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Lesson 7 locomotion.notebook
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May 16, 2018
May 2711:23 AM
Aim: What is the purpose and structure of the skeletal system?
Hw complete worksheet distributed in class.
1. Correct hw.
2. Notes on Purpose and structure of
skeletal system.
3.
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2. The Locomotive system purpose: Allows organisms to escape from predators and find food. Skeletons protect organs and give shape to organisms. In vertebrates It is composed of an internal skeleton (bones), cartilage, Joints, ligaments, tendons and muscles .
1. Review: Go over worksheet.
Lesson 7 locomotion.notebook
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May 16, 2018
May 2711:36 AM
Structure of Locomotive system in vertebrates: (pg. 921928)
1. Bones are networks of cells and protein fibers surrounded by calcium salts. Within
bones is bone marrow.
Bone function: •form the endoskeleton to support the body, •protect internal organs, •allow movement, •store minerals and •are the site for blood cell formation.
The skeleton of a new born baby is made of cartilage. It does not contain blood vessels. (Seven months latter the process of ossification starts.)
Just so you know human body has 206 bones about 26 in each foot . About 639 skeletal muscles.
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2 . Joints: Place where two bones meet. Classified as: Immovable (like the ones in the skull)Slightly movable (between vertebrae)Freely movable permit movement in one or more directions. (Wrist, ankle)
Lesson 7 locomotion.notebook
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3. Ligaments: attach 2 adjacent bones.
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4. Tendons: Tissue that attaches muscles to bones
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May 16, 2018
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• 5. Muscles: Tissue that contracts (due to elastic proteins in their cell membrane) There are three types of muscular tissue:
Skeletal muscle: Striated fibers attached to bones by tendons. Pulls bones in opposite directions (flexor and extensor muscles)Smooth muscle involuntary contraction except the bladder (i.e. blood vessel, intestines,etc)
Cardiac muscle found in the heart only.
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Lesson 7 locomotion.notebook
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May 16, 2018
May 2111:19 AM
Disorders of the Locomotive system and comparison of locomotion in different animals
1. Fractures:Or broken bones. Can be
open fracturethe bone sticks out of the skin or closed fracture the bone stays under the skin.
2. Sprains: Tearing or stretching of the ligament caused by a sudden pull or twist. Swelling might make motion of the joint painful and restricted.
3. Hernias:Bulging in the wall of a muscular organ due to weakness in the muscle.
4. ArthritisInflammation of the joints making them stiff.
Osteoarthritis caused by the wear an tear of the cartilage at the jointsRheumatoid arthritis Joints become so stiff that cause deformation of the normal position of
the bonesCortisone is a medication used to treat it.
5. TendonitisAn inflammation of the tendon at the bone junctioncaused by extensive use.
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http://www.discoveryeducation.com/
Lesson 7 locomotion.notebook
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Organism Organs /structures Type of locomotion
Protozoans Unicellular animals
Ameba (pseudopods)
Paramecium (cillia) Euglena (flagellum)
Cytoplasmic (amoeba) Swimming drifting(ciliated and flagelated)
Hydra (cnidarians)Cells interacting with hydrostatic pressure.
They are sessile, but contract and move tentacles to trap food.
Round worms Seatae, muscles see fig. 2716 pg 697
Muscles contract and expand, they interact with setae to burrow.
Insects
Muscles controlled by nervous system interact with exoskeleton (chitin)See figure on pg 718
• Can fly or walk• At each joint different muscles either flex (bend) or extend (straighten) the joint.
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