Matter and Change

Describing Matter

Properties of Matter

• Extensive properties- dependent on the amount of matter present in a sample ex mass, volume, length

• Intensive properties- dependent on the type of material, not the amount ex hardness, boiling point/melting point, density

Classifying Matter

• Substance- matter that has uniform and definite composition

o Physical property- can be observed and measured in and of itself. Does not need to interact with another substance ex: color, hardness, conductivity, malleability

o Chemical property- determined by its interaction with other substances ex: corrosive, combustible, flammable, reactive

States of Matter

• Solid- definite shape and volume. Particles tightly packed together and, incompressible

• Liquids- Definite volume, but take shape of container. Particles close together, almost incompressible

• Gases- no definite shape or volume. Particles spaced far apart, and therefore very compressible

Changes in Matter

• Physical change- some properties are changed, but the composition is not. What you begin with is what you end with. Phase changes are physical changes.

• Chemical change- the composition is always changed. This occurs in a chemical reaction. You start with the reactants and end with the products. The reactants are very different from the products.

Indicators of Chemical change

• Transfer of energy• Change in color• Productions of a gas• Production of a precipitate. Precipitate is a

solid that forms and settle out of a liquid mixture

• Law of Conservation of Mass- mass is conserved in changes of matter

Mixtures

• Mixture- a physical blended of two or more components

o Homogeneous- composition is uniform ex Kool Aid, window cleaner, detergents, air. Also called solutions

o Heterogeneous- Not uniform in composition. Italian dressing, soil, wood

Separating Mixtures

• Filtration- solids from liquids using a filter• Distillation- liquids separate based on the

boiling points• Physical means- using your hands, magnets,

etc to separate

Elements and Compounds

• Element- simplest form of matter. 92 naturally occurring. Can be found on the periodic table of elements.

• Compound- two or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion. Can be expressed with chemical formula. H2O- two hydrogens, one oxygen

Matter Flow Chart