Matter

“STUFF”

Matter

What is Matter?

Matter is anything that has both mass and volume.

Mass is a measurement of the amount of “stuff” in an object.

Volume is a measurement of the quantity of space that an object occupies.

Note: Weight is not the same thing as mass. Weight is the force of gravity on an object.

What is Matter Made of?

All matter is made up of atoms.An atom is the smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element.

All of the known elements can be found on the Periodic Table.

Atoms are combined in various ways to make up all of the different kinds of matter.

Pure Substances

A pure substance contains only one kind of particle. A pure substance has a set of definite physical and chemical properties.

Types of pure substances:An element has only one kind of atom.A compound is made by combining

atoms of 2 or more different elements. Compounds can be broken down into elements.

Pure Substances

Element composed of identical atoms EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

Pure Substances

Compound composed of 2 or more elements

in a fixed ratio

properties differ from those of individual elements

EX: table salt (NaCl)


Mixtures

A mixture is the combination of two or more substances that remain chemically separate.

A homogeneous mixture is a combination that is uniform in composition and appearance.

A heterogeneous mixture is uneven in composition and appearance. A heterogeneous mixture can usually be visibly identified as a mixture.

Mixtures

Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.

Heterogeneous Homogeneous


Mixtures

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

•does not blend smoothly•multiple substances can be seen

•has a uniform composition•also called a solution

Mixtures

Solutiono homogeneouso very small particleso no Tyndall effecto particles don’t settleo EX: rubbing alcohol

o Tyndall effect = light is scattered as it passes through (appears cloudy)

Tyndall Effect


Mixtures

Colloidheterogeneousmedium-sized particlesTyndall effectparticles don’t settleEX: milk


Mixtures

Suspension heterogeneous large particles Tyndall effect particles settle EX: fresh-squeezed

lemonade


Mixtures

Examples: mayonnaise

muddy water

fog

saltwater Italian salad

dressing

colloid

suspension

colloid

solution

suspension


MATTER

Can it be physically separated?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

Colloids Suspensions


Physical Properties

A physical property of a substance is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical makeup of a substance.

Physical properties include:color odor

density viscosity

hardness malleability

melting point electrical conductivity

boiling point slipperiness

Extensive vs. IntensiveProperties

Depend on amount of substance present mass length volume

Independent of amount of substance density boiling point melting point

States of Matter

Solid – definite shape and volumeLiquid – constant volume but shapes

changes with the containerGas – takes shape of container and

fills the entire volume of the containerPlasma – ionized, highly reactive gas

Chemical Properties

A chemical property is a characteristic of matter that describes the ability of a substance to change (or not change) composition when in contact with other substances.

Examples of chemical properties include:burns in air is toxicexplodes decomposes when heatedreacts with certain acidsreacts with certain metals

Matter

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