™x DE correct Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰, English Correct í¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôçÆæ’©¶µº´’´¤-ûª’çC.Now look at this:

a) You should hurry. †’´¤y ûÌçü¿®Ω °æú≈L. ÉCäéπ®Ω’ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æEE ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓçC éπü∆? Åçõ‰

duty/ obligation †’ ûÁ-L-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ you ûÓshould ¢√úøû√´’†o- ÷ô. DEéÀ ´’®ÓÖü∆-£æ«-®Ωù..

b) You should not miss the office tomorrow =†’´¤y Í®°æ¤ Office ûª°æp-èπÿ-úøü¿’. ÉC èπÿú≈ NCµØËûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. Å®·ûË ÉC îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøE °æE(E≠œü¿l¥ç – Prohibition †’ ûÁLߪ’-ñ‰-Ææ’hçC –Should not.

C) In fact you should be half an hour earlier =ÅÆæ©’ Éçé¬ †’´¤y Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çüË Öçú≈L. ÉCèπÿú≈ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æEØË îÁ•’ûª’çC.

鬕öÀd ´’†ç í∫´’-Eç-î√-LqçC: Should, I, We,you, he, she, it and they ÅEoç-öÀ-ûÓ†÷ NCµE(îËߪ÷-Lq† °æEE), EÊ≠-üµ∆Eo (Prohibition - îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøE °æEE ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-Ææ’hçC.

I Should take the bookto Class = ؈’ class èπ◊°æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo BÆæ’-Èé-∞«xL.

They should pay themoney by next week =´îËa ¢√®√-E-éπ™«x ¢√∞¡Ÿx úø•’sîÁLxç-î√L (NCµí¬).Now look at theseSentences:

He Should be on his way now = Åûªúø’ ü∆J™ÖçúÕ Öçú≈L – ÉC àüÁjØ√ ïJÍí Å´-é¬-¨»Eo(Probability) ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.a) The car looks fine. It should be very expen-

sive = é¬®Ω’ v•£æ…tç-úøçí¬ ÖçC. î√™« êK-üÁjçCÅߪ·çú≈L.

b) They should be worrying a lot about theresult = °∂æL-û√Eo í∫’Jç* ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÇçüÓ-∞¡†îÁçü¿’ûª÷ Öçö«®Ω’.

c) They should be repenting now = É°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx°æ¨»aû√h°æpúø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’.ÉN shouldèπ◊ Ö†o éÌEo Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’.NCµE (´’†ç îËߪ÷-Lq† °æEE) ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊

shouldûÓ §ƒô’, must/ have to/ has to èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.

You should be here by 10 = You must behere by 10 = You have to be here by ten =†’´¤y/ O’J-éπ\úø °æCçöÀéπ™«x Öçú≈L. (He/ she/it™, has to ¢√úøû√ç)

FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

I moved earI moved ear th and heaventh and heaven

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://eenadu.net/Specialpages/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.aspx?qry=spokenenglish

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 25 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2011 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

T. Satyanarayana,VempaduQ. TV Channels ™ over to

studio ÅØË Phrase ûª®Ω’îª÷Nçö«ç. Ééπ\úø over to ÅØËCà Part of speech?

DE Usage í∫’Jç*N´JçîªçúÕ.

A.. Over to studio Åçõ‰ É°æ¤púø’studio (TV Channel ¢√∞¡xC) ¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁ•’-û√®Ω’/ É°æ¤púø’¢√∞¡x-´çûª’ ÅE Å®Ωnç.Q. Parts of speech ™ ´·êuçí¬ ¢ËöÀéÀ Antonyms

Öçö«®·? Prefixes ûÓ à®ΩpúË Antonyms éÀ,Prefixes ™‰èπ◊çú≈ à®ΩpúË Antonyms éÀ à¢Á’iØ√Rule Öçü∆?

A. ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ ÅEo parts of speech éà antonymsÖçö«®·. Å®·ûË °æü∆-©èπ◊ Ö†o ÅEo Å®√n-©èπÿantonyms Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.Å™«çöÀ rule àO’-™‰ü¿’. éÌEo °æü∆© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™,È®çúø’ Nüµ∆-©’-í¬†÷ antonyms à®Ωp-úø-´îª’a.

Å™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x, prefix ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈ ´îËaantonym èπÿ, prefix ûÓ à®ΩpúË antonym èπÿÅ®Ωnç™ Ææy©pûËú≈ ÖçúÌa. e.g: Kind × Unkind(Autonyms forward with a prefix)/ Cruel(antonym formed independently) Cruel,unkind Å®√n-©èπ◊ î√-™« Ææ’Eo-ûª-¢Á’i† ûËú≈ ÖçC.cruel = vèπÿ®Ω-¢Á’i†; unkind = (Åçûª vèπÿ®Ωçé¬èπ◊çú≈) îËߪ÷-Lq-†-¢Ë’©’ îËߪ’E/ ´’†-Ææ’èπ◊ éπ≠ædçéπ-L-Tç-îË.

Q. Be 'Forms' éÀ Root Å®·† Íé´©ç be ûÓ Åçõ‰helping verb ™‰èπ◊çú≈ à®ΩpúË ¢√é¬u-©†’,Ææçü¿®√s¥©†’ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.e.g.: How many of each kind be sold? Ñv°æ¨¡o™ helping verb ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Direct í¬ be soldᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√®Ω’? DEéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

A. ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ Öçúø´¤. äéπ\ Imperative sentence(Çïc©’, éÓJ-éπ©’, Ŷµºu-®Ωn-†©’ ûÁLÊ° sentences)¢√öÀ™ ûª°æp.Be here (Ééπ\úø Öçúø’.)Be kind to poor (Ê°ü¿-©-°æôx ü¿ßª’í¬ Öçúø’.)Be within your limits (F £æ«ü¿’l™x †’´¤y Öçúø’.)

éÌEo ‘that’ clauses ™: ´·êuçí¬ demand,suggest, recommend etc., ™«çöÀ ûª®√yûª ´îËa‘that’ clauses ™.I suggest that you be careful.

She demanded that he be out at once.

We recommend that you be careful aboutyour money.

How many of each kind be sold - ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’ –É™« independent í¬ ¢√úøç.Tell me how many of each kind be sold Åçõ‰°∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’.

Q. Could you lend me your pen?

É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿®√s¥™x Answer: Here you are ÅEÖçô’çC. O’®Ω’ Ééπ\úø ÖØ√o®Ω’ ÅE Å®Ωnç éπü∆!ü∆EéÀ •ü¿’-©’í¬ Here it is ÅØÌî√a? ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.

A. Here you are = BÆæ’éÓçúÕ/ ÉCíÓ– ÉC ¢√úø’éπ(idiom). Åçü¿’-´©x DEéÀ Ç Å®Ωnç ᙫ´*açü¿†ú≈EéÀ 鬮Ωùç Öçúøü¿’. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ èπÿú≈

áü¿’öÀ ¢√∞¡xûÓ '´’†-üË-´‹®Ω’?— Åçö«çéπü∆, 'O’üË-´‹®Ω’?— ÅØ√-Lq-†-îÓô?Å™«Íí ÅC èπÿú≈ ‘Here it is’ ÅE èπÿú≈ņ-´îª’a. ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’.

Q. Phrasal verbs ™ *´®Ω ÖçúË°æü∆©’ up, off ™«çöÀN Preposition í¬ °æEîË≤ƒhߪ÷? ™‰ü∆ Adverb í¬ °æE-îË-≤ƒhߪ÷? àN-üµ¿çí¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’éÓ-´îÓa N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

A. ÅN prepositions 鬴a ™‰ü∆ adverbs 鬴a.Verb followed by a preposition/ adverb †’Phrasal verb Åçö«®Ω’. Phrasal verb ™E Å®√n-Eéà Åçü¿’-™E °æü∆© Å®√n-Eéà à Ææç•çüµ¿çÖçúøü¿’. ÅC English ´÷ûª%-¶µ«-≠æí¬ Ö†o-¢√™‰xÅ®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©’-í∫’-û√®Ω’. ´’†ç Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd/Dictionary ü∆y®√ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫©ç.Phrasal verb is usually a verb followed byprepositions like, ‘in’, ‘on’, etc., or shortadverbs like ‘back’, ‘down’, ‘off’. All these

whether preposi-tions or adverbsare called parti-cles. Adverbs likethe above areAdverbial particles.

Ñ prepositions™‰ü∆ adverbsphrasal verbs™¶µ«í∫-¢Á’i-†-°æ¤púø’, ¢√öÀéÀv°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† function Åçô÷ Öçúøü¿’. ÅNPhrasal verbs ™ ¶µ«í∫ç - ÷-vûª-¢Ë’.

Vijay Singhal, KothagudemQ. If science hadn’t come to help of the detec-

tives in deciphering crimes. These clevercriminals would still be at large. Hereinstead of 'would have been', should havebeen is to be used. Explain.

A. ‘Would have been’ - correct: ‘If’ clause is: If

science hadn’t come to the resume.The verb ‘is’ had come’ - had + pp. Sothe verb in the main clause should be,would/ should/ could/ might havebeen or would/ should/ could/ mighthave + pp.

Q. Which of the following is correct.

He is the leader/ a leader of theclass.

A. Here, 'he is the leader of the class’ is correct.Because a class has only one leader.

Children/ The children are playing.

A. Children/ the children - both are correct,depending on whether you are referring toany group of children or a particular group ofchildren.

e.g: a) Don’t drive into the grounds.Children are playing there.

b) The school has good play grounds - look,the children (of this school) are playingthere.

He isn’t supposed to talk to me in thatmanner/ He shouldn’t talk to me in thatmanner.

A. He isn’t supposed to talk to me in thatmanner = He shouldn’t talk to me in thatmanner.

Vasudevi, LakshmidevipalliQ. Which one of the following is correct?

Group of school/ Groups of school/Group of schools.

A. ‘Group of schools’ and ‘Groups of schools’are correct. ‘Group of schools’ = a number ofschools of one group. ‘Groups of schools =a number of schools belonging to differentgroups. (e.g.: Goutham group of schools,Vignan Group of schools etc.)

Two and two make/ makes four.

A. ‘Two and two make four’ is correct. Becausehere are two subjects, ‘Two’ and ‘two’ joinedby ‘and’. However in usage, ‘Two and twomakes four is also taken as correct. Refer tothe earlier pages of ‘Spoken English’ for themeaning of usage.

Ten marks are given/ is given

A. ‘Ten marks are given’ is correct.

Q. Translate into Telugu.

I got him/ had him new clothes

A. ‘I got him new cloths’ - Åûª--úÕéÀ éÌûªh •ôd©’ûÁî√a†’/ éÌØ√o†’.‘I had him new cloths’ - Wrong. no meaning.

Sasank & Vamsi, NirmalQ. Explain the usage of Though, Although,

Even though

A. Though = Although = Even though.

Q. Ing forms = Present Participle ÉC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?A. éπÈ®Íéd.Q. Imperative, Interrogative, Exclamatory sen-

tence é¬E´EoçöÀF Assertive sentence ÅEîÁ§Òpî√a?

A. îÁ§Òpa.Q. Have you opened the window/

Did you open the window - ÆæÈ®jçC àC?A. Have you opened the window? this refers to

a past action the time of which is not known.

Did you open the window? - This refers to apast action, the time of which is known/clear from the context (Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç) – Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•öÀd, í∫ûªç™ °∂晫Ø√ time ™, 'ûÁJ-î√¢√?— ÅEÅúøí∫-ú≈-EéÀ Did you open....? Åçö«ç.ÅÆæ©’ ûÁJ-î√¢√, ™‰ü∆? ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, ‘have youopened?’ Åçö«ç.

Q. Öûªh®√©’ ®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ éÀçC¢√-öÀ™ àC á°æ¤púø’¢√ú≈™ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.a) I’m glad to write that my marriage will be

held...

b) I’m glad to say .. .. .. .. .. ..

c) I’m glad to tell .. .. .. .. ..

d) I’m glad to inform .. .. .. .. .. ..

A. a) letter ®√ÊÆô°æ¤púø’ – Correct.

b) á´JûÓ-ØÁjØ√ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô°æ¤púø’ – Correct.

c) á´JûÓ-ØÁjØ√ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô°æ¤púø®·ûË, ‘tell’ ûª®√yûªá´JûÓ îÁ•’-ûª’†oC – tell you / him/ them/(somebody) etc., éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ®√¢√L.

d) á´JûÓ-ØÁjØ√ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’/ á´JÈéjØ√®√ÊÆô°æ¤púø’ – inform ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ -á-´y-J-ûÓÅØËC ®√¢√L.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 670

M.SURESAN

He is clever, isn’t he?Salim: This is the book you want, isn’t it?

(ÉüË Fèπ◊ 鬢√Lq† °æ¤Ææhéπç, éπü∆?)Harish: Yes, It wasn’t there this morning, was

it?(Ñ®Ó-V -Ö-ü¿-ߪ’ç ÅC ™„jv•-K™ ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆?)

Salim: No. I saw it in the evening. You need itvery much, don’t you?(™‰ü¿’. Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç îª÷¨»†’. Fèπ◊ ÉCî√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç éπü∆?)

Harish: I do, of course. You have finishedreading it, haven’t you?(Å´¤†’ Eïç-í¬ØË,†’´¤y ÅC îªü¿-´úøç °æ‹®Ωh-®·çCéπü∆?)

Salim: I have, It is notavailable in theshops, is it? Thewhole trouble isbecause of it.(îË »†’. ÉC shop ™ ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? Åçü¿’- ™‰xÑ ¶«üµ¿çû√.)

Harish: Now that I have it, let me make use ofit.

(É°æ¤púø’ Ø√ ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çC 鬕öÀd Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçéÓ-´-a.)

°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™, ‘... isn’t it?, ‘....was it?,‘....don't you? ,’...haven’t you? ‘and’... is it?™«çöÀ *†o *†o v°æ¨¡o©’, ¢√é¬u© *´®Ω ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·éπü∆! ÉN Ç ¢√é¬u™x ¶µ«í¬©’, ¢√ôç-ûªô ÅN ¢√é¬u©’

鬴¤. É™« ¢√é¬u™x ¶µ«í¬©’í¬ ´îËa Questions †’,Question tags Åçö«®Ω’. Å®·ûË ´÷´‚©’Question èπÿ, sentence *´®Ω ´îËa Questiontags èπÿ î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC. É™« sentences ™¶µ«í∫çí¬ ´îËa Ñ Short Questions †’, Questiontags Åçö«ç. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ èπÿú≈ ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ N≠æߪ’çîÁ°œp, *´®Ω éπü∆? Åçô’çö«ç. éπü∆? É™« éπü∆?ÅE Å®Ωnç ´îËa™« ¢√úË Short Questions †’Question tags Åçö«®Ω’. ÉC Conversation ™Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç.

ÅEo sentences èπÿ Questions tags äÍ陫Öçúø´¤. Question tags sentences †’ •öÀd, Åçü¿’-™E Subject, Verb ©èπ◊ ņ’-í∫’-ùçí¬ ´÷®Ω’ûª÷

Öç-ö«®·.He is clever, ...DEéÀ ´’†ç Question tag formîËߪ÷L.1) He is Clever °æéπ\† Comma °úøû√ç.2) Sentence ™E Verb †’ ü∆E °æéπ\† ®√≤ƒhç.

He is Clever, is3) Sentence ™ not ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd Verb °æéπ\† not

®√≤ƒhç, Å®·ûË tag ™ ‘not’ °æ‹Jhí¬ Å†-èπ◊çú≈ n’tÅE ®√ߪ÷L. ü∆E °æéπ\† Subject ‘he’ ®√≤ƒhç.É°æ¤púø’ He is clever, isn’t he? ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.Mrs. Indira Gandhi was the P.M. of IndiaDEéÀ Question tag †’ í∫´’-EÊÆh,

1) Verb ‘was’ 鬕öÀd, Sentence °æéπ\†, comma°öÀd, was ®√≤ƒhç. Mrs. Indira Gandhi was theP.M. of India, was.

2) Sentence™ ‘not’ ™‰ü¿’鬕öÀd wasn’t Åçö«ç.

3) Indira Gandhi éÀ ‘she’®√≤ƒhç.Å°æ¤púø’ Indira Gandhiwas the Prime Ministerof India, wasn’t she? ÅE ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆?

Sentence ¶µ«í∫ç™ not Öçõ‰, Q.Tag ™ not®√ü¿’. He is not tall, is he?

Snehitha is not short, is she?Å®·ûË Verb come, comes ™«çöÀ 1st Doingword, 2nd Doing word ´*a-†-°æ¤úø’ é¬Ææhñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L.They know you - Ééπ\úø verb know = doknow. 鬕öÀd Question tag, do ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºçÅ´¤-ûª’çC.You know him, don’t (not) you?Å™«Íí She sings well ™«çöÀ sentences ™,Verb sings = does sing. 鬕öÀd: She singswell, doesn’t she?Å™«Íí Past tense èπÿú≈, did ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº- ’- ¤-ûª’çC. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Sang= did sing.She sang well, didn’tshe? É™« O’Conversation ™Practise îËÆœ O’Functional English≤ƒ´’-®√nuEo °ç-éÓçúÕ.

FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://eenadu.net/Specialpages/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.aspx?qry=spokenenglish

Be kind to poor Be kind to poor