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Training on Socioeconomic Monitoring (SocMon) Methodology for Evaluation of Socioeconomics and Marine Resources Utilization at

Selected Coastal Communities in Myanmar Mawlamyine University, Mon State and

Asin Village, Ye Township 9-19 January 2014

Session 3: The SocMon Research Process (from Preparatory Activities to Report Writing)1

1Prepared by Dr Michael Pido, Prof Marissa Pontillas and Ms Eva Marie Ponce de Leon Palawan State University Puerto Princesa City, Philippines / Dr Robert S Pomeroy, University of Connecticut, USA,

Michael D Pido, PhD Vice President for Research and Extension, Palawan State University /

Regional Coordinator, Southeast Asia Socioeconomic Monitoring Initiative for Coastal Management

5300 Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines

Robert S Pomeroy, PhD Professor , University of Connecticut

Connecticut , USA

Outline 1. Recap of Session 1

2. Overview of SocMon Process

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Session 1 Sections

1. SocMon Background

2. Some SocMon Applications

3. Objectives and Scope of SocMon

4. Objectives of SocMon Myanmar Training

5. Overview of Training Program

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SocMon Background

1. Why SocMon?

2. What is SocMon?

3. How does SocMon work?

4. Who are the target audience for SocMon?

5. What are SocMon’s Limitations?

6. How is SocMon Organized?

7. What are SocMon Companion Guides?

8. What documents does SocMon produced?

9. What tools/methods are affiliated with SocMon?

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Some SocMon Applications 1. Cambodia

2. Indonesia

3. Philippines

4. Vietnam

5. Other countries

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Objectives and Scope of SocMon • 5 Goals

• 7 Objectives

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Objectives of SocMon Myanmar

• 4 Objectives

• 4 Outputs/Deliverables

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Overview of Training Program

• 27 Sessions over 10 days

• Theory: 4 days

• Practicum/Field Work: 3 days

• Data encoding/preliminary analysis: 3 days

Outline

1. Recap of Session 1

2. Overview of SocMon Process

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3.1 Who should do the monitoring?

• Individual

• Team effort

– Social sciences

– Natural sciences

– Integrated disciplines

• Roles

– Team Leader

– Members

– understudy

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3.2 What is the process for doing the monitoring

1. Advance preparation

2. data collection through secondary sources;

3. data collection through key informants;

4. data collection through household interviews;

5. data collection through observation; and

6. data analysis and communication

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3.2 The SocMon Process

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3.3 How do I collect the data?

1. Secondary sources 2. Key informant interviews 3. Household interviews 4. Observation

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3.4 Who should be interviewed for the household interviews?

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•develop sampling approach to determine who to interview •sample from the different types •of stakeholder groups to ensure the breadth of perspectives are assessed

3.5 How long should the monitoring take?

• Overall, it is generally estimated it will take between 3 and 6 weeks (17 to 30 actual working days) to conduct the monitoring as follows:

— Preparatory activities: 3 - 5 days — Data collection through secondary sources: 3 - 5 days — Data collection through key informants: 3 - 5 days — Data collection through household interviews: 5 - 10 days — Data analysis, report writing, presentations and consultations:

3 - 5 days

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3.6 How much will the monitoring costs?

budget items will include, but not be limited to: – transportation to government offices for collection of

secondary data – salary for 3-4 interviewers – pen, paper, notepads, other office supplies – maps, nautical charts – transportation to study area (car, boat) – Photocopying – computer with basic word processing software – optional: camera, binoculars, tape recorder, video camera,

Geographic Position System

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3.7 How often should the monitoring be done?

• A socioeconomic monitoring program begins with a

baseline socioeconomic assessment using the full range of indicators, which provides a foundation of data for future reference.

• Subsequent monitoring efforts may involve a shorter

list of indicators than the baseline monitoring, as some indicators should be collected on a more frequent basis than others.

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3.8 Where should the monitoring take place?

data collection will generally take place in two places: • Outside of the community – the secondary source

data is typically located in government, academic, research, non-government organization and other offices, which are usually outside of the community.

• Inside the community – the key informant interviews, household interviews and observation will be conducted in the community.

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3.9 What is the audience for the results?

• Before undertaking the socioeconomic

monitoring effort, it is important to identify

the audience for the results.

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3.9 What is the audience for the results?

In determining the audience,

1. it is important to consider who will be affected by the results, both positively and negatively.

2. It is also important to consider who can take action related to the results.

3. it is important to consider who needs to be kept informed of coastal management activities and the related socioeconomic conditions.

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3.10 What else should I know?

• It is important to identify any development projects or studies that have been conducted recently that may have included a socioeconomic assessment.

• The process and resulting information should

be reviewed as data for comparison and before starting SocMon data collection to prevent duplication.

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70 SocMon Indicators/ Indicators

• Key Informant / Secondary Source indicators - 32

• Household Interview indicators – 28

• Climate change – 10

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Some Key Informant/ Secondary Source Indicators

Key Informant Interviews/ Secondary Source (KS)

Main means of data collection

(secondary sources, key

informants or both)

Minimal frequency of

data collection (years)

General importance of data collection

(high or medium)

Governance

KS25 Management body Both 3 Medium

KS26 Management plan Both 3 Medium

KS27 Enabling legislation Both 3 Medium

KS28 Resource allocations Both 3 Medium

KS29 Formal tenure and rules Both 3 Medium

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Some Household Interview Indicators

Household Interviews (H) Minimal frequency of data collection in years

General importance of data collection

(high or medium)

Household demographics

H1 Age 5 Medium

H2 Gender 5 Medium

H3 Ethnicity 5 Medium

H4 Education 5 Medium

H5 Religion 5 Medium

H6 Language 5 Medium

H7 Occupation 5 Medium

H8 Household size 5 Medium

H9 Household income 3 Medium

SocMon Indicators by Management Objectives

• Professor Peter Drucker

• American Management Guru

• Originator of as father of MBO - Management By Objective

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Table 4.3 Purposes of socioeconomic monitoring and relevant indicators

Key Informant interviews/secondary source indicators

Community-level Demographics

P u r p o s e s KS1 KS2 KS3 KS4 KS5 KS6 KS7 KS8 KS9 KS10 KS11 KS12

Objective No. 1 - Identifying threats, problems, solutions and opportunities

Threats

Problems

Solutions and Opportunities

Table 4.3 Purposes of socioeconomic monitoring and relevant indicators

Key Informant interviews/secondary source indicators

Coastal and marine activities

P u r p o s e s KS14 KS15 KS16 KS17 KS18 KS19 KS20 KS21 KS22 KS23 KS24

Objective No. 2 - Determining the importance, value and cultural significance of resources and their use

Importance/Value

Cultural Significance

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Table 4.3 Purposes of socioeconomic monitoring and relevant indicators

Key Informant interviews/secondary source indicators

Community-level Demographics

P u r p o s e s KS1 KS2 KS3 KS4 KS5 KS6 KS7 KS8 KS9 KS10 KS11 KS12

Objective No. 3 - Assessing positive and negative impacts of management measures

Livelihood

Marketing and Production

Food Security

Attitudes and Perception

Coastal Activities

Governance 28

Table 4.3 Purposes of socioeconomic monitoring and relevant indicators

Key Informant interviews/secondary source indicators

Coastal and marine activities

P u r p o s e s KS14 KS15 KS16 KS17 KS18 KS19 KS20 KS21 KS22 KS23 KS24

Objective No. 4 - Assessing how the management body is doing

Management Effectiveness

Objective No. 5 - Building stakeholder participation and appropriate education and awareness programs

Stakeholder Participation

Awareness Programs

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Table 4.3 Purposes of socioeconomic monitoring and relevant indicators Key Informant interviews/secondary source

indicators

Community-level Demographics

P u r p o s e s KS1 KS2 KS3 KS4 KS5 KS6 KS7 KS8 KS9 KS10 KS11 KS12

Objective No. 6 - Verifying and documenting assumptions of socioeconomic conditions in the area, community dynamics and stakeholder perceptions

Objective No. 7 - Establishing baseline household and community profiles

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Table 4.3 Purposes of socioeconomic monitoring and relevant indicators

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Household Interview Indicators

Coastal and marine activities

P u r p o s e s H10 H11 H12 H13 H14

Objective No. 1 - Identifying threats, problems, solutions and opportunities

Threats

Problems

Solutions and Opportunities

Table 4.3 Purposes of socioeconomic monitoring and relevant indicators

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Household Interview Indicators

Coastal and marine activities

P u r p o s e s H10 H11 H12 H13 H14

Objective No. 2 - Determining the importance, value and cultural significance of resources and their use

Importance/Value

Cultural Significance

Table 4.3 Purposes of socioeconomic monitoring and relevant indicators

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Household Interview Indicators

Coastal and marine activities

P u r p o s e s H10 H11 H12 H13 H14

Objective No. 3- Assessing positive and negative impacts of management measures

Livelihood

Marketing and Production

Food Security

Attitudes and Perception

Coastal Activities

Governance

Table 4.3 Purposes of socioeconomic monitoring and relevant indicators

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Household Interview Indicators

Coastal and marine activities

P u r p o s e s H10 H11 H12 H13 H14

Objective No. 4 - Assessing how the management body is doing

Management Effectiveness

Objective No. 5 - Building stakeholder participation and appropriate education and awareness programs

Stakeholder Participation

Awareness Programs

Table 4.3 Purposes of socioeconomic monitoring and relevant indicators

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Household Interview Indicators

Coastal and marine activities

P u r p o s e s H10 H11 H12 H13 H14

Objective No. 6 - Verifying and documenting assumptions of socioeconomic conditions in the area, community dynamics and stakeholder perceptions

Objective No. 7 - Establishing baseline household and community profiles

SocMon Indicator Elements

1. What it is

– description of the variable

2. How to collect

– description of how to collect the data and relevant interview questions.

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SocMon Indicator Elements 3. How to analyze

– explanation of what to do with the data, including comparisons to make with other data and what tables or narrative text to prepare

4. How information can be used by managers

– discussion of how the information can be useful

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Methods of Data Collection

1. Secondary sources 2. Key informant interviews 3. Household interviews 4. Observation

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Secondary Data Analysis

1. identify gaps in existing knowledge

2. ensure does not collect information already collected

3. provide a basis for cross-checking information

4. support documentation for field data collection

5. refine the lists of objectives, stakeholder groups, study sites and parameters

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+ of Key Informants Interview

- can be done for any topic

- high level of participation

- quickly generate a list of individuals with shared or specialized knowledge

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- of Key Informants Interview

- time consuming

- different interviewers may get different results

- people may give answers they think that you expect to hear

- can give misleading or biased information

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Household Interview/Survey

• use questionnaires with highly structured, close-ended questions

• quantitative data that can be analyzed statistically.

• Does not encourage follow-up questions or discussion

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Sampling for Household Interviews

Sample Sizes

Stakeholder group size

95% Level of Confidence; 5%

Confidence Interval

99% Level of Confidence Level; 1%

Confidence Interval

3000 341 544

5000 357 586

10000 370 622

20000 377 642

50000 382 655

100000 383 659

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Sample Sizes

Stakeholder group size

95% Level of Confidence; 5%

Confidence Interval

99% Level of Confidence Level; 1%

Confidence Interval

Less than 500 Generally no more than half

the group

Generally no more than half

the group

500 218 250

1000 278 399

1500 306 460

2000 323 498

Source: Rea and Parker 1997

Observation

• qualitative descriptions of what the team members see

• learns first hand about activities in the community.

• directed (observing a specific activity) or continuous (observe all activities day and night)

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Data Analysis and Report Writing

1. Compile/encode all data

2. Process the data

3. Interpret the data

4. Agree on key learning

5. Validate the findings

6. Report Writing

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Key Learnings

• issues identified or lessons learned by the team essential to monitoring objectives

• a set of information that is critical to assessment objectives

• conclusions about a particular variable

• a cross-cutting issue that draws on lessons learnt about several different indicators

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SocMon Report

executive summary

introduction

methods

results

discussions

recommendations

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Validation

• may involve all or selected stakeholders

• Present highlights of results

• Get feedbacks

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Communicating Results to Audiences & Stakeholders

– discussing the findings with the audience;

– seeking feedback and validation, and

– seeking appropriate decisions and actions to make use of the results.

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