Matter - Wilson's Web PageHow can we tell the difference between elements and compounds? •Element...
Transcript of Matter - Wilson's Web PageHow can we tell the difference between elements and compounds? •Element...
MatterHow and why do we study Matter?
Aim:
To DESCRIBE and EXPLAIN matter based on its PROPERTIES and INTERACTIONS
Vocabulary
Matter,
mixture, pure substance,
element, compound,
Homogeneous, heterogeneous
chemical reaction
Solute, solvent, solution
What is matter?
What is matter?
• Matter is anything that has MASS and VOLUME
• MASS – amount of matter in a substance
• VOLUME – amount of space matter takes up
• What isn’t matter?
What ISN'T matter?
• Energy (light, sound, heat)
CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY is the study of matter.
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MATTER
Pure Substances
• Have only ONE type of particle
• Eg. Water, sugar, salt, gold, zinc, copper, oxygen
Pure Substances can be further categorized into ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS
ELEMENTS contain only ONE type of atom and cannot be broken down into anything simpler.
Example: anything on the periodic table: Gold, copper, silver, sulfur, oxygen, helium, etc.
Compounds consist of TWO or MORE elements CHEMICALY bound together
Examples: water (H2O), Salt (NaCl), Carbon dioxide (CO2),
How can we tell the difference between elements and compounds?
• Element cannot be broken down into anything simpler by ANY means.
• Compounds can be broken down into simpler units using ENERGY like heat or electricity (to break the chemical bonds between elements).
• eg. Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen from water
• video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTEX38bQ-2w
MIXTURES (are NOT pure substances)
• A mixture contains two or more pure substances NOT CHEMCIALLY joined.
• There are two types of mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures
○ substances are evenly and microscopicallymixed together.
○ The components are still separate but indistinguishable from each other.
○ Has the same properties throughout.○ Usually one phase○ Eg. Sugar dissolved in water, ○ Eg. the air we breathe ○ Eg. Gasoline○ TWO types of homogenenous mixtures...
Homogeneous Mixtures: Solutions
• Solutions contain particles that are < 2 nm
• Particles don't settle out
• Eg. Sugar dissolved in water
Homogenous Mixtures: Colloids
Colloids contain particles between 2-500nm,
• particles stay suspended, don't settle out.
• Eg. Milk, Jello, fog (water molecules in air), smoke
Homogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures:
• Composition not uniform
• Components can be visiblydistinguished.
• Different properties throughout
• Ex. Granola, sulfur and iron, sand and marbles, salsa, blood
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures: Suspensions
• Suspensions contain particles >500nm
• Particles may settle out over time
• eg. Muddy water, hot chocolate
MIXTURES CAN BE SEPARATED BY PHYSICAL MEANS
How can we separate an INSOLUBLE substance from the (heterogeneous) mixture?
• Eg: Sand and Marble→ using fingers
• Eg. Sand and water → filter
How can we separate a SOLUBLE (dissolved) substance from a solution (homogeneous mixture)?
• Eg. Salt and water →
How can we separate a SOLUBLE (dissolved) substance from a solution (homogeneous mixture)?
• Eg. Salt and water →Evaporation,
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XC1RxloV0Mo
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How can we separate a SOLUBLE (dissolved) substance from a solution (homogeneous mixture)?
• Eg. Dye and water
How can we separate a SOLUBLE (dissolved) substance from a solution (homogeneous mixture)?
• Eg. Dye and water →chromatography
Activity: Candy Chromatography