Matter and Properties

Chapter 115th grade science

Elements

• __________ - anything that takes up space and has mass.

• __________ - basic building blocks of matter• Elements combine to form other kinds of

______• Elements can not be broken down into smaller

pieces by either _________ or ________ processes.

Matter

elements

Matter

chemical physical

Properties of Matter

• Each element has its own set of ________ and __________ properties.

• Properties are used to identify _________• _____________ - materials change into other

materials.• ______________ - can be measured without

changing the material.

physical

chemical

elements

Chemical properties

Physical properties

Physical Properties

• ________• _______• _______• ______• _______• _______• Physical properties can be observed, described and

measured using:– ______ -_________________– ___________ -____________

colorodor

massvolumetexturehardness

Rulersmicroscopes

Scales and balancesthermometers

Metals

• More than 75% of the Earths elements are _______

• Metals have ____________ of :– ___________– ___________– _________________– _________________

metals

Physical properties

Luster (shine)

bendableConduct heat energy

Conduct electricity

Weight and Mass

• ______ - measure of the pull on gravity on an object

• Weight changes when the pull of _______ changes.

• _____ - the amount of matter in an object• The amount of ______ affects the ________ of

an object• ______and _______ are NOT the same

weight

gravity

mass

mass weight

mass weight

Volume

• Mass is measured in _______, ________, or ________

• _______ - the amount of space that an objects takes up

• Volume is measured in _________• The formula for finding the volume of a box is:– ____________________________________

grams milligrams

kilograms

volume

Cubic units

Volume(V) = Length (L) x Width (W) x Height (H)

Density

• ______ - a measure of the amount of matter in a given volume.

• The formula for finding _______ is ______ divided by ________ or D=M/V.

• The unit of measurement for density is ________________

• Density is a _______ property of a substance.• Density is the ______ no matter how much of

the substance is measured.

density

Density (D) Mass (M)Volume (V)

Cubic centimeters (cm³)

Physical

same

Buoyancy

• An object is __________ if it __________.• _____________ depends on ___________• If the objects ______ is _________ the liquid’s

__________, the object will _______.• Ocean water has dissolved salt in it, therefore

ocean water is ___________ than fresh water.• Lesson Checkpoint page 347 (1 and 2)

buoyant floats

buoyancy density

density Less thandensity float

More dense

Atoms

• ______ - the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of the element.

• Atoms are too small to be seen even with a __________.

• The properties of an element determine how an element can _______with other elements.

• _________ - the center of an atom

atom

microscope

combine

nucleus

Parts of an atom

• The nucleus has both the _______ and ______• ________ - has no electrical charge• ________ - has a positive charge• ________ - have a negative charge and move

around the ________ and _________• Electrons may ____or ______ electrons or be

________ between ______• Elements are organized in the _____________

neutrons protons

neutron

proton

electronsneutrons protons

join leave

shared atoms

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

• Elements are arranged in each _____ according to the number of _______

• ______atoms are on the ________ side of each row.

• The _________ of the table are arranged so that the elements of each column have similar _______________

• ___________ - last column on the right

row

protons

larger right

columns

Chemical properties

Noble Gases

Molecules

• Every element has a symbol of one, two, or three ______

• ___________ - the smallest particle of a substance that has the properties of that substance.

• In some molecules , atoms _____ electrons – these atoms are _________ together.

• ____ is a mixture of several different molecules of gases – Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carb

letters

Molecule

sharebonded

air

Compounds

• __________ - type of matter made up of _________ of elements

• Every ________ of a _________ has the same combination of _________

• Every water ________ has the same three ____• ___________of compounds are different than

the properties of the ________ that make them up

compoundscombination

molecule compoundelements

moleculeatoms

propertieselements

Phases of Matter

• Phases of matter include: ________, ________, ____, and _________

• The phase of matter is due to the _______ and __________ of its particles.

• State of matter = _____________

solidliquid gas

motionarrangement

Physical property

plasma

Solids / Liquids

• Solids have a definite __________ and ___________

• The particles of a solid ________ in place.• Particles of solids are _______________• __________ do not have their own ______ -

they take on the shape of their container• Particles in liquids can ______ and _______ past

each other• Liquids have a definite __________

shapevolume

vibrateVery close together

liquids shape

move flow

volume

Freezing and Melting

• ____________ and ___________ are physical properties

• A material _________ at the same temperature that it ______

• Freezing point is _________ for different materials.

• __________ does not change for any particular material unless something is added to it.

Freezing point Melting point

Freezes melts

different

Freezing point

Properties of Freezing and Melting

• Materials change _____ when they change ____________

• The ______a material gets, the _______ its particles move.

• When materials are heated they ________ - particles move further apart.

• When materials are cooled, they ________ and have less space between the particles

size

temperatures

hotter faster

expand

contract

Gases

• Particles of gases are __________• Gases in a container will spread out to ___ the

container• Gases do not have a definite _______ or

_______• ____________ - temperature at which a liquid

becomes a gas - ____________• Boiling point for a substance does not change

Far apart

fill

shape

volume

Boiling point

Physical property

Plasma

• No definite shape or volume• Some properties of gases• Particles that make up plasma have electrical

charges – plasma ______________• Plasmas are found in:– _________– _____– ______________

Conducts electricity

Lightning

fireFluorescent lights

Condensation

• __________ - gas changes to a liquid• Condensation occurs when gases are _______• Particles ___________ and begin to _______

each other to form ___________

condensation

cooled

Slow down attractdroplets

Mixtures and Solutions

• ________ - materials that are placed together but are not bonded to form a ________

• Materials in a mixture keep their own _________

• Materials in mixtures can be ________ because they have different properties.

• ________ - a mixture in which substances are spread out evenly and will not settle

mixture

compound

properties

separated

solution

Solute / Solvent

• _______ - the substance in a solution that __________

• ________ - the substance in which the solute is being dissolved.

• Water = _______________• When particles of a ________ dissolve,

individual particles spread throughout the ________

solute

dissolves

solvent

Universal Solvent

solute

solvent

Solubility

• Two liquids can make a ________• A _____ can dissolve in a liquid – example

dissolved oxygen in the river and creek water that we tested!!!

• _________ - a property of a substance that indicates how much of a substance can be dissolved by a ________ at a certain ____________.

solution

gas

solubility

solvent

temperature

Saturated / Concentrated / Dilute

• _________ - a solution that contains all the solute that can be dissolved without changing the __________

• _________ - solution has so much solute that it is relatively close to being _________

• _________ - solution is far from being ________

saturated

temperature

concentrationsaturated

dilute

saturated