Matter and Energy Objectives: Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance Describe four...
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Matter and EnergyObjectives:
Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance
Describe four common states of matter and how particles behave in each state
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Building Blocks of Matter•Atom – smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. Neutral charge
•Element – a pure substance made of only one kind of atom
•Compound – a substance that is made of the atoms from two or more elements that are chemically combined
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Classification of MatterPure substance – composed of one kind of atom or molecule
•has a fixed composition•has the same physical and chemical properties throughout
Mixture – a blend of two or more kinds of matter
•Can be physically separated. Methods include: centrifugation, distillation,
filtration, and magnets.
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Heterogeneous – NOT uniform throughout and will show Tyndall Effect (scattering of light due to particles in a solution)
oSuspension - Particles are suspended in a fluid that will settle out
Homogeneous – uniform in composition throughout
oSolution - one or more substances (the solutes) dissolved in another substance (the solvent)oColloid - Particles suspended in a liquid that do not settle out. Can also exhibit Tyndall Effect
Mixtures
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States of Matter
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SolidHave a definite shape and volumeParticles have strong attractive force, but still vibrateTwo types Crystalline – orderly
arrangement of atoms Amorphous – no particular order
or arrangement of atoms
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LiquidHave a definite volume but not a definite shapeParticles move fast enough to overcome forces of attractionSurface tension – force between particles at the surface that cause spherical shapes
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Gas
Does NOT have definite volume or shapeParticles moves fast enough to break away from each other
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Plasma
Does NOT have a definite shape or volumeParticle are broken apart (electrons have been stripped off)Conduct electric currentExamples?
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Energy & Change of State
Depo
sition
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Changes of StateMelting point – Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquidFreezing point – Temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid
Boiling point – Temperature at which a liquid changes to a gasCondensation point – Temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid
Same Temp.
Same Temp.
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Phase TransitionsMelting: change of a solid to a liquid.Freezing: change a liquid to a solid.Vaporization: change of a liquid to a gas. Condensation: change of a gas to a liquid. Sublimation : Change of solid to gasDeposition: Change of a gas to a solid.
H2O(s) H2O(l)
H2O(l) H2O(s)
H2O(l) H2O(g)
H2O(g) H2O(l)
H2O(s) H2O(g)
H2O(g) H2O(s)
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Phase changes by Name
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Energy & Change of State
Reactions/Changes can be: Endothermic – requires energy orExothermic – produces energy
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Water phase changes
Temperature remains constant during a phase change.
Energy
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Which of the following is a physical change?
burning gaso
line
cookin
g an egg
decomposin
g meat
evaporating w
ater
rusti
ng iron
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. burning gasoline2. cooking an egg3. decomposing meat4. evaporating water5. rusting iron
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Which of these is an element?
Water
Nitric
acid W
ood Si
lver Brass
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. Water2. Nitric acid3. Wood4. Silver5. Brass
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Which of the following is an incorrect description?
A homogeneous m
ixture.
A heterogeneous c
omp...
A solid
element.
A mixt
ure of solid
s.
A solution of g
ases.
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. A homogeneous mixture.2. A heterogeneous
compound.3. A solid element.4. A mixture of solids.5. A solution of gases.
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This is the process shown by the arrow.
Melting
Freezi
ng
Evaporation
Condensation
Sublim
ation
Deposition
0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
1. Melting2. Freezing3. Evaporation4. Condensation5. Sublimation6. Deposition
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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This is the process shown by the arrow.
Melting
Freezi
ng
Evaporation
Condensation
Sublim
ation
Deposition
0% 0% 0%0%0%0%
1. Melting2. Freezing3. Evaporation4. Condensation5. Sublimation6. Deposition
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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This is the classification of glass.
Homogeneous mixture
Heteroge
neous mixt
ure
Element
Pure substa
nce
Colloid
0% 0% 0%0%0%
1. Homogeneous mixture2. Heterogeneous mixture3. Element4. Pure substance5. Colloid
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