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![Page 1: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities
Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute
Moving Forward with Assessment, 2015 Regional CC Assessment Conference
© Johnson County Community College 2015. All rights reserved.
![Page 2: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Maximizing Resources Website
www.MaximizingResources.org
![Page 4: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Activity Based Costing: What is it?• Maximizing Resources for Student
Success: – An introduction to the project.– Instructional Activities
• Assessment and Grading as an Activity• Conclusions: Need for changing the way
we manage higher education.
Session Outline
![Page 5: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Activity-Based Costing
An analytical framework for better information
![Page 6: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ABC Costing
Allows colleges to:– Target cost reductions to specific
activities– Calculate the effect of innovations and
theircost structure
– Reward effective and efficient departments
– Provide incentives for inefficient departmentsto improve
![Page 7: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Without knowing the cost of educational activities, there is no way to improve productivity in a systematic and sustainable manner.
Maria Anguiano
Vice Chancellor of Planning and Budget
UC Riverside
“
“
![Page 8: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Activity-Based Costing Framework
Activity-based costing:– A costing methodology that identifies
activities in an organization– Assigns all related costs to activities– Relates the cost to cost driver– Direct costs roll-up, they are not
allocated down
![Page 9: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Activity-Based Costing Framework
• ABC systems focus on the work activities of people and the associated costs
• ABC recognizes the equipment and materials required to provide each service or accomplish each activity
• ABC includes the space and costs of that space that is required to provide an activity
![Page 10: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Example: Activity-Based Costing Framework
Activity
Teaching
Advising
Grading
Salaries and benefits
Classroom / office spaces
Materials
Etc.
Cost driverCosts
# of students
% of
Costs for teaching
# of students
Cost of activity per student
![Page 11: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Implementing ABC
• Activity based costing changes ” the rules of the game”
• You will find surprises
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Maximizing Resources for Student Success
Changing Higher Education Cost & Outcomes Management
![Page 13: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Perfect Timing
• Grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to research costs
• JCCC participated in pilot study, Maximizing Resources for Student Success
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Maximizing Resources For Student Success
• National fiscal benchmark project for community colleges
• Teaches how to implement a simplified version of ABC
• Pilot study completed in fall 2013• All data shared here is from the pilot• 19 community colleges used in the
analysis
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Project Partners
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Developed by National Advisory Board
• Broome Community College, NY• California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office, CA• Chandler-Gilbert Community College, AZ• College of Southern Nevada, NV• Florida Keys Community College, FL• Johnson County Community College, KS• Lone Star College System, TX• Metropolitan Community College, MO• Montcalm Community College, MI• Normandale Community College, MN• Ozarks Technical Community College, MO• St. Charles Community College, MO• State University System of Florida, Board of Governors, FL• Tallahassee Community College, FL• University of Hawaii Community Colleges, HI
![Page 17: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tremendous Amount of Useful Data
• Minimal data collection burden• Members can be on the leading edge
of this new trend• IR offices can provide key financial
metrics to their executive leadership • Gives you the ability to look at costs
and outcomes and tie them together
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Project Deliverables
• National Reports• Peer
Comparisons
• Institutional Report
• ABC Guide
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Activities
Instruction Student Services• Admissions• Recruitment• Advising• Counseling• Career Services• Financial Aid• Registrar / Student Records• Tutoring• Testing Services• Co-curricular Activities• Veterans Services• Disability Services
• Program Development• Course Development• Teaching• Faculty Tutoring• Faculty Advising• Academic Service• Assessment and Grading• Professional Development
Academic Support• Instructional Technology
Support• Library Services• Experiential Education
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ABC: Managerial Assessment
Enlist deans or heads of divisions:Report the percentage of time faculty spend on instructional activities, such as teaching, grading, course development
– Salaries and Benefits– Full Time Equivalent Faculty
Executive, Clerical and Professional Staff
Non-Labor Operating Costs• Not including facilities and capital costs
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Time spent on instructional activities
Other
Tutoring
Program Development
Academic Service
Advising
Course Development
Assessment and Grading
Teaching
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
0%
3%
4%
5%
5%
7%
15%
60%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1%
2%
10%
80%
How do faculty spend their time?
Part-time
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Instructional Costs
Cost of Instructional Activities
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$40 $47 $71 $72 $113
$267
$1,146
The Cost of Instructional Activities Per Student
Medians
Fa
culty
Sa
lary
& B
en
efit
s C
ost
s
Includes both Full and Part Time FacultyPer IPEDS Fall Enrollment
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Assessment and Grading as an Instructional Activity
Costs and impact on outcomes.
![Page 24: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Definition used in study.
• Assessing prior and current learning; developing and selecting assessment methodologies; evaluating student assignments and performance to award course credit, and contributing to broader assessment of student learning outcomes.
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Advisory committee did it
Why did we combineGrading and Assessment?• Educational assessment, the process of documenting
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and beliefs• Grading (education), a teacher's evaluation of a student's
performance in class
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S Median0
10
20
30
40
50
60
5
37
15
3
50
10
% of Time Spent on Assessment and Grad-ing
Full-Time Faculty Part-Time Faculty
College Code
% o
f Tim
e S
pe
nt
![Page 27: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S Median$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
$132$112
$221
$503
$261
$319$317$269
$133
$415
$265
$187
$673
$618
$35
$682
$145
$689
$267
The Cost of Assessment and Grading Per Student
Full-Time FacultyPart-Time Faculty
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Instructional Activities with Student Success
$0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 $7000%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Assessment and Grading and Completion/Transfer Rates
$ Spent on Assessment and Grading Per Student
% o
f Ful
l-Tim
e S
tude
nts
Com
plet
ed a
nd T
rans
ferr
ed in
3 Y
ears
![Page 29: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cost of Assessment and Grading had a positive impact on:
• 3 Year Graduation and Transfer Rates
• Fall to Next Term Persistence Rates
• Fall to Fall Persistence Rates
• Means that colleges that spent more per student on assessment and grading had higher rates of the following:
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Institution Report: 2015 Study
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Institution Report: 2015 Study
![Page 32: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Institution Report: 2015 Study
![Page 33: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Institution Report: 2015 Study
![Page 34: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
© Johnson County Community College 2014. All rights reserved.
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Conclusions
• Assessment and Grading is one of the more expensive components of instructional activity
• Faculty spend more time on Assessment and Grading than any other instructional activity, except teaching
• Spending time (and thus money) on assessment and grading can have an impact on student success
![Page 36: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Conclusions
• Colleges need data to establish relationship between costs and student outcomes
• ABC moves colleges from budgeting to strategic finance
• Relatively easy to implement a barebones version of ABC
• Benchmarking provides– Information on the cost / quality relationship– Opportunities to increase efficiencies– The ability to spend funds on activities that have
the greatest impact on student success
![Page 37: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Learn More about Benchmarking and Best Practices
JCCC.edu/Benchmark
![Page 38: Maximizing Resources for Student Success: Focus on Assessment and Grading Activities Dr. Lou Guthrie| Director National Higher Education Benchmarking Institute.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d165503460f949ec1ea/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
© Johnson County Community College 2014. All rights reserved.
Contact Information
Lou [email protected] | @LouAGuthrie
www.JCCC.eduwww.MaximizingResources.org
@EdBenchmark