Maximizing Wheat Yield with Precision Planting and ... Crop Summit_Singh...Precision Planter 5...
Transcript of Maximizing Wheat Yield with Precision Planting and ... Crop Summit_Singh...Precision Planter 5...
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Maximizing Wheat Yield with Precision Planting and Agronomic Management
Maninder “Manni” SinghKalvin Canfield
Dennis PenningtonDept. of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, MSU
[email protected]; agronomy.msu.edu
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~1 bu/ac/yr
~0.4 bu/ac/yr
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Wheat Yield Potential
YP = LI x RUE x HI
YP = Yield potential
LI = Light Interception
RUE = Radiation Use Efficiency
HI = Harvest Index
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Wheat Yield Potential
➢Goal: Design a canopy structure that maximizes:
▪ Light interception
▪ Radiation Use Efficiency
➢Components:
▪ Stand establishment (seed placement)
▪ Seed spacing
▪ Seeding depth
▪ Row spacing
▪ Seed-seed spacing (seeding rates)
▪ Variety selection (leaf angle/tillering)
▪ Planting time
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Canopy Light Interception
Truong et al. Genetics 2015;201:1229-1238
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Why Look at Planting Technology???
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Wheat Seed Placement
Conventional drill with rotating gear that “spills” seed into the drop tube.
Precision planter with vacuum that picks up individual seeds and drops one seed at a time down the drop tube.
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Uniform Seed Placement
• Variable planting depth
• Skips and doubles
• Uniform planting depth
• Uniform seed to seed
spacing (singulation)
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Source: Peter Johnson(59˚F day, 41˚F night)
Target: Uniform Emergence
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Target: Seed to Seed spacing (Singulation)
▪ More uniform placing of plants within row (less gaps)
▪ More uniform number of tillers/plant (4-5)
▪ More uniform planting = more uniform head emergence (better head scab control?)
▪ Are we there yet??
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1 million seeds/acre
1.3 in/seed0.8 in/seed
Seed drill7.5’’ Row Spacing
Seed to Seed Spacing (Singulation)
Precision Planter7.5’’ Row Spacing
Precision Planter5’’ Row Spacing
0.6 in/seed0.4 in/seed
2 million seeds/acre
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Uniform Seed Placement
Farm Show Magazine (2007), 31 (5), pp17
➢Uniform spatial distribution can lead to increased resources use efficiency and improved plant health (above and below ground)
➢ Less variability in crop phenological development- ideal for management decisions
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Project Objectives
▪ Compare seed placement accuracy of conventional drill to available precision planting technology
▪ Determine the optimum row spacing and population in wheat planted with precision planter
▪ Quantify the response to seeding density in wheat varieties with differing growth habits
▪ Evaluate optimum seeding rate and variety selection under wide row wheat planting
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Methods➢Trial locations:
➢ Mason (MSU Mason farm, Lansing, MI)
➢ SVREC (Frankenmuth, MI)
➢ 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20
➢Split plot design, 4 replications➢ Main plots:
➢Row spacing using precision planter (5’’, 7.5’’, 10’’, 15’’)
➢Seed drill (7.5’’)
➢ Sub plots: Plant population (4)- 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 million seeds/acre
➢N - 90 lbs/A at greenup; 30 lbs/A- F7; Herbicide (end April); Quilt Xcel- F9; Prosaro- F10.5.1
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Variables Measured▪ Stand count
▪ Seed placement▪ Seeding depth
▪ Seed-to-seed spacing
▪ Canopy light interception▪ Canopy closure
▪ Leaf area index (LAI)
▪ Harvest:▪ Grain yield (13.5% moisture)
▪ Moisture content
▪ Test weight
▪ Yield components:▪ Spikes per unit area
▪ Kernels per spike
▪ Thousand kernel weight (TKW)
▪ Total biomass and harvest index
5’’ spacing 7.5’’ spacing
10’’ spacing 15’’ spacing
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Variability in Seed Placement
➢Planter reduced Coeff. of Variation of seeding depth by an
average of 59% across all treatments
➢Planter reduced Coeff. of Variation of seed to seed spacing
by an average of 17% across all treatments
P<0.0001
A
B
P=0.0002
A
B
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Seed Singulation
AB
AB
AB
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Yield- Drill vs Planter
➢Planter had 9 bu/ac (9%) greater yield than drill in 7.5’’ spacing
➢Stand improved by 24% in planter vs drill
P=0.009
AB A
B
P=0.009
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Yield Components
P=0.13
A
P=0.001
AB
P=0.29
AAA
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1 million seeds per
acre
15 inch row spacing 5 inch row spacing
0.5 million
seeds per acre
0.8 in/seed 1.7 in/seed 2.5 in/seed
0.4 in/seed 0.8 in/seed 1.3 in/seed
2 million seeds per
acre
0.2 in/seed
7.5 inch row spacing
0.4 in/seed 0.6 in/seed
Seed to Seed spacing
1.2 in/seed
0.6 in/seed
10 inch row spacing
0.3 in/seed
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Percent Stand
AA
AA
A A
A A AA A
AA
BBC
C
A
BB
B
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Light Interception
P=0.003
P=0.008
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Yield (Mason 2019)
cdef
bcab
a
fg
defdef
bcdecdef
defg
bcdeabcd
def
defg
cdefdefg
g
fg
efg efg
Planting: Oct 24
A B BC D C
County average yield: 81 bu/a
P=0.034
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Yield (Mason 2019)Planting: Oct 24
County average yield: 81 bu/a
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Yield (SVREC 2019) Planting: Oct 9
A
BCAB
D
CD
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Yield Components
19.2” on 7.5” row spacing = 1 square foot
Source: Dennis Pennington, MSU
Location Heads/ft2 Kernels/head TKW (g)
UK (168 bu/a) 45 50 50
Ontario (119 bu/a) 65 35 35
Michigan (80 bu/a) 60 30 30
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Yield Components
P<0.001
AA AB B
B
A
AB
P=0.003
BBC C
ABC ABC
P<0.001
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Yield Components
19.2” on 7.5” row spacing = 1 square foot
Location Heads/ft2 Kernels/head TKW (g)
UK (168 bu/a) 45 50 50
Ontario (119 bu/a) 65 35 35
Michigan (80 bu/a) 60 30 30
Target 60-70 35-40 35-40
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Tiller Management
➢First order tillers (4-5)
➢NO second order tillers
➢Fall v Spring tillers
➢Optimize seed-to-seed spacing
➢Use of PGRs?
From Dr. George Schurnbager, N.U. Agrar University, Germany
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Heads per plant
P=0.0003
A
B
C
C
A
AB
AB
C
A
B
BC
C
AAB
ABB
A
B
C
C
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Harvest Index
P=0.002
B
AA AB
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Row Spacing vs Yield
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Row Spacing vs Yield
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Row Spacing vs Yield
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Ongoing/Future work?
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Where headed?
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1 million seeds/acre
1.3 in/seed0.8 in/seed
Seed drill7.5’’ Row Spacing
Precision Planting-current and Future?
Precision Planter7.5’’ Row Spacing
Precision Planter5’’ Row Spacing
Future?Robotics
0.6 in/seed0.4 in/seed0.4 in/seed
2 million seeds/acre
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Thanks!
Questions?
Manni Singh
517-775-8174
agronomy.msu.edu
▪ Bill Widdicombe
▪ Chris Difonzo
▪ Eric Olson
▪ Samuel Martin
▪ Katlin Fusilier
▪ Harkirat Kaur
▪ Tom Siler
▪ Kelly Ish
▪ Madeline Yaek
▪ Lucas Para