May 17, 2009MeeNet, Thailand

Solar, wind: technology, cost, potential, applications

Palang Thai

Solar PV

Costs: Grid-connected:

$3,000 to $6,000 per kW for grid-connected projects, (LCLT Common Ground is coming in at $6 for 36 kW) $0.15/kWh to $0.22/kWh (98% fixed cost) for grid-connected

Off-grid Typically $8,000 to $10,000 per kW $0.25 to $0.45 per kWh (competitive with diesel)

Industry trend: 70% growth in 2008. Over 40% average over past decade Potential: 14 km x 14 km enough to meet Thai peak load Capacity factor: 0.15 Issues: expensive, intermittent

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) -- costs

$3,000/kW to $6,000/kW (depending on system size) $0.15/kW to $0.22/kWh in 2005 for 10 MW plant in Phoenix,

Arizona, USA in 2005.

13.7 km

Solar

0.037% of Thailand area 100% peak load

(22,586 MW)

TESCO Lotus, Rama I,460 kWp, Cost: 75,165,000 baht

13.7 km

3 kW: 660,000 baht

How solar photovoltaics (PV) works

Solar photovoltaics

fastest growing power generation technology, with a 70 percent increase in existing capacity worldwide to reach 13 GW in 2008. www.REN21.net

Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

Capacity factor: 0.15 Power production coincident with peak (air-conditioning) load

Thai government solar home program

203,000 solar home systems>20% failure rate within first year in Tak

Wind• Costs:

– Grid-connected:• EURO 1300 per kW for grid-connected projects,

• $0.09/kWh for large (80 to 200 MW installation)

– Off-grid• Comparable with solar PV

• Industry trend: 29% growth in 2008.• Potential: not great in SE Asia (but OK in Vietnam). China

excellent, especially north• Capacity factor: 0.15• Issues: expensive, intermittent. Some concerned about

bird kills, but is tiny fraction of kill from power lines, other power plants

Wind -- Costs

$0.09/kWh for 80 to 200 MW wind power plant in Washington State, USA. (Source: Energy Northwest)

installed cost averaged €1,300 per kilowatt in 2007 (source: www.gwec.net)

Wind energy potential world-wide

SE Asia low compared to much of the world

Wind -- resource

Thai wind potential: 1600 MW (?)

Wind - capacity factor

installed capacity mean powercapacity

factor

  MWe MWe  

Morocco Amogdoul wind farm [2] 60 23 38.1%

U.S. (total) [3] (a) 6740 1941 28.8%

U.K. (off-shore) [4] (b) 304 74 28.7%

U.K. (on-shore) [4] 1651 408 27.2%

Denmark (total) [2] [6] (c) 3128 755 24.1%

Spain (total) [2] 11615 2534 21.8%

Portugal (total) [2] [7] (d) 1022 202 19.8%

Netherlands (total) [2] [8] (e) 1219 236 19.3%

Germany (total) [5] 20622 3482 16.9%

India (total) [2] [9] (f) 4430 704 15.9%

Italy (total) [2] [10] (g) 1718 268 15.6%

Poland (total) [2] 153 22 14.6%

France (total) [2] [11] (h) 757 109 14.5%

World (total) [2] [12] (i) 59051 11559 19.6%

Source: http://lightbucket.wordpress.com/2008/03/13/the-capacity-factor-of-wind-power/

28.5 GW = Thailand’s

peak load in 2007

•Installed in Thailand: 1 MW

Source: www.ren21.net

Source: www.ren21.net

Windpower – top 10 countries 2008

Wind energy – human scale

17.7 baht/kWh

8,200 baht

http://natee2007.thaiza.com

Thai wind pioneers build

wind power themselves.