MATTER & CHANGE: CHEMISTRY

Ch 1: Lesson 2

Honors Chemistry

K. Davis

Chemistry

The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.It is a physical science.

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Chemical: any substance used in or produced by a chemical process.

• Every material and substance is made of chemicals.

• Unfortunately, the word chemical has become associated with undesirable circumstances (pollution, cancer, poisonings, etc.)

• A substance that is a chemical is not by definition, harmful. Nor can anything be “free of chemicals”

Branches of chemistryOrganic ChemistryInorganic ChemistryPhysical ChemistryAnalytical ChemistryBiochemistry ChemistryTheoretical Chemistry

Organic Chemistrythe study of most carbon-containing compounds

Ibuprofen: (±)-2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionic acidC13H1802

Inorganic Chemistrythe study of non-organic substances, many of

which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics)

Physical Chemistrythe study of the properties and changes of

matter and their relation to energy

Analytical Chemistrythe identification of the components and

composition of materials

Biochemistry Chemistrythe study of substances and processes

occurring in living things

Theoretical Chemistry the use of mathematics and computers to

understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds

3 basic types of chemical research.Basic Research - is carried out for the sake of

increasing knowledge, such as how and why a specific reaction occurs.

Applied Research – is generally carried out to solve a problem.

Technological Development – typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life.

In many cases, the three types of research overlap.

Periodic Table BasicsC1: Lesson 4 Honors Chemistry

K. Davis

The periodic table is a listing of all elements by increasing atomic number.

The vertical columns are called groups. There are 18 groups

The horizontal rows are called periods. There are 7 periods.

The periodic table can be separated into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

Metals are shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

Nonmetals are not shiny, malleable, ductile, or good conductors of heat and electricity.