MAX18 28V Internal Switch Step-Up DC-DC Conerter Description The MAX618 CMOS, PWM, step-up DC-DC...
Transcript of MAX18 28V Internal Switch Step-Up DC-DC Conerter Description The MAX618 CMOS, PWM, step-up DC-DC...
General DescriptionThe MAX618 CMOS, PWM, step-up DC-DC converter generates output voltages up to 28V and accepts inputs from +3V to +28V. An internal 2A, 0.3Ω switch eliminates the need for external power MOSFETs while supplying output currents up to 500mA or more. A PWM control scheme combined with Idle Mode™ operation at light loads minimizes noise and ripple while maximizing effi-ciency over a wide load range. No-load operating current is 500μA, which allows efficiency up to 93%.A fast 250kHz switching frequency allows the use of small surface-mount inductors and capacitors. A shut-down mode extends battery life when the device is not in use. Adaptive slope compensation allows the MAX618 to accommodate a wide range of input and output voltages with a simple, single compensation capacitor.The MAX618 is available in a thermally enhanced 16-pin QSOP package that is the same size as an industry-standard 8-pin SO but dissipates up to 1W. An evaluation kit (MAX618EVKIT) is available to help speed designs.
Applications Industrial +24V and +28V Systems LCD Displays Palmtop Computers
Features Adjustable Output Voltage Up to +28V Up to 93% Efficiency Wide Input Voltage Range (+3V to +28V) Up to 500mA Output Current at +12V 500μA Quiescent Supply Current 3μA Shutdown Current 250kHz Switching Frequency Small 1W, 16-Pin QSOP Package
Idle Mode is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGEMAX618EEE+ -40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP
PGND
LX
FBVL
VOUTUP TO28V
COMP
IN
SHDN
GND
VIN3V TO
28V MAX618
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
GND GND
PGND
PGND
PGND
GND
VL
IN
GND
TOP VIEW
MAX618
QSOP
LX
LX
COMP
LX
SHDN
FB
GND
+
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
19-1462; Rev 2; 4/15
Typical Application Circuit
Pin Configuration
Ordering Information
EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
IN to GND ...............................................................-0.3V to +30VLX to GND ..............................................................-0.3V to +30VVL to GND ................................................................-0.3V to +6VSHDN, COMP, FB to GND ............................-0.3V to (VL + 0.3V)PGND to GND.....................................................................±0.3V
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) (Note 1) 16-Pin QSOP (derate 15mW/°C above +70°C)...................1W
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°CJunction Temperature......................................................+150°CStorage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°CSoldering Temperature (reflow) .......................................+260°C
(VIN = +6V, PGND = GND, CVL = 4.7μF, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITSInput Voltage VIN 3 28 V
Supply Current, No Load IIN VIN = 3V to 28V, VFB = 1.6V, SHDN = VL 500 700 µA
Supply Current, Full Load, VL Connected to IN IIN
V IN = 3V to 5.5V, VFB = 1.4V, SHDN = VL = IN
5 6.5 mA
Supply Current, Full Load IINVIN = 3.4V to 28V, VFB = 1.4V, SHDN = VL, VVL < VIN
2.5 3.5 mA
Shutdown Supply Current IIN VIN = 28V, VFB = 1.6V, SHDN = GND 3 8 µA
VL Output Voltage VVL VIN = 3.5V or 28V, no load 2.9 3.05 3.2 V
VL Load Regulation DVVL ILOAD = 0 to 2mA, VFB = 1.6V 25 40 mV
VL Undervoltage Lockout Rising edge, 1% hysteresis 2.58 2.7 2.8 V
FB Set Voltage VFB 1.47 1.5 1.53 V
FB Input Bias Current IFB VFB = 1.6V 1 50 nA
Line Regulation DVOUT VIN = 3V to 6V,VOUT = 12V 0.01 0.08 %/V
Load Regulation DVOUT VOUT = 12V, ILOAD = 10mA to 500mA 0.2 %
LX Voltage VLX 28 V
LX Switch Current Limit ILXON PWM mode 1.7 2.2 2.7 A
Idle Mode Current Limit Threshold 0.25 0.35 0.45 A
LX On-Resistance RLXON 0.3 0.6 Ω
LX Leakage Current ILXOFF VLX = 28V 0.02 10 µA
COMP Maximum Output Current ICOMP FB = GND 100 200 µA
COMP Voltage to Switch Current Transconductance DFB = 0.1V 0.8 1 mmho
SHDN Input Logic Low VIL 0.8 V
SHDN Input Logic High VIH 2.0 V
Shutdown Input Current SHDN = GND or VL 1 µA
Switching Frequency f 200 250 300 kHz
Maximum Duty Cycle DC 90 95 %
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 2
Note 1: With part mounted on 0.9 in.2 of copper.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Electrical Characteristics
(VIN = +6V, PGND = GND, CVL = 4.7μF, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
Note 2: Specifications to -40°C are guaranteed by design, not production tested.
(Circuit of Figure 1, TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITSInput Voltage VIN 3 28 V
Supply Current, No Load IIN VIN = 3V to 28V, VFB = 1.6V, SHDN = VL 800 µA
Supply Current, Full Load, VL Connected to IN IIN
VIN = 3V to 5.5, VFB = 1.4V, SHDN = VL = IN
7.5 mA
Supply Current, Full Load IINVIN = 3.4V to 28V, VFB = 1.4V, SHDN = VL, VVL < VIN
4 mA
Supply Current Shutdown IIN VIN = 28V, VFB = 1.6V, SHDN = GND 10 µA
VL Output Voltage VVL VIN = 3.5V or 28V, no load 2.85 3.3 V
VL Undervoltage Lockout VVL Rising edge, 1% hysteresis 2.55 2.85 V
FB Set Voltage VFB 1.455 1.545 V
LX Voltage Range VLXON 28 V
LX Switch Current Limit ILXON PWM mode 1.4 3 A
LX On-Resistance RLXON 0.6 Ω
Switching Frequency f 188 312 kHz
100
00.1 1 10 100 1000
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT(VOUT = 12V)
20
30
10
MAX
618
toc0
1
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
EFFI
CIEN
CY (%
)
40
50
6070
80
90VIN = 8V
VIN = 5VVIN = 3V
100
00.1 1 10 100 1000
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT(VOUT = 28V)
20
30
10
MAX
618
toc0
2
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
EFFI
CIEN
CY (%
)
40
50
6070
80
90VIN = 12V
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3V
320
360
340
400
380
420
440
480
460
500
2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 113 12
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENTvs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX
618
toc0
3
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPP
LY C
URRE
NT (µ
A)
VOUT = 12V
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 3
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Typical Operating Characteristics
(Circuit of Figure 1, TA = +25°C.)
0.40
0.45
0.55
0.50
0.60
0.65
0 105 15 20 25 30
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENTvs. INPUT VOLTAGE
MAX
618
toc0
4
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
SUPP
LY C
IRRE
NT (µ
A)
300
400
350
500
450
550
600
650
700
-50 -10 10-30 30 50 70 90 110
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX
618
toc0
5
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPP
LY C
URRE
NT (µ
A)
VIN = 8V
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3V
INCLUDES CAPACITOR LEAKAGE CURRENT0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2 127 17 22 27 32
SHUTDOWN CURRENTvs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX
618
toc0
6
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SHUT
DOW
N CU
RREN
T (µ
A)
0
VOUT(100mV/div)
VLX(10V/div)
IL(1A/div)
MEDIUM-LOAD SWITCHINGWAVEFORMS
MAX618 toc07
VIN = 5V, VOUT = 12V, IOUT = 200mA
2µs/div
0
VOUT(100mV/
div)
VLX(10V/div)
IL(1A/div)
HEAVY-LOAD SWITCHINGWAVEFORMS
MAX618 toc08
VIN = 5V, VOUT = 12V, IOUT = 500mA
2µs/div
3V6V
VOUT(50mV/div)
VIN(5V/div)
LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSEMAX618 toc09
IOUT = 200mA, VOUT = 12V
2ms/div
0
VOUT(200mV/div)
IOUT(100mA/div)
LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSEMAX618 toc10
VIN = 5V, VOUT = 12V
5ms/div
5V
12V
0
SHDN(2V/div)
VOUT(2V/div)
SHUTDOWN RESPONSEMAX618 toc11
VIN = 5V, VOUT = 12V, ILOAD = 500mA
500µs/div0
0.4
0.2
0.6
1.2
1.4
1.0
0.8
1.6
2 4 5 6 73 8 9 10 11 12
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENTvs. INPUT VOLTAGE
MAX
618
toc1
2
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
MAXI
MUM
OUTP
UT C
URRE
NT (A
)
VOUT = 12V
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
Maxim Integrated 4www.maximintegrated.com
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
Figure 1. Single-Supply Operation
PIN NAME FUNCTION1, 8, 9, 12, 16 GND Ground
2, 3, 4 LX Drain of Internal n-channel Switch. Connect the inductor between IN and LX.
5 SHDNShutdown Input. A logic low puts the MAX618 in shutdown mode and reduces supply current to 3µA. SHDN must not exceed VL. In shutdown, the output falls to VIN less one diode drop.
6 COMP Compensation Input. Bypass to GND with the value of capacitance shown in Table 2.
7 FB Feedback Input. Connect a resistor-divider network to set VOUT. FB threshold is 1.5V.
10 IN LDO Regulator Supply Input. IN accepts inputs up to +28V. Bypass to GND with a 1µF ceramic capacitor as close to pins 10 and 12 as possible.
11 VL Internal 3.1V LDO Regulator Output. Bypass to GND with a 4.7µF capacitor.
13, 14, 15 PGND Power Ground. Source of internal N-channel switch.
COMP 2
+5V INPUT
R3169kΩ
R4100kΩ
L1470
LOW BATTERY INPUT
1.31V
OSC
RON AT 3Ω
40kHz COMP 1
1.31V
BANDGAPREFERENCE
ANDBIAS GENERATOR
1 LBR
2 CX
3 LX
4 GND
D11N4148
+VS 5
IC 6
VFB 7
LBD 8 LOW-BATTERY OUTPUT(LOW IF INPUT < 3V)
CC
R1499kΩ
R247.5kΩ
SHUTDOWN
OPERATE
+15V OUTPUT20mA
C1470mF25V
MAX618
COMP 2
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
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Pin Description
Detailed DescriptionThe MAX618 pulse-width modulation (PWM) DC-DC converter with an internal 28V switch operates in a wide range of DC-DC conversion applications including boost, SEPIC, and flyback configurations. The MAX618 uses fixed-frequency PWM operation and Maxim’s proprietary Idle Mode control to optimize efficiency over a wide range of loads. It also features a shutdown mode to minimize quiescent current when not in operation.
PWM Control Scheme and Idle Mode OperationThe MAX618 combines continuous-conduction PWM operation at medium to high loads and Idle Mode opera-tion at light loads to provide high efficiency over a wide
range of load conditions. The MAX618 control scheme actively monitors the output current and automatically switches between PWM and Idle Mode to optimize efficiency and load regulation. Figure 2 shows a functional diagram of the MAX618’s control scheme.The MAX618 normally operates in low-noise, continuous- conduction PWM mode, switching at 250kHz. In PWM mode, the internal MOSFET switch turns on with each clock pulse. It remains on until either the error comparator trips or the inductor current reaches the 2A switch-current limit. The error comparator compares the feedback-error signal, current-sense signal, and slope-compensation signal in one circuit block. When the switch turns off, energy transfers from the inductor to the output capacitor. Output current is limited by the 2A MOSFET current limit
Figure 2. Functional Diagram
SHDN
MAX618
IDLE MODECURRENT LIMIT
PWMCURRENT LIMIT
ERRORCOMPARATOR
250kHzOSCILLATOR
SLOPECOMPENSATION
LINEARREGULATOR
CURRENT-SENSE
CIRCUIT
PGND IN
LX OUTR
14R
VL
FB
COMP
IN
VL
NMOS
REFERENCE
INTEGRATOR
GND
SHUTDOWN
PWMLOGIC
THERMALSHUTDOWN
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
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and the MAX618’s package power-dissipation limit. See the Maximum Output Current section for details.In Idle Mode, the MAX618 improves light-load efficiency by reducing inductor current and skipping cycles to reduce the losses in the internal switch, diode, and inductor. In this mode, a switching cycle initiates only when the error comparator senses that the output voltage is about to drop out of regulation. When this occurs, the NMOS switch turns on and remains on until the inductor current exceeds the nominal 350mA Idle Mode current limit.Refer to Table 1 for an estimate of load currents at which the MAX618 transitions between PWM and Idle Mode.
Compensation SchemeAlthough the higher loop gain of voltage-controlled architectures tends to provide tighter load regulation, current-controlled architectures are generally easier to compensate over wide input and output voltage ranges. The MAX618 uses both control schemes in parallel: the dominant, low-frequency components of the error signal are tightly regulated with a voltage-control loop, while a current-control loop improves stability at higher
frequencies. Compensation is achieved through the selection of the output capacitor (COUT), the integrator capacitor (CCOMP), and the pole capacitor (CP) from FB to GND. CP cancels the zero formed by COUT and its ESR. Refer to the Capacitor Selection section for guidance on selecting these capacitors.
VL Low-Dropout RegulatorThe MAX618 contains a 3.1V low-dropout linear regulator to power internal circuitry. The regulator’s input is IN and its output is VL. The IN to VL dropout voltage is 100mV, so that when IN is less than 3.2V, VL is typically 100mV below IN. The MAX618 still operates when the LDO is in dropout, as long as VL remains above the 2.7V undervolt-age lockout. Bypass VL with a 4.7μF ceramic capacitor placed as close to the VL and GND pins as possible.VL can be overdriven by an external supply between 2.7V and 5.5V. In systems with +3.3V or +5V logic power supplies available, improve efficiency by powering VL and VIN directly from the logic supply as shown in Figure 3.
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 7
Tabl
e 1.
PW
M/Id
le-M
ode
Tran
sitio
n Lo
ad C
urre
nt (I
OU
T in
Am
ps) v
s. In
put a
nd O
utpu
t Vol
tage
V IN
V OU
T4
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
1718
1920
2122
2324
2526
2728
30.
200.
200.
180.
150.
120.
100.
090.
080.
070.
060.
050.
040.
040.
040.
030.
030.
030.
030.
030.
020.
020.
020.
020.
020.
02
40.
180.
210.
200.
170.
150.
130.
120.
100.
090.
080.
070.
070.
060.
050.
050.
040.
040.
040.
030.
030.
030.
030.
030.
03
50.
160.
200.
210.
190.
170.
160.
140.
130.
110.
100.
090.
090.
080.
070.
070.
060.
060.
050.
050.
040.
040.
040.
04
60.
150.
200.
210.
200.
190.
180.
160.
150.
130.
120.
110.
100.
100.
090.
080.
080.
070.
070.
060.
060.
050.
05
70.
170.
190.
210.
210.
200.
190.
170.
160.
150.
140.
130.
120.
110.
100.
100.
090.
080.
080.
070.
070.
07
80.
190.
180.
200.
210.
200.
200.
190.
170.
160.
150.
140.
130.
130.
120.
110.
100.
100.
090.
090.
08
90.
200.
170.
200.
210.
210.
200.
190.
180.
180.
170.
160.
150.
140.
130.
120.
120.
110.
100.
10
100.
210.
160.
190.
200.
210.
210.
200.
190.
180.
170.
170.
160.
150.
140.
130.
130.
120.
11
110.
220.
150.
190.
200.
210.
210.
200.
200.
190.
180.
170.
170.
160.
150.
140.
140.
13
120.
230.
150.
180.
200.
210.
210.
210.
200.
200.
190.
180.
180.
170.
160.
150.
15
130.
240.
160.
170.
190.
200.
210.
210.
200.
200.
190.
190.
180.
170.
170.
16
140.
250.
170.
170.
190.
200.
210.
210.
210.
200.
200.
190.
190.
180.
17
150.
250.
180.
160.
180.
200.
200.
210.
210.
210.
200.
200.
190.
19
160.
260.
190.
160.
180.
190.
200.
210.
210.
210.
200.
200.
20
170.
260.
200.
150.
170.
190.
200.
200.
210.
210.
210.
20
180.
270.
200.
150.
170.
190.
200.
200.
210.
210.
21
190.
270.
210.
160.
170.
180.
190.
200.
210.
21
200.
270.
210.
170.
160.
180.
190.
200.
20
210.
280.
220.
170.
160.
180.
190.
20
220.
280.
220.
180.
150.
170.
19
230.
280.
230.
180.
150.
17
240.
280.
230.
190.
15
250.
290.
240.
19
260.
290.
24
270.
29
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 8
Operating ConfigurationsThe MAX618 can be connected in one of three configura-tions described in Table 2 and shown in Figures 1, 3, and 4. The VL linear regulator allows operation from a single supply between +3V and +28V as shown in Figure 1.The circuit in Figure 3 allows a logic supply to power the MAX618 while using a separate source for DC-DC
conversion power (inductor voltage). The logic supply (between 2.7V and 5.5V) connects to VL and IN. VL = IN; voltages of 3.3V or more improve efficiency by providing greater gate drive for the internal MOSFET.The circuit in Figure 4 allows separate supplies to power IN and the inductor voltage. It differs from the connection in Figure 3 in that the MAX618 chip supply is not limited to 5.5V.
Figure 3. Dual-Supply Operation (VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V) Figure 4. Dual-Supply Operation (VIN = 3V to 28V)
Table 2. Input Configurations
CIRCUIT CONNECTION VIN RANGE INDUCTOR VOLTAGE BENEFITS/COMMENTS
Figure 1Input voltage connects to IN and inductor.
3V to VOUT (up to 28V) VIN
• Single supply operation. • SHDN must be connected to or pulled up to VL. On/off control
requires an open-drain or open-collector connection to SHDN.
Figure 3
IN and VL connect together. Inductor voltage supplied by a separate source.
2.7V to 5.5V 0V to VOUT (up to 28V)
• Increased efficiency.• SHDN can be driven by logic powered from the supply
connected to IN and VL, or can be connected to or pulled up to VL.
• Input power source (inductor voltage) is separate from the MAX618’s bias (VIN = VL) and can be less than or greater than VIN.
Figure 4
IN and inductor voltage supplied by separate sources.
3V to 28V 0V to VOUT (up to 28V)
• Input power source (inductor voltage) is separate from the MAX618’s bias (VIN) and can be less than or greater than VIN.
• SHDN must be connected to or pulled up to VL. On/off control requires an open-drain or open-collector connection to SHDN.
GND
LX
COUT
L
PGND
R2
R1
CP
VL
COMPCCOMP
IN
SHDN
UP TO 28V
VINDUP TO 28V
CIND
IN OUT
MAX618
2.7V TO 5.5V
4.7µF
1µF
FB
LX
CIND
COUT
L
PGND
GND
R1
VL
COMPCCOMP
IN
SHDN
UP TO 28V
VINDUP TO 28V
OUT
MAX618
IN3V TO 28V
4.7µF
1µF
R2CP
FB
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 9
Shutdown ModeIn shutdown mode (SHDN = 0), the MAX618’s feedback and control circuit, reference, and internal biasing circuitry turn off and reduce the IN supply current to 3μA (10μA max). When in shutdown, a current path remains from the input to the output through the external inductor and diode. Consequently, the output falls to VIN less one diode drop in shutdown.SHDN may not exceed VL. For always-on operation, connect SHDN to VL. To add on/off control to the circuit of Figure 1 or 4, pull SHDN to VL with a resistor (10kΩ to 100kΩ) and drive SHDN with an open-drain logic gate or switch as shown in Figure 5. Alternatively, the circuit of Figure 3 allows direct SHDN drive by any logic-level gate powered from the same supply that powers VL and IN, as shown in Figure 6.
Design ProcedureThe MAX618 operates in a number of DC-DC converter configurations including step-up, SEPIC, and flyback. The following design discussion is limited to step-up converters.
Setting the Output VoltageTwo external resistors (R1 and R2) set the output voltage. First, select a value for R2 between 10kΩ and 200kΩ. Calculate R1 with:
OUT1 2
FB
VR R 1V
= −
where VFB is 1.5V.
Determining the Inductor ValueThe MAX618’s high switching frequency allows the use of a small value inductor. The recommended inductor value is proportional to the output voltage and is given by the following:
OUT5
VL7 10
=×
After solving for the above equation, round down as necessary to select a standard inductor value. When selecting an inductor, choose one rated to 250kHz, with a saturation current exceeding the peak inductor current, and with a DC resistance under 200mΩ. Ferrite core or equivalent inductors are generally appropriate (see MAX618 EV kit data sheet). Calculate the peak inductor current with the following equation:
( )OUT INOUT INLX(PEAK) OUT
IN OUT
V VV VI I 2µsV L V
− = +
Note that the peak inductor current is internally limited to 2A.
Diode SelectionThe MAX618’s high switching frequency demands a high-speed rectifier. Schottky diodes are preferred for most applications because of their fast recovery time and low forward voltage. Make sure that the diode’s peak current rating exceeds the 2A peak switch current, and that its breakdown voltage exceeds the output voltage.
Figure 5. Adding On/Off Control to Circuit of Figure 1 or 4 Figure 6. Adding On/Off Control to Circuit of Figure 3
MAX618
VL
100kΩ
ON/OFF CONTROL
OPEN-DRAINLOGIC
SHDN
MAX618
IN
VL
SYSTEM LOGIC
ON/OFFCONTROL
SHDN
SYSTEMLOGIC SUPPLY
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 10
Maximum Output CurrentThe MAX618’s 2.2A LX current limit determines the output power that can be supplied for most applications. In some cases, particularly when the input voltage is low, output power is sometimes restricted by package dissipation limits. The MAX618 is protected by a thermal shutdown circuit that turns off the switch when the die temperature exceeds +150°C. When the device cools by 10°C, the switch is enabled again. Table 3 details output current with a variety of input and output voltages. Each listing in Table 3 is either the limit set by an LX current limit or by package dissipation at +85°C ambient, whichever is lower. The values in Table 3 assume a 40mΩ inductor resistance.
Capacitor SelectionInput CapacitorsThe input bypass capacitor (CIND) reduces the input ripple created by the boost configuration. High-impedance sources require high CIND values. However, 68μF is generally adequate for input currents up to 2A. Low-ESR capacitors are recommended because they will decrease the ripple created on the input and improve efficiency. Capacitors with ESR below 0.3Ω are generally appropriate.In addition to the input bypass capacitor, bypass IN with a 1μF ceramic capacitor placed as close to the IN and GND pins as possible. Bypass VL with a 4.7μF ceramic capaci-tor placed as close to the VL and GND pins as possible.
Output CapacitorUse Table 4 to find the minimum output capacitance necessary to ensure stable operation. In addition, choose an output capacitor with low ESR to reduce the output ripple. The dominant component of output ripple is the product of the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current and the ESR of the output capacitor. ESR below 50mΩ generates acceptable levels of output ripple for most applications.
Integrator CapacitorThe compensation capacitor (CCOMP) sets the dominant pole in the MAX618’s transfer function. The proper com-pensation capacitance depends upon output capacitance. Table 5 shows the capacitance value needed for the output capacitances specified in Table 4. However, if a
different output capacitor is used (e.g., a standard value), then recalculate the value of capacitance needed for the integrator capacitor with the following formula:
COMP OUTCOMP
OUT
C (Table 5) CCC (Table 4)
×=
Pole Compensation CapacitorThe pole capacitor (CP) cancels the unwanted zero intro-duced by COUT’s ESR, and thereby ensures stability in PWM operation. The exact value of the pole capacitor is not critical, but it should be near the value calculated by the following equation:
ESR OUT 1 2P
1 2
R C (R R )CR R
× +=
×
where RESR is COUT’s ESR.
Layout ConsiderationsProper PC board layout is essential due to high current levels and fast switching waveforms that radiate noise. Use the MAX618 evaluation kit or equivalent PC layout to perform initial prototyping. Breadboards, wire-wrap, and proto-boards are not recommended when prototyping switching regulators.It is important to connect the GND pin, the input bypass capacitor ground lead, and the output filter capacitor ground lead to a single point to minimize ground noise and improve regulation. Also, minimize lead lengths to reduce stray capacitance, trace resistance, and radiated noise, with preference given to the feedback circuit, the ground circuit, and LX. Place the feedback resistors as close to the FB pin as possible. Place a 1μF input bypass capacitor as close as possible to IN and GND.Refer to the MAX618 evaluation kit for an example of proper board layout.
PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO.16 QSOP EF16+8F 21-0055
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 11
Package InformationFor the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
Chip InformationPROCESS: BiCMOS
Tabl
e 3.
Typ
ical
Out
put C
urre
nt v
s. In
put a
nd O
utpu
t Vol
tage
s
V IN
V OU
T4
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
1718
1920
2122
2324
2526
2728
30.
770.
590.
490.
410.
340.
290.
250.
220.
200.
180.
170.
150.
140.
130.
120.
120.
110.
100.
100.
090.
090.
080.
080.
080.
074
0.96
0.76
0.64
0.56
0.49
0.43
0.38
0.34
0.31
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
51.
090.
890.
760.
670.
600.
540.
500.
450.
410.
370.
340.
320.
300.
280.
260.
250.
230.
220.
210.
200.
190.
180.
186
1.18
0.99
0.85
0.76
0.68
0.63
0.58
0.54
0.50
0.46
0.42
0.39
0.37
0.34
0.32
0.31
0.29
0.28
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
71.
261.
070.
930.
830.
760.
700.
650.
600.
570.
530.
500.
460.
430.
410.
380.
360.
350.
330.
310.
300.
298
1.32
1.13
1.00
0.90
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.66
0.62
0.59
0.56
0.53
0.50
0.47
0.44
0.42
0.40
0.38
0.36
0.35
91.
371.
191.
060.
960.
880.
810.
760.
710.
670.
640.
610.
580.
550.
530.
500.
470.
450.
430.
4110
1.41
1.24
1.11
1.01
0.93
0.86
0.81
0.76
0.72
0.68
0.65
0.62
0.59
0.57
0.55
0.52
0.50
0.47
111.
441.
281.
151.
050.
970.
910.
850.
800.
760.
720.
690.
660.
630.
610.
580.
560.
5412
1.47
1.31
1.19
1.10
1.02
0.95
0.89
0.84
0.80
0.76
0.73
0.70
0.67
0.64
0.62
0.60
131.
491.
341.
231.
131.
050.
990.
930.
880.
830.
800.
760.
730.
700.
670.
6514
1.52
1.37
1.26
1.16
1.09
1.02
0.96
0.91
0.87
0.83
0.79
0.76
0.73
0.71
151.
531.
401.
291.
191.
121.
050.
990.
940.
900.
860.
820.
790.
7616
1.55
1.42
1.31
1.22
1.14
1.08
1.02
0.97
0.93
0.89
0.85
0.82
171.
571.
441.
331.
251.
171.
111.
051.
000.
950.
910.
8818
1.58
1.46
1.36
1.27
1.20
1.13
1.07
1.02
0.98
0.94
191.
591.
471.
371.
291.
221.
151.
101.
051.
0020
1.60
1.49
1.39
1.31
1.24
1.18
1.12
1.07
211.
611.
501.
411.
331.
261.
201.
1422
1.62
1.51
1.42
1.35
1.28
1.22
231.
631.
531.
441.
361.
2924
1.64
1.54
1.45
1.38
251.
641.
551.
4626
1.65
1.56
271.
66
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 12
Tabl
e 4.
Min
imum
CO
UT
for S
tabi
lity
(μF)
V IN
V OU
T4
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
1718
1920
2122
2324
2526
2728
317
312
810
080
6554
4640
3531
2825
2321
1918
1715
1514
1312
1211
10
415
111
896
8068
5951
4539
3532
2927
2423
2120
1817
1615
1514
13
513
210
790
7767
5952
4641
3734
3129
2625
2321
2019
1817
1615
611
797
8372
6457
5146
4238
3532
3028
2624
2321
2019
1817
710
489
7768
6155
5045
4239
3533
3028
2625
2322
2120
19
894
8272
6458
5248
4441
3835
3331
2927
2524
2221
20
986
7667
6155
5046
4239
3734
3230
2927
2524
2321
1079
7063
5752
4844
4138
3634
3230
2827
2524
23
1173
6659
5450
4643
4037
3533
3129
2826
2524
1268
6256
5147
4441
3836
3432
3029
2726
25
1364
5853
4945
4239
3735
3331
2928
2725
1460
5550
4743
4038
3634
3230
2927
26
1556
5248
4442
3937
3533
3129
2827
1653
4946
4340
3735
3332
3029
27
1750
4744
4138
3634
3231
2928
1848
4542
3937
3533
3130
28
1946
4340
3836
3432
3029
2043
4138
3634
3331
29
2142
3937
3533
3230
2240
3836
3432
31
2338
3634
3331
2437
3533
32
2535
3432
2634
33
2733
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 13
Tabl
e 5.
Min
imum
CC
OM
P fo
r Sta
bilit
y (n
F)
V IN
V OU
T4
56
78
910
1112
1314
1516
1718
1920
2122
2324
2526
2728
340
4654
6473
8394
105
118
130
143
157
172
187
203
219
236
253
271
290
309
329
349
370
391
442
4551
5866
7482
9110
010
911
913
014
115
216
417
618
820
121
422
824
225
727
228
7
543
4549
5460
6775
8188
9610
311
112
012
813
714
715
616
617
618
719
720
922
0
644
4548
5257
6268
7480
8692
9910
511
211
912
713
414
215
015
916
717
6
745
4547
5054
5863
6874
7985
9095
101
107
113
119
125
132
139
146
846
4547
4952
5660
6468
7378
8388
9398
103
108
113
119
124
946
4647
4851
5457
6164
6873
7782
8691
9599
104
109
1047
4646
4850
5255
5861
6569
7277
8185
8993
97
1147
4646
4849
5154
5659
6265
6972
7680
8488
1248
4747
4749
5052
5557
6063
6669
7275
79
1348
4747
4748
5052
5456
5861
6366
6972
1449
4747
4748
4951
5355
5759
6164
66
1549
4747
4748
4950
5253
5557
5962
1649
4847
4748
4950
5153
5456
58
1749
4847
4748
4849
5152
5355
1850
4847
4748
4849
5051
53
1950
4847
4748
4849
5051
2050
4848
4748
4849
49
2150
4948
4748
4848
2250
4948
4848
48
2350
4948
4848
2451
4948
48
2551
4948
2651
49
2751
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated 14
REVISION NUMBER
REVISION DATE DESCRIPTION PAGES
CHANGED0 6/09 Initial release —
1 12/09 Updated part to lead-free, added soldering temperatures (reflow), and corrected error in equation 1, 2, 10
2 4/15 No /V ordering information; removed Automotive reference from Applications section 1
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MAX618 28V Internal Switch, Step-Up DC-DC Converter
© 2015 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. 15
Revision History
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim Integrated’s website at www.maximintegrated.com.