Matter Objectives (A) compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of compressibility, structure,...
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Transcript of Matter Objectives (A) compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of compressibility, structure,...
Matter Objectives
(A) compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of compressibility, structure, shape, and volume
(B) differentiate between physical and chemical changes and properties
(C) identify extensive and intensive properties
(D) classify matter as pure substances or mixtures through investigation of their properties.
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Examples:Water, Person, Building, Cup, Air
3 States of Matter 1. Solids Definite volume and shape Rigid Structure due to closely packed particles
2. LiquidsDefinite volume but indefinite shapeParticles move because they are less closely packedExpand to fit containers
3. Gas No definite volume or shape Particles move fast because they are very loosely packed
Expand to fill space and exert pressure
Change in the state of matter Solid
Liquid Melting
Freezing
Condensing
Boiling Sublimation
Desublimation
Gas
Matter has properties
Properties: The unique character or way matter reacts
Two types of properties: PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- Characteristics that make up the physical composition of the sample
-Can be seen without changing the substance
Examples: color, density, melting point, boiling point
INTENSIVE vs. EXTENSIVEPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- Physical properties can be separated into two categories:
EXTENSIVE Depend on the amount of matter present
Examples: Volume, Mass
INTENSIVE Independent from the amount of matter present
Examples:Color, Boiling Point, Texture, Conductivity, Density
PHYSICAL CHANGES EXAMPLES
MELTING
FREEZING
CONDENSING
BOILING SUBLIMATION
DESUBLIMATION
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
-Characteristics of matter when it is mixed with another type of matter
-Behavior of matter when it is mixed with something else
Examples: reactivity, flammability, toxicity
CHEMICAL CHANGES EXAMPLES
• BURNING (matter mixed with oxygen)
• RUSTING (iron mixing with oxygen and water)
• COOKING/BAKING
Types of Matter
Mixtures: (can be separated)A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each
of which keep their own identity and properties Examples: sugar water, blood
Pure Substances: (can’t be separated)Every sample of the substance has the same
composition and characteristics Examples: gold, water
Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous mixtures: Uniform throughout, called solutions
Examples: air, sugar water
Heterogeneous mixtures: NOT uniform throughout
Examples: blood, wood
Types of Pure Substances
Elements: (Can’t be broken down into simpler substances)Made up of only one kind of atomExamples: Gold, Carbon
Compounds: (Can be be broken down into simpler substances)
Two or more elements that are chemically bondedExamples: water, sucrose