Max Weber's theory of social stratification

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Weber's Theory of Social Stratification Uday Kumar Shil 12-3-20-0025

Transcript of Max Weber's theory of social stratification

Page 1: Max Weber's theory of social stratification

Weber's Theory of Social Stratification

Uday Kumar Shil12-3-20-0025

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Outline• Social Stratification• Social Stratification Principles• Example of Social Stratification• Pictures of social stratification• Table showing social stratification• Sociological overview of Max Weber• Weber's Theory of Social Class• Few general concepts• Legitimating of Authority

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What Is Social Stratification

• In sociology, social stratification is  a  concept  involving  the "classification  of  people  into  groups  based  on  shared  socio-economic  conditions.  A  relational  set  of  inequalities  with economic, social, political and ideological dimensions.“

When differences lead to greater status, power or privilege for some groups over the other it is called Social Stratification.

• Social  stratification  refers  to  the  system  of  ranking  people  into groups  according  to  one  or  more  criteria  deemed  important  to society.  These  include  race,  colour  and  wealth  among  others. It can also be defined as  the process by which society  is divided  in terms of hierarchy where one  social  group  is  placed higher  than another  group.  This  hierarchy  is  a  rank  order  of  groups  and  is linked strongly  to perceptions of ethnicity,  colour,  class and even gender.

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Social Stratification Principles

• It is based on four principles:-Social stratification is a trait of society, not simply a 

reflection of individual differencesSocial stratification carries over from generation to 

generationSocial stratification is universal but variableSocial stratification involves not just inequality but 

beliefs as well

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Example of Social Stratification

• Social stratification and the African influences in American slave communities

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Pictures of social stratification

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Table showing social stratificationCLASS COLOUR STATUS

Upper class/caste/ruling elites Traditionally white Own wealth, means of production and political power

Intermediate class/caste Mulatto/browns Usually educated ,own some wealth, desire but lack political power

Working class/caste Blacks Slaves, uneducated, lack wealth and political power

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Sociological overview of Max Weber• Max Weber was  strongly  influenced  by Marx's  ideas, 

but  rejected  the  possibility  of  effective  communism, arguing that  it would require an even greater  level of detrimental  social  control and bureaucratization  than capitalist  society.  Moreover,  Weber  criticized the dialectical presumption  of  proletariat  revolt, believing it to be unlikely.

• He  emphasized  the  difference  between  class,  status, and power, and treated these as separate but related sources of power, each with different effects on social action.

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Weber's Theory of Social Class• Marx saw class divisions as the most important source•  of social conflict. • Weber's analysis of class is similar to Marx's, but he discusses • class in the context of social stratification more generally.• Class is one dimension of the social structure.•  Social status, or "social honor," is another. • Both are significant contributors•  of social difference.• In order to fully understand Weber's perspective on stratification,

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Few general concepts

• Power • Domination• Communal & Societal Action

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Power• POWER -> ability of an actor (or actors) to realize his or her will

in a social action, even against the will of other actors. Power relates  to  the  ability  to  command  resources  in  a  particular domain. 

• Economic power,  then,  is  the ability to control material resources: to direct production, to monopolize accumulation, to dictate consumption. 

• Societal power includes economic power, social power, legal or political power,  and  so  forth.  Although  the  control  of  these domains  of  resources  usually  go  together,  they  represent different mechanisms of power, and are conceptually distinct. 

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Domination

• Domination is the exercise of authority .

• Possession  of  power  in  a sphere  results  in dominance. Weber articulated three ideal types  of  domination: charisma, tradition and rational-legal. 

Communal & Societal Action• A  communal action is  oriented 

on  the  basis  of  a  shared belief of affiliation.  In  other  words, actors  believe  that  they somehow  belong  together  in some  way.  Their  action  stems from, and is co-ordinated by this sentiment.  In  contrast,  societal action is  oriented  to  a rational adjustment of interests.  The motivation  is  not  a  sense  of shared  purpose,  but  rather,  a recognition of shared interests. 

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Class• 3 aspects of class:    (i) a specific causal component of actors life chances    (ii) which rests exclusively on economic interests and wealth,      (iii)  is  represented  under  conditions  of  labour  and 

commodity markets.

Status• status groups  normally  are 

communities  (class  groups do not constitute communities, according to Weber)

• Status  is  defined as  the  likelihood that  life chances  are  determined by social honour,  or,  prestige. Status  groups  are  linked  by  a common  style  of  life,  and  the attendant social restrictions. 

Class and status interests interact in the realm of the legal order, the arena of politics. Political power is, obviously, often based on class and status interests. Parties are the organizations of power.

Party

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Legitimating of Authority

• Three Ideal Types of Authority

1. Traditional: Authority entirely comes  from the  fact authority has always rested in that person or position. 

2. Charismatic: Contrasted with traditional authority.  The authority of charismatics resides entirely in their personal attributes.  Weber argues  that  these  are  people who  present  themselves  as  people who  possess  “special  gifts,”  almost  or  exactly  supernatural.  Their position  is  predicated  on  the  continuing  proof  of  their  special powers.  

3. Legal-Rational: Authority  by  codified  law.    Whomever  holds  the position is entitled to authority and carries with them the capacity for power.  Usually held in bureaucracies.

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