1. ac - adGlossary TERMS DEFINITIONS EXAMPLES accuracy How close the result of a measuring comes3.14 is a fairly accurateestimation of . to the true value.acute angle An angle measuring less than 90.90350acute-angled A triangle in which all angles measure less75trianglethan 90. 30 75add (+) To join together.If you add together thenumber of cows, there are 3. addition The operation of finding the total or sum of Adding 15 and 6 we reach a two or more numbers to make one number.total (sum) of 21.15 + 6 = 21 The result is called the sum or total.addition law of A method for finding the likelihood that Addition rule for mutuallyexclusive events (either not probability either or both of two events occur.both):P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)Addition rule for non exclusiveevents:P(A or B)= P(A) + P(B) P(A and B) adjacent Immediately next to. The Danihers live adjacent tothe Bourkes. Church De Castella's Daniher's Bourkes house house house adjacent angles Two angles that have a common side and a ABC is adjacent to CBD. common vertex but have no interior points. A CBDpage 359 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary

2. ad - an adjacent sides Sides immediately next to each other in a Sides a and b are adjacent to shape.each other. a balgebra A branch of Mathematics where numbers x + x = 6, so x equals 3 are represented by letters or symbols, called 3 = 12, so equals 36pronumerals or variables.alternate exterior Angles in the opposite, outside corners116 angleswhen a transversal crosses a set of parallel lines. Alternate exterior angles are equal.116 alternate interior Angles in the opposite, inside corners when One set of alternate interior a transversal crosses a set of parallel lines.angles measure 64, the anglesothers are marked and Alternate interior angles are equal.measure 116. 6464 altitude Height above sea level. The plane flies at an altitude of 10 000 metres. am (ante meridiem) The time from midnight to midday (morning). analogue clock A clock or watch that has rotating hands and shows 12 hour time.angle The amount of turning between two straight lines that are fixed at a point. An angle is measured in degrees. angle at the centre An angle with the corner in the centre of a of a circle circle.x page 360www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 3. An angle with the corner on the an - as angle at the x circumference of a circumference of a circle. circleangle (theta) (theta) is a letter of the Greek alphabetoften used to label an angle in trigonometry. annual Happening once a year. Y N E W YEPP HAAR annual interest rate The percentage of the principal you earn or If you deposit $100 into apay each year. The principal is an amount ofsavings account that pays 4%interest rate per year, then youmoney that is deposited or borrowed.earn $4 in interest that year. anticlockwise Moving in the opposite direction to thehands on a clock. approximate Very close to the actual size.If you have $24.85 in your To estimate by rounding off.wallet, you can say you haveapproximately $25.00.arc of a circle A section of the circumference of a circle.It can be measured by the size of the angle atits centre or by the length of the arc itself.x area The amount of surface covered by a 2D The area of a rectangle isshape.calculated by multiplyinglength (l) by width (w): Area is measured in square units, e.g.A = lwsquare centimetres (cm 2) or square =42metres (m 2). =8Area = 8 square units 2 units4 units ascending order Arranged from smallest to largest.3, 5 and 7 are in ascending Becoming larger, greater or higher. order. page 361 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 4. associative property Rule: When adding or multiplying, no as - ba a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c of addition and multiplication matter how the numbers are grouped, the1 + (3 + 4) = (1 + 3) + 4 8=8answers will always be the same. a (b c) = (a b) c 1 (3 4) = (1 3) 4 12 = 12 average Or mean, is the total of all scores divided by The average of 5, 7 and 9 is 7.how many scores there are. 5 + 7 + 9 = 21 and 21 3 = 7 The number that could be used to replace So 7 + 7 + 7 = 21every number in a set of numbers withoutchanging the total sum for the set.average speed See speed.axis of symmetry (pl. axes) See line of symmetry. Axis of symmetry back-to-back stem A diagram displaying data by place value.Data A: 5, 18, 18, 19, 19, 21 and leaf plot See stem-and-leaf plot.Data B: 5, 17, 17, 18, 20, 21, 30, B Stem A50 58 7 71 8 8 9 91 02 103backwards Away from your front. In reverse of the usual way. balance(money) The amount of money remaining in a bank The bank account containedaccount after all transactions have been $32. After $12 was withdrawn the balance of the accountcompleted. was $20. bar graph A graph using columns to show quantities Camping is the favouriteor numbers so they can be easily compared. holiday. Favourite 100HolidayNumber of people7550250h ingg ing Type ac iin Be mpSkanCa rav Ca page 362 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 5. base A line or surface on which a figure stands. ba - bi b basebase income (money) The gross income, for a specified period of time, that does not include bonus or overtime income. base of a The base (b) of a parallelogram is the h parallelogram length of any of its sides.bhb base of a triangle The base (b) of a triangle is the length of any of its sides.h bb h bhbasic numeral Numbers written in their simplest form.9 and 1.8are basic numerals. Whole numbers and decimal numbers are basic numerals.5 48 , 35%, 7 and 12 Fractions, percentages, powers, square are not basic numerals. roots, etc. are not basic numerals because an operation can be performed to simplify them.between At a place bounded by two or more places.The child isbetween herparents.bi (or di) Prefix meaning two.A bicycle has 2 wheels. binomial A polynomial with two terms. a + 3b, 3gh 2g, x 2 + 3xare all binomials. binomial factors Binomials written as a product. Some binomial factor trinomial quadratic trinomials are the product of two(x + 2) (x + 1) = x 2 + 3x + 2 binomial factors.binomial factor page 363 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 6. bisect To split into two equal parts. AM MBbi - ca A MB BODMAS The order of operations rule - See Order of operationsBrackets, Orders (Powers and square roots),Division, Multiplication, Addition andSubtraction. box-and-whisker plot A graph that shows the distribution of a setwhisker box whisker of data. It displays the median, upper quartile, lowerquartile, maximum and minimum values.Data set of 16 elements:{1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9}interquartile range IQR = UQ LQIQR = UQ LQ lower quartile upperquartile = 8 2.5= 8 2.5 LQ = 2.5median = 5= UQ = 8 5.5= 5.5median of the lower halfmedian of the upper half minimum value1 22288 maximum value34446888 990 1 23 4 5 6 78 9 brackets ( ) A pair of symbols used to enclose a(12 4) 2 = 4mathematical expression. Brackets group 12 take away 4. calculate To work something out. 3 + 5 + 6 = 14 calendar A time chart that tells us what day, week,month and year it is.calibration A mark on a scale. 0 12 cancel To strike out an equal term on each side ofx 3 = 6 cancel 3 byan equation. adding 3 to both sides of the equation x3+3=6+3 3 + 3 = 0 x=9page 364 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 7. capacity Or volume, is the measure of the amount of ca - co A jug has capacity because it liquid a container can hold.can hold liquid, a brick does not.L 00m 10 L0m50 Cartesian plane See coordinate plane.chance The likelihood that a particular result orThe chance of rolling a 2 with outcome will occur. a standard die is 1 in 6. chord A line segment on the interior of a circle. A chord has both end points on the circumference of the circle. chordclosest Nearest to. The son is closest to the mother. co-interior angles Angles in the adjacent corners when a transversal crosses a set of parallel lines.116 Co-interior angles add to 180.64coefficient The number which multiplies a variable. 3 is the coefficient of 3x 6 is the coefficient of 6y 4 Netball: Aust v NZ column A vertical line of data in a table. NZ ShootingActual Success Quarters chances goals%1st99 1002nd141392.853rd232086.954th181794.44 combinations A selection of objects from a collection. A class committee is a Order is irrelevant.combination of 2 boys and 2 girls chosen from a total of 12 boys and 15 girls.commission(money) The pay or percentage paid to an agent. 5% of the sale price of $100 000 goes to the agent in commission. The agent gets $5000. page 365 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 8. common factorco - co A whole number that is a factor of two orThe common factors of 18 andmore non-zero whole numbers. 24 are 1, 2, 3 and 6.common multiple A whole number that is a multiple of two orThe common multiples of 5more non-zero whole numbers. and 6 are 30, 60, 90, .....commutative Rule: When adding or multiplying, noa+b = b+a1+3 = 3+1 property matter how the numbers are ordered, the4 = 4 (of addition and multiplication) answers will always be the same.ab = ba 34 = 34 12 = 12compass An instrument that shows direction.N N N WN EW NE S SWE SS complement of an An angle that, when added to the first 75 is the complement of 15, angleangle, makes a right angle (or 90 in total).because 75 + 15 = 9015 75 complement of a set The elements not contained in a given set = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} () but contained in the universal set (). E = {2, 4, 6, 8} The complement of set E is E. E = {0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9} 57 E3 0 84 1 2 6 9E complementary The opposite of an event. The set of all The event is to roll a die and event ()outcomes that are not included in the event. R = {2, 4} is the result. The complement of event R is R. R = {1, 3, 5, 6} 5 R34 1 2 6R compound interest Interest calculated, not only on the originalInterest calculated grows theprincipal, but also on the interest that has principal amount which in turn grows the interestbeen added at the end of each pay period.calculated. cone A solid with one circular base and one vertexvertex. base page 366 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 9. congruent shapes Have exactly the same size and shape. co - co Triangles ABC and DEF are congruent. C F EDAB Sides Corresponding sides arecongruent:AB DE, BC EF, AC DFAngles Corresponding anglesare congruent:A D, B E, C Fcongruence tests for Methods used to determine if triangles are trianglesthe same shape and size. side 3 1. Side-side-sideIf two triangles have:2 side e11(SSS) three pairs of sides the same lengthsid sideside 2then the triangles are congruent. side 32. Side-angle-side If two triangles have:a1(SAS) two pairs of sides the same length ands1 s1s2the angle formed by the two sides is the samea1then the triangles are congruent. s23. Angle-side-angleIf two triangles have:(ASA) two pairs of angles the same and a1sidethe pair of sides which are in between the two a2a1 a2angles the same lengthsidethen the triangles are congruent. 4. Right angle-If two right-angled triangles have:hypotenuse-side their hypotenuses and a pair of sides the(RHS) same lengththen the triangles are congruent.consecutive numbers Numbers that follow each other. 4 and 5 are consecutive numbers. 4 5 constant term A term that has a fixed value and does not Opposite to a variable.contain a variable.In y = x + 5 5 is constant x and y are variables. The speed of light in a vacuum (c) is a constant.c = 299 792 458 m/s conversion factor The amount that you multiply or divide a 1 m = 100 cmnumber by to change it to a different unit ofThe conversion factor for changing metres tomeasurement. centimetres is 100.page 367 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 10. convert Change from a unit to another. co - coFive $20 notes can beconverted to a $100 bill. coordinate plane A plane divided into four quadrants YQuadrant 2Quadrant 1 by a horizontal line called the x-axis and a Coordinate 3 vertical line called the y-axis. (3,2) 21X3 21 1 2 3 1 (0,0)Origin 23Quadrant 3Quadrant 4coordinates An ordered pair of numbers that locate a (4,2) are the coordinates of a point on a coordinate plane. point located 4 units to theright and 2 units upward from The first number tells you how far from thethe origin (0,0). origin to move along the x-axis. The secondy-axis tells you how far from the origin to move 3 along the y-axis.(4,2) 2 They are written in brackets with a comma 1 in between. 0x-axis 0 1 23 4corresponding angles Angles in the matching corners when a 64transversal crosses a set of parallel lines. Corresponding angles are equal.64 corresponding sides Two sides that are situated the same way in AC corresponds to HIdifferent objects. A BIC GH cosine A trigonometric function.cos =A dja cent In a right-angled triangle, the cosine of anH ypotenuseacute angle is the ratio of the length of the opposite sideetenus side adjacent to the angle, to the length of thehypo hypotenuse. adjacent side counting number Any of the whole numbers from zero 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5...... onwards. are counting numbers. page 368www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 11. cross multiply To simplify a proportion, written as twoa:b= c:d cr - deequal fractions OR a = cb d To multiply each numerator by thead = bc denominator of the fraction across from it. ad = bccross-section The shape of the face that results when anrectangle object is cut through. cross simplify To divide the diagonal numbers (when 3 4 1 23 8 3 83 8 2 multiplying two fractions) by the same = = =4 9 4 4 9 3 4 9 3 number to reduce their value before 1 3multiplying.cube A solid with six identical square faces.cubed A number cubed is the third power of the 5 cubed = 5 3 = 5 5 5 = 125 number.cubic unit A unit of volume expressed in cubic form.The volume of a solid ismeasured in the appropriatecubic units, e.g. cm 3 or m 3. cylinder A solid with two parallel circular bases of the same size.bases data Collection of information that can include HOSPITAL EMERGENCIES (MAY) Number of days facts, numbers or measurements. 0 12 3 4 56Number of emergencies day A unit of time equal to 24 hours.A day starts and ends atmidnight. daylight saving time Use of fictitious time in the summer months During daylight saving clocksthat prolongs light in the evening hours. are one hour ahead of realtime. deca Prefix meaning ten.Decathlon is an athleticscontest with ten events. page 369 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 12. de - de decade A unit of time equal to 10 years.2000 to 2009 make a decade.decagon A shape with 10 sides. decimal number A number based on the ten place valueThe decimal number 4.3 system where a decimal point separates the represents:4 - ones units and tenths.3 - tenthsOR 4 and 3 tenths. decimal placethousandths 7 is in the tenths place. hundredths6 is in the hundredths place.tenthsunits3 is in the thousandths place. 0 763decimal point (.) A point that separates the units and tenths in 2.5 is a decimal number a decimal number.where the 2 and the 5 areseparated by a decimal point. decrease To make smaller. 8 must decrease by 5 tobecome 3. deduct To take away.If you deduct 1 from 3 thereare 2 left.31=2 degree () A unit used to measure the amount of turnAngle measures 45. in an angle. 45 degrees Celsius (C) A unit used to measure temperature. The thermometer shows 14C. 10C 5C 10C15C 20C25C0C5C denominator The number below the fraction bar in a Considering fifths, 5 parts fraction.would make a whole. 3 The number of equal parts in one whole.denominator5deposit(money) To pay an amount of money into a bankA deposit of $15 into a bank account. account with a balance of $25will increase the accountbalance to $40.page 370 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 13. descending order Arranged from largest to smallest. de- di 8, 6 and 2 are in descending Becoming smaller, lesser or lower.order. diagonal A straight line inside a polygon joining any o nal two vertices that are not next to each other.diagdiameter of a circle A segment that passes through the centre of a circle and has both endpoints on the circle.diameter The diameter of a circle is twice the length of its radius. centre die (pl. dice) A numbered cube that is used in games. A standard die has 1 to 6 pips (dots) on each face with opposite faces adding to 7. difference The result when a number is subtractedThe difference between 5 and from another number.3 is 2. 53=2 The amount by which one number is bigger or smaller than another number. digit Any of the first ten whole numbers from There are 10 digits: 0 to 9. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9. digit sum The sum of the digits in a number.124 has a digit sum of 7. 1+2+4=7digital clock A clock that uses only numbers to show the time. (No hands!)dimension A measure of size. A two-dimensional shape (2D shape) has 2D shape w length and width. l A three-dimensional shape (3D shape) has h length, width and height.3D shape w l direction The way something is placed, pointing orNorth, east, south, west, up, moving. down, sideways, backwards and forwards. N WESpage 371www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 14. disc The union of a circle and its interior. di - diThe cross section of a sphereis always a disc. discount(money) An amount subtracted from the regularWhen $80 track shoes are on price of an item to get the sale price.sale at 25% off discount = 25% of $80 = $20.disjoint sets Sets with no common elements between Sets O and E are disjoint sets. them.0E2O 4 613 58 9 7distance The length between two points. The distance between the fishis 3 metres.3mdistribution To multiply out parts of an expression. TheSee distributive property. opposite to factorisation. How objects are spaced.distributive property Rule: You can multiply a sum (or a a(b + c) = ab + ac2 (4 + 3) = 2 4 + 2 3 (of multiplication difference) by multiplying the number 14 = 14 over addition and subtraction) outside the brackets by each term of the suma(b c) = ab ac(or the difference).2 (4 3) = 2 4 2 3 2=2 divide () To share into groups.These 6 cows are divided into2 groups. dividend The first number written in a division. It isIn the division: the number being divided. In a fraction the144 9 = 16the number 144 is called the dividend is the numerator. dividend. divisible Can be divided without a remainder.20 2 = 10 with 0 remainder.So 20 is divisible by 2 and 10. page 372 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 15. divisibility tests Checks performed to help find the factors di - do of a number. Divisibility tests (factor tricks)Examples 2 is a factor of all even numbers. Numbers that end with 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8, e.g. 754, 120 3 is a factor of all numbers with a digit sum that is divisible by 3.252 has 3 as a factor because 2 + 5 + 2 = 9 and 9 is divisible by 3. 4 is a factor of all numbers where the last two digits are divisible by 4. 1532 has 4 as a factor because 32 is divisible by 4. 5 is a factor of all numbers whose last digit is a 5 or a 0. 120 and 4935 both have 5 as a factor. 6 is a factor of all numbers that have both 2 and 3 as factors.102 has 6 as a factor because 2 and 3 are both factors. 9 is a factor of all numbers with a digit sum that is divisible by 9.1764 has 9 as a factor because 1 + 7 + 6 + 4 = 18 and 18 is divisible by 9. For 11 to be a factor of a number, the difference between the sum of the even 81 917 has 11 as a factorbecause 1 + 1 = 2placed digits and the sum of the odd placed digits must be divisible by 11. 8 + 9 + 7 = 24 and 24 2 = 22 which is divisible by 11. For 10, 100, 1000 .... to be a factor of a number, that number must end in 270 has 10 as a factor, 1400 has 100 as a factorone 0 or two 0's or three 0's, etc. etc. division The operation of sharing or grouping a The division 6 2 = 3 means:number into equal parts. How many groups of 2 can 6 be divided into? OR How many groups of 2 can be taken from 6 before none remain? 3 groups of 2.divisor The second number written in a division. 84=2OR 8 =2 It is the number that will divide thedivisor 4dividend.In a fraction the divisor is the denominator.dodecahedron A regular solid in which all twelve faces areregular pentagons. page 373www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 16. dot plot do - en A graph showing the frequency of data, A dot plot showing howusing a number line. many hours are dedicated to sport by 12 people. The number line has all the numbers in thesample. Each observation is marked with apoint above the line.1 23456 Hours playing sport double Twice as much. Double 4 is: Multiplied by two. 4 + 4 = 8 OR 4 2 = 8. double bar graph A bar graph that shows two sets of data on Officially Spoken Languages 0200 400 600 800 1000 1200the same graph.CHINESESpeakersSPANISH(millions) ARABIC ENGLISH FRENCHCountries10 20 30 4050 60east A compass direction. The sun rises in the east. E edges of a solid The segment (line part) where two faces of A rectangular prism has 12a solid meet.edges.faceedgefaceeighth The position after seventh.1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th 7th, 8th...... elapsed time The amount of time between the start timeThe amount of elapsed timeand the finish time. from 2:15 pm to 3:00 pm is 45 minutes. element A number, letter, point, line, or any otherThe elements of the set {a, b, c}object contained in a set. are the letters a, b and c.ellipse A curved shape that looks like a squashedThe approximate orbit of thecircle.Earth around the Sun is an ellipse.enlargement To reproduce and make bigger.The second object is anSee enlargement factor.enlargement of the first. page 374www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 17. eq - ev equal (=) Exactly the same in value or size. 100 centimetres is equal to 1 metre: 100 cm = 1 m equal sets The elements of the sets are identical.A = {1, 2, 3, 4}Order does not matter. B = {4, 3, 2, 1} A=B equation A mathematical sentence formed by placing62=9+3an equals sign (=) between two expressions.4x 5 = 0 2y 2 2 = 0 are examples of equations.equilateral triangle A triangle with all three sides of equallength. 3 cm 3 cm 3 cm equivalent fractions Fractions that represent the same number. 2 and 8 are equivalent 16641 fractions. They both equal 8 .error The variation of a measurement. It may beMy measuring may be off bycontributed to by the precision of the 1%! instrument or the accuracy of the measuredvalue.See relative error.estimate To make a close guess based on rounding. 48 + 21 = ? By rounding to 50 + 20, the estimation of the sum is 70. Eulers formula In any polyhedra: The number of faces +faces + vertices edges = 2 Cube: 6 + 8 12 = 2 (pronounced - oiler) the number of vertices the number of edges2 = 2 (true)=2vertex F+VE=2OR E=F+V2edgefaces evaluate To work out the value. Evaluate: 7 3 10 = 21 10= 11 even numbers A whole number that can be divided by two. 134 is an even number. Even numbers end with 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.134 431 is not an even number.431 page 375 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 18. event A set of possible outcomes resulting from a ev - faA die is rolled - particular experiment. Event = {5, 6}i.e. either a 5 or a 6 may result Any subset of a sample space. expand To multiply out parts of an expression Using a = 1, b = 4, c = 3, thereby removing the brackets. a(b + c) = ab + ac1 (4 + 3) = 1 4 + 1 3=7expense(money) The cost involved. You buy 3 CDs at $15 each.Your expense is $45. experiment A controlled, repeatable process carried out Tossing a coin is an in the study of probability. experiment.exponent A number placed to the upper right of a7 4 = 7 7 7 7 = 2401 base number, showing how many times theThe exponent is 4. It is readas seven to the power of base number is multiplied by itself. four. exponential notation Quantities in the form of a base number and 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 can bean exponent. Exponential notation indicates more easily written usingexponential notation as 3 7.what power is to be used and makes it easierto use multiple factors.expression A sequence of numbers and/or pronumerals 42 3 10are examples (letters) connected by operation signs.x + 2yof expressions2x 2 2 exterior angle An angle that is the supplement of an Exterior angleinterior angle of any polygon. faces of a solid Polygons that join on their edges to form a A rectangular prism has solid.6 rectangular faces. face edge...... face factor When whole numbers, other than zero, areBecause1 12 = 12 multiplied together, each number is a factor 2 6 = 12 and3 4 = 12 of the product. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 are all OR A whole number that divides exactlyfactors of 12. into another number. See divisibility tests.page 376www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 19. factor of The amount by which an object is madeThe enlargement factor is 3. fa- fo enlargement bigger. factor of reduction The amount by which an object is madeThe reduction factor is 3.smaller.factor tree A diagram that shows all possible factors on The prime factors of 12 arethe different branches of a tree. It is used to2 and 3.12find the prime factors of a number. = 2 6= 2 2 3factorial (!) The product of a whole number multiplied n! = n(n 1)(n 2) ..... 1by every number between itself and 1.5! = 5(5 1)(5 2)(5 3)(5 4)=54321= 120 factorise To write a number as a product of itsFactorise:factors. 3x + 15 = 3(x + 5) because 3 = 3 1 To write an expression as a product of two and 15 = 3 5or more expressions. favourable outcome The result that you are hoping or testing for. A die is rolled. Event = {numbers >2} Fav. outcomes = {3,4,5,6} fifth The position after fourth.1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th......finite With limits. Able to be counted.There are a finite number (12)of months in the year.first Placed before anything else. The first athlete to cross the finish line won the gold medal.flip To turn across a line so the result is a mirrorimage. See reflection. formula (pl. formulae) A mathematical rule, usually Find the area of a circle ofan equation, describing a relationshipradius 10 cm, using 3.14 between two or more quantities. Use the formula A = r 2 andFor example, the formula describing the areasubstitute r = 10A = 3.14 10 2of a circle is A = r 2 where A is the symbol = 3.14 100for the area, r is the symbol for the radius. = 314 cm 2 page 377www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 20. fortnight A unit of time equal to 2 whole weeks or fo - ge 14 days. forwards In the direction of your front. The usual way. fourth The position after third.1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...... fraction Part of a group. 5 out of 8 dots are circled. Part of a whole.5 a 8 A number in the form b (b 0) where a is the numerator and b is the denominator.1 half of a whole orange. Fractions can be proper fractions or1improper fractions.2 frequency (f ) How often a particular item occurs in a setThe frequency of as in the set of data. {m, a, t, h, s, m, a, t, e} is 2. TRAFFIC SURVEYVehicleTally Frequencycar8 truck 1bus2 The most frequent vehicle topass by was a car. frequency table Lists items and uses tallies to show the Number of household phones for the class number of times each event or categoryNo. of phones TallyFrequency occurs for a set of data. 1 6 2 3 3 5 front view What you see of an object looking from a frontal perspective. Three-dimensional objects have 3 views: front, top and side. front function (f ) A relationship or correspondence in whichf(x) = x 2 4 or values of one variable determine the valuesy = x2 4See rule, linear function and of another. f(x) = rule or y = rule. quadratic function. geometry A branch of Mathematics studying the properties and relations of lines, surfaces and solids.page 378www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 21. gradient of a line An indication of slope determined by the If we have a straight line gr- gr vertical rise of a line (the change in the y-axisy = mx + c then the gradient of the line is m (the coefficient ofvalue) and the horizontal run of the line (the x).change in the x-axis value). Y5 4 3 rise = 42 1 run = 2 X 123 (0,0) Origin rise change i n y G r adi ent = =run change i n x4 = =22gram (g) A unit of measurement for mass equal to250 g of butter.1000 milligrams. 250graph A diagram that shows a collection of data. Homework time70 Time (minutes)605040302010 0 MonTues Wed ThursDaygraph of a function The picture obtained by plotting all the Y 5points of the rule.43 y=x+1 21 X12 3 (0,0) Origin greater than (>) An inequality symbol showing which is10 > 2bigger.means 10 is greater than 2.grid reference A pair of letters and/or numbers thatThe grid reference for the balldescribe location within a grid. See alsois D3. coordinates. 4 D3 321 ABC D Epage 379 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 22. GST An abbreviation for the Goods and Services gs - he(money) The standard GST in Australia isTax which is applied to certain purchases at a10%. If the price of an item is$150 excluding GST then itsdesignated rate.GST inclusive price would be$165. half (pl. halves) One of two equal parts One half is one of 2 parts ofexpressed as a fraction.one whole pizza: hectare (ha) A unit of area equal to 10 000 square The field measures 2 hectares.metres (100 m 100 m). hedron (pl. hedra) Face. Polyhedron - A solid objectthat has multiple (poly) faces. height The vertical distance from top to bottom.76 m height of a triangle The height (h) is the perpendicular distance vertexbetween the base (b) and the vertex opposite hthat side. bhemisphere One half of a sphere. Ohepta Prefix meaning seven. See heptagon heptagon A polygon with 7 sides.HeptagonRegular heptagonhexa Prefix meaning six. See hexagon hexagon A polygon with 6 sides. Hexagon Regular hexagonpage 380 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 23. he - hu hexagonal prism A three-dimensional shape. Two identical bases are hexagons. Six faces are rectangles.hexagonal pyramid A three-dimensional shape. The base is a hexagon. Six faces are triangles.hexahedron A regular solid. Six faces are square (cube).highest common The largest number that is a factor of all theFactors of 12: given numbers.1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 factor (HCF)Factors of 30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30 12 and 30 have a HCF of 6. histogram A vertical bar graph used to represent the 12 European UnionCities with population >1,000,000 Number of cities frequency of individual scores.10 8 6 4 2 0 1-2 2-3 3-4 >4million people horizontal line Parallel to the horizon. horizontal symmetry A shape has horizontal symmetry if an axis of symmetry is horizontal. Axis of symmetry hour (h) A unit of time equal to 60 minutes.One hour is the amount oftime between 1 oclock and2 oclock. hundreds The place value between tens and 1825.763 has 8 hundreds. thousands.thousandths hundredths thousandshundredstenthsunitstens 1825 763hundredth One part out of 100 parts of one whole. page 381 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 24. hundredths The place value between tenths andhy - in 1825.763 has 6 hundredths.thousandths.thousandthshundredths thousandshundreds tenths units tens 18 25 76 3 hypotenuse The length of the side opposite the rightopposite side eusangle of a right-angled triangle. o tenhyp The longest side of a right-angled triangle. adjacent sideicosahedron A regular solid in which all twenty faces areequilateral triangles.identity element Rule: The sum of any number and zero a+0=aOR 0+a=a (for addition) equals that number.3+0=3 0+3=3 Zero is the identity element for addition.identity element Rule: The product of any number and onea1=aOR 1a=a (for multiplication) equals that number.31=3 13=3 One is the identity element for addition.improper fraction Any fraction in which the numerator is98the numerator is 9greater than or equal to the denominator. the denominator is 8.9 8 so9 is an improper fraction.8 increase To make larger or grow in size. 8 must increase by 5 to get to13. independent event An event that is totally unaffected byThe toss of the first coin haswhether or not another event does or does not no effect on the probability ofthe resulting head or tail onoccur.the second toss.inequality See inequation.inequality symbols Symbols that tell us how the two objects or , and are inequalityexpressions in a mathematical sentence aresymbols. not equal.inequation A mathematical sentence that shows the12 > x is an inequality.twelve is greater than x.relative size of two objects or expressions. Uses the inequality symbols:, or page 382 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 25. infinite () Has no limits. Unable to be counted. in - in There are an infinite number of integers: The symbol for infinity is (). ..... 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 ..... integer ( ) Any negative number, zero or positive3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3number.are integers.2 3.5 and 5 are not integers.3interquartile range The difference between the upper quartileData: 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 9(UQ) and the lower quartile (LQ) of a set of The lower quartile (LQ) is 3. (IQR) The upper quartile (UQ) is 8.data.IQR = UQ LQ Used to describe the spread of a set of data.=83 =5 See box-and-whisker plot.interest (money) The amount of money paid for the use ofSee simple interest.money.interior angle An angle inside a polygon.Interior angle intersecting lines Lines that meet at a point. intersection of sets Elements common to all sets. 7B () The symbol for intersection is . A 1 3 84 2 6 950 A intersection B A B = {1, 2}invalid Not a logical result.If a = b and a = 4 saying b = 5 would be invalid.1 inverse of a number That number which cancels out a givenThe reciprocal of 3 is . 3number.The opposite of 3 is 3. Can be called opposite for addition andreciprocal for multiplication. inverse of an The opposite operation. Operations that+ is opposite undo each other. is opposite operationOperation Inverse OperationOperation Inverse Operation Operation Inverse Operation Operation Inverse Operation + + xx+3=6 x3=6 3x = 6 =6 33x 6 xx+33=63x3+3=6+3 = 3=6333 3x =3 x =9x =2 x = 18page 383 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 26. invest To put some form of money at risk to makein - la (money) a profit. investment(money) The act of laying out some form of money in an enterprise to make a profit. irrational number A real number that can be written as a non, , e, 2 ,3, 5 , repeating or non terminating decimal but not2.6293045632.... as a fraction.cos 30 Not a rational number.tan 60isosceles triangle A triangle with two sides of equal length.Karnaugh map A truth table that shows the combinations ofB B Total events possible and their values.A AB ABAAA B A BATotalB B kilogram (kg) A unit of weight equal to 1000 grams. My father weighs 75 kg. kilometre (km) A unit of distance equal to 1000 metres.The distance from Melbourne to Sydney is 900 km. kite A quadrilateral where one diagonal is an axis of symmetry. Axis of symmetrylargest to smallest Ranking in order from the biggest to the littlest.1st2nd3rd 4thlateral faces The vertical surfaces on a solid. A rectangular prism has 4 lateral faces.laterallateralfacesfaces page 384www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 27. lay-by(money) To pay a deposit on an object which is held Jacinta put the last air hockey la - lifor the buyer until the full price is paid, table on lay-by. The full price was $240. She paid 25% of usually in installments.the price or $60 so that it would be held for her. leap year A year with 366 days that falls every fourthA leap year is divisible by 4. year and includes the 29th of February as the 2008 is a leap year.extra day.left The direction to the west of your body if N you are facing north. Wleftright E length The distance from one end to the other. How long a shape is. l = length less than ( Revenue activity is $20.If the expenses are $25 thenthe loss would be $5.page 386www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 29. lo - me lower quartile Is the median of the lower half of scores in Data: 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 9 a set of data. The lower quartile (LQ) is 3. 25% of the data lies beneath this number.See box and whisker plot.lowest common The lowest common multiple of theThe lowest common 2 4 denominator (LCD) denominators of two or more fractions. denominator of and is the 35lowest common multiple of 3and 5, which is 15.lowest common The smallest of the common multiples ofThe lowest common multiple multiple (LCM) of 6 and 9 is the smallest of two or more non-zero whole numbers.their common multiples 18, 36,54 ..., so the LCM of 6 and 9 is18. magic square A square grid filled with numbers 4 9 2 Rows:4+9+2= 3 5 73+5+7= The sum of the numbers in every row,8 1 68 + 1 + 6 = 15 column and diagonal is the same.Columns: 4 + 3 + 8 =9+5+1=2 + 7 + 6 = 15 Diagonals: 4 + 5 + 6 =2 + 5 + 8 = 15South Pacific map A diagram of a region showing its positionPHILIPPINES in the world.MALAYSIAJavaSeaPacificOceanPAPUA INDONESIAArafura Sea NEW GUINEA SOLOMON GulfISLANDS Timor Seaof CoralCarpentariaIndian Sea VANUATUOceanAUSTRALIANEW CALEDONIAGreat AustralianBightTasmanSeaNEW ZEALAND mass The amount of matter in an object. The mass of 3 oranges isabout 1 kg.The weight of an objectchanges according to thegravity. A packet of butterwould be weightless in space,even though it still has thesame mass as on earth. maximum The highest value. The maximum speed in aresidential area is 5050 kilometres per hour.mean Or average, is the total of all scores divided4 by how many scores there are. 6 5 To calculate the mean:+ 9 1) Add up the values.24 2) Divide the total by the number of values. 24 4 = 6The average or mean of 4, 6, 5and 9 is 6.page 387 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 30. me - mo median The middle value of an ordered set ofData: 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 values.Median is 6 If there is an even number of values then theData: 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 8Average the two middle median is the average of the two middlevalues: numbers. 5 + 6 = 1111 2 = 5.5Median is 5.5megalitre (ML) A unit of capacity equal to 1 000 000 litres.Water tanks can hold 1 ML.metre (m) A unit of length equal to 100 centimetres. Track distances are measuredin metres. millilitre (mL) A unit of capacity.Medicines are measured in mL. 1000 millilitres is equal to 1 litre.millimetre (mm) A unit of length.Timber length is measured in 1000 millimetres is equal to 1 metre.millimetres.million A thousand thousands.1 000 000 minimum The lowest value.The minimum temperaturereached yesterday was 25C. minus () Another word for subtract. To take away. $20 minus $5 is $15.20 5 = 15 minute (min) A unit of time equal to 60 seconds.One minute has 60 seconds. 5 mixed number The sum of a whole number and a fraction 3 7 is a mixed number. less than one.mode The most frequent score in a set of data.Data: 2, 3, 5, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9Mode is 7 as 7 occurs 3 times. monomial A polynomial with one term.2, 3gh, 5x 2are all monomials. month A unit of time equal to 28, 29, 30 or 31 There are 12 months in a year days.starting with January. JANUARY morning The early part of the day ending at 12 noon.page 388www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 31. mu - ne multiple A multiple of a whole number is the product The multiples of 2 are of that number with any non-zero whole2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ..... 21=2 number. 22=4 2 3 = 6 etc. multiple events See independent events.1 2 3PossibleDie outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 61 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)Spinner2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)multiplication An operation where a number is added to 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 or itself a number of times. 5 2 = 10 multiplication rule A method for finding the likelihood thatMultiplication rule for independent events: of probabilityboth of two events occur. P(A and B) = P(A) P(B) multiply () To find total in a number of groups.Three lots of 2 cows is 6. 3 2 = 6 or 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 mutually exclusive Two events that have no outcomes in A 6 sided die is rolled once. Event A: Roll a 2 eventscommon. Event B: Roll a 3 Events A and B are mutually exclusive since they both cant happen at the same time. natural number ( ) A counting number from 1 to infinity. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.................. negative number A number that is less than zero.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .... are negative numbers. net The pattern cut out to form a 3D shape. Possible net of a cube. network A figure made up of vertices connected by Eulers bridges of Konigsberg non-intersecting paths or arcs. is a famous network where the land is shown as vertices Networks are not to scale.and the bridges are the paths. page 389www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 32. The position after eighth. ni - nu ninth1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th 7th,8th, 9th...... nona Prefix meaning nine. See nonagon nonagon A polygon with 9 sides.Nonagon Regular nonagon non-exclusive events Events that have outcomes in common.A card is dealt from a pack.Event A: deal a clubEvent B: deal an even numberA and B are non-exclusiveevents since they can occur atthe same time:P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A & B) non-linear function Any relationship that is not linear. y = x3 7 A polynomial function where the variable isis a non-linear function.in the second power or higher.non-recurring A finite decimal number. 23.375 is a non-recurringdecimal. decimalnorth A compass direction. N north east A compass direction. NE north west A compass direction. NWnull set ( or {}) A set with no elements also called an emptyP = {people 200 years old} is a set. null set.O = {odd numbers}E = {even numbers}OE= number line An evenly marked line that shows position 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 of numbers. Points are marked with numbers in32 ascending order from left to right (horizontal 1 number line) or from bottom to top (vertical 01 number line).23 Zero represents the origin of a number line.page 390 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 33. nu - on number planeSee coordinate plane.number sentence A sentence using numbers and operationsMary had four cats and two instead of words.dogs. How many pets did shehave?Number sentence: 4 + 2 = 6 numeral A symbol used to represent a number. Arabic numerals: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, V numerator The number above the fraction bar in anumerator fraction. 33 parts out of 5 count The number of parts that are counted. 5oblique line A line at an angle to the horizon. obtuse angle An angle measuring greater than 90 and90less than 180.140 0 180 obtuse-angled A triangle with one angle measuring greater trianglethan 90 and less than 180.140 octa Prefix meaning eight.An octopus has 8 legs. octagon A polygon with 8 sides. OctagonRegularoctagonoctahedron A solid with eight faces. A regular octahedron has faces that are all equilateral triangles.odd numbers A whole number that is not divisible by 2. Odd numbers end with 1, 3, 5,7 or 9. of Seen in context like a fraction of aA quarter of 100 means11 number, it means to multiply. of 100, or 100 = 2544 once On one occasion. Just this time!page 391 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 34. A mathematical process performed op - or operationThere are four basic according to certain rules.operations in arithmetic:addition 3 + 12subtraction31multiplication 1 5division 63There are many complexoperations like:sine 30, 9 and log 10 100, 5 4. opposites Two numbers with the same distance to theThe opposite of +4 is 4. origin but with different signs. opposite angles Angles across from each other in a shape.One pair of opposite anglesare equal in a kite.29138 55138 opposite sides Sides across from each other in a shape. Side AB is opposite to side CDSide AD is opposite to side BC A B D Corder Placing a group in a special arrangement.The aliens are arranged inorder of height. order of operations The order of doing operations is:Calculate 4 + 3 2 (6 2) by 1) Simplify inside all brackets. 1) 4 + 3 2 (6 - 2)2) = 4 + 3 2 4 2) Evaluate powers and square roots. 3) = 4 + 9 4 3) Calculate and from left to right. 4) = 4 + 36 = 40 4) Calculate + and from left to right.ordinal numbers A whole number that shows position.1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th......are ordinal numbers. orientation Position relative to direction.The tornado is comingfrom the west. N WES page 392 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 35. origin The point of coordinates (0,0) on a or - peYcoordinate plane. 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 X1(0,0)Origin2 3 outcome Result of an event.The outcome (result) of tossing a coin was to turn up a head. overlapping sets Sets that share one or more common A B C Delements.Epair Two together.palindrome A number with 2 or more digits that reads44 or 6116 are palindromicthe same forwards and backwards. numbers. parabola The shape of the graph represented by aA parabola can describe thequadratic function.flight of a ball.2Yy = x + 8x + 12Axis of Symmetry x = 4(0,12) (6,0) (2,0)X Vertex (4,4)parallel lines Lines in the same plane that never crossover. They are marked with matchingarrows.parallelogram A special quadrilateral.Opposite sides are parallel lines.Opposite sides are equal in length.pattern Numbers or objects that are arrangedfollowing a rule.penta Prefix meaning five. See pentagonpage 393www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 36. pe - pe pentagon A polygon with 5 sides.Pentagon Regularpentagonpentagonal prism A three-dimensional shape.Two identical, parallel bases are pentagons.Five faces are rectangles.pentagonal pyramid A three-dimensional shape.Base is a pentagon.Five faces are triangles.per For each. 5 kilometres per hour Can be written as a forward slash (/).or 5 km/h means5 km travelled for each hour.percentage Out of 10059% = 59 = 0.59100 Per means for each, cent means 100.percentage change The amount of increase or decrease=a mount of c ha nge 100 % change origina l a mount 1calculated as a percentage. 1 4 perfect square Any number that is the result of multiplying0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, , 25 9 etc.two rational numbers together.are all perfect squares. perimeter The distance around the outside of a shape. Add the length of all sides.Perimeter = 4 + 5 + 6 = 15 cm5 cm 6 cm4 cm perpendicular height The straight line distance between a vertex A Band the opposite side in a 2D shape.perpendicularheightC perpendicular lines Lines on a plane that intersect to form aright angle.perpendicular sides Sides on a shape that are at right angles toAB is perpendicular to AE.Beach other. CDAE perspective The appearance of objects affected by sizeand position.page 394www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 37. pi () The ratio of the circumference of a circle to3.14 or 22 is the approximate pi - pl7its diameter.value of .The diameter of a circle wraps around thePi is an infinite number. = 3.14159 26535 89793...circle approximately 3.14 times.pictograph A graph that uses pictures or symbols to Toy Sales in Winter= 50 toysrepresent data.June JulyAug. pie graph A graph that represents data as a fraction orNobel Prizes Won by the UK up to 2004 (Total of 98)percentage of a circle. ChemistryMedicine /Physiology LiteraturePeaceEconomicsPhysicsplace holder Minds a spot in a number.Zeros are used as place holders in long multiplication algorithms.1 Zero is a place holder place value Value according to position in a number. 954 5 is in the tens place 5 has a value of 50. decimal pointhundreds of tens of millionsthousands hundreds tens units tenthshundredths thousandths thousandsthousands 1 1 11 000 000 100 000 10 000 100010010 1 101001000 plane A flat surface.plot To mark a point on a coordinate plane. The point of coordinate (3,2)Y 3(3,2) 210X 0 12 34plus (+) Another word for addition. To add. 2 cows plus 3 cows gives you 5 cows. 2+3=5page 395www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 38. pm - po pm (post meridiem) The time from midday to midnight. Every night Jimmy startsreading at 9 pm. point A position in space represented by a dot.Ppolygon A closed two-dimensional shape for whichPoly means many andall sides are line segments.gon means angle.Example: A triangle has3 or more sides and angles. 3 angles.Number ofpolygon regular polygonNumber ofInterior(many angles) (all sides and all angles are equal) Sides anglesTriangle13Equilateral triangle2 333 angles Quadrilateral Square444 angles PentagonRegular pentagon555 angles Hexagon Regular hexagon 666 anglesHeptagonRegular heptagon777 angles Octagon Regular octagon888 angles Nonagon Regular nonagon999 angles Decagon Regular decagon 101010 anglespolyhedron A three-dimensional shape.Poly means many andFour or more faces. hedron means faces.Example: A hexahedron hasDescribed by their faces, edges and vertices. 6 faces.vertexgeedfaces page 396www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 39. The sum or difference of terms which have po - pr polynomialType of# of polynomial unlike Examples variables raised to positive integer powers terms7 and which have real coefficients.Monomial1ab 6x 27+y Binomial 2gh 4 2s 2 + sx+y+4Trinomial 3r 2 6s 3 + 4tmn + 5 2m 2n polynomial function A function where the variable is in the y = x 3 4x 2 + 2x 8 second power or higher. is a polynomial function.population The entire set under consideration in a The population of a country is statistical analysis. every person who lives in that country. position Where something is in relation to thingsIn, on, under, behind, next to. around it.positive numbers A number that is greater than zero. +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, ........ are positive numbers. possible outcomes The total number of result options. When you toss a coin there are 2 possible results: heads or tails. power An expression, such as 4 3, in which the4 3 or base (4) is multiplied by itself a number of4 to the power of 3 is 4 4 4 = 64 times equal to the exponent (3).precision of an Considered to be the size of the smallest The ruler has a precision of 0.1 cm. instrumentunit on the scale of the instrument.0 1 2 cm previous The one before. If the current year is 2006, the previous year is 2005. prime factor A factor that is also a prime number. The prime factors of 30 are 2, Factor trees can help to determine a3 and 5.numbers prime factors.30= 5 6= 5 2 3page 397www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 40. prime factorisation Writing a whole number as the product of pr - pr Prime factorisation of 30:its prime factors. 30 = 2 3 5prime number A whole number that has exactly two59 is a prime number as itsfactors, 1 and itself. only factors are 1 and 59. 1 is not a prime number. The prime numbers between 0 and 100 are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89 and 97. principal(money) Capital sum, distinct from interest or Interest charged = % ofincome.principal loan. The amount of debt on which interest iscalculated.prism A three-dimensional shape.Two parallel bases are the same. Number ofprism Properties Examples Faces Edges VerticesTriangular Prism Bases are triangles5 96Lateral faces are rectangles Square PrismBases are squares6 12 8Lateral faces are rectanglesRectangular PrismBases are rectanglesOR6 12 8Lateral faces are rectangles Pentagonal PrismBases are pentagonsLateral faces are rectangles7 15 10 OR Hexagonal PrismBases are hexagons8 18 12 ORLateral faces are rectangles probability The likelihood that an event will happen,The probability of spinningmeasured as a fraction of the total of possiblethe number 5 is 1 .8 8 1outcomes. 72See chance. 63 5 4 probability scale A measure, from 0 (no chance) to 1 (willImpossible UnlikelyEqually likelyLikely Certain happen), of the likelihood of an event0 1 6 2 63646 5 6 1 occurring.AB CD EF G page 398www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 41. probability tree A diagram that displays all the possible pr - prWhen choosing 2 pieces of fruit diagram outcomes of an event.from a bowl with 4 apples and3 oranges, there are 4 possibleoutcomes (branches):AA, AO, OA, OO1st fruit 2nd fruit 3 6 A AA 4 7A3 6 O AOStart4 6 A OA 3O 7 2 6 O OO product The result when two or more numbers areThe product of 4 and 5 is 20: multiplied.4 5 = 5 4 = 20profit(money) What is gained, less any expenses. Revenue from a business Profit = Revenue Expense.activity is $20.If the expenses are $15 thenthe profit would be $5. pronumeral A letter which stands in for (pro) a numbers is a pronumeral in the (numeral). expression 2s + 1A pronumeral takes the place of:an unknown value ora value which may change (vary) in different situations. Any pronumeral can also be called a variable.5 proper fraction Any fraction in which the numerator is less 8 the numerator is 5 than the denominator. the denominator is 8. 5 < 8 so 5 is a proper fraction. 858 proportion A comparative ratio, showing that two2 = 6 is a proportion.3 9 ratios are equivalent. 2 : 3 is the same ratio as 6 : 92 : 3 is in proportion with 6 : 9protractor A semi-circular tool used to measure80 90 100 110 degrees. There are 180 on a protractor. 6050 120 70110100 90 80 7012 6001300 501314 400 0 40 1415 30 50013060 10 60 17 10 220180170 1 100180 0 0page 399 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 42. py - qu pyramid A three-dimensional shape.One base is a polygon.All other faces are triangles that meet at onepoint called vertex.A pyramid is named for the shape of its base.Number of pyramidPropertiesExamplesFacesEdges VerticesTriangular Pyramid Base is a triangle 4 6 4Lateral faces are trianglesSquare Pyramid Base is a square 5 8 5Lateral faces are trianglesRectangular PyramidBase is a rectangle 5 8 5Lateral faces are trianglesPentagonal Pyramid Base is a pentagonLateral faces are triangles6 106Hexagonal PyramidBase is a hexagon 7 127Lateral faces are triangles Pythagoras theorem Rule: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 a2 + b2 = c2 B For any right-angled triangle, the square of perpendicular side cse the length of the hypotenuse (c) equals the yp otenuah sum of the squares of the lengths of the two perpendicular side perpendicular sides (a and b). AbC 32 + 42 = 52 9 + 16 = 25b=4 5 c= a=3Pythagoras triplets A set of 3 positive integers that make a2 + b2 = c2Pythagoras theorem true.32 + 42 = 52 9 + 16 = 25 so triplets include 3,4,56,8,10 5,12,137,24,25 8,15,179,40,41, 20,21,29 etc.quadratic function A function that can be represented by an Used to describe the flight ofequation of the form y = ax 2 + bx + c, wherea ball: y = x 2 + 3x 2a, b and c are real numbers and a can't be 0.is a quadratic function.The graph of this function is a parabola. page 400www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 43. quadratic rule y = ax 2 + bx + c, where a 0. qu - ra See quadratic function. quadratic trinomial An expression with three terms with powers g 2 + 3gh 2gno higher than two.is a quadratic trinomial. quadrilateral A polygon with 4 sides.Quad means 4 and lateral means side. QUADRILATERALS ParallelogramsKites RectanglesSquaresRhombiTrapeziaVenn diagram Axes of quadrilateralSides Interior angles DiagonalsDiagram symmetry Square4 sides of 4 right angles2 diagonals equal4 equal length in length andbisecting atright anglesRectangle Opposite sides 4 right angles2 diagonals equal2 of equal lengthin length andbisecting eachother Trapezium 2 opposite sides 2 diagonals0 parallelRhombus 4 sides of equalOpposite angles 2 diagonals 2 length and opposite equal bisecting at sides parallelright anglesParallelogram Opposite sides Opposite angles 2 diagonals0 of equal lengthequal bisecting each and parallel otherKite4 sidesOne pair of 2 diagonals1 two each opposite angles bisecting each of equal lengthequal otherquarter One of four equal parts of a group or object. Written as the fraction 1 .4 quartiles The collective term for the lower quartile See Box and whisker plot.(25th percentile) and the upper quartile(75th percentile) of a set of data.radius of a circle (pl. radii) The distance from the centre toany point on the circle. radius centre page 401www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 44. random sample A selection taken from a group without ra - re Drawing out of a hat is amethod or conscious choice.random selection.ndorff hufflepu ringryffithe ncl awslyrave range The difference between the greatest and theFor the data:smallest value.21, 24, 25, 27, 27 and 28 the range is 28 21 = 7rate The ratio of two measures that haveWhen running, calories burn atdifferent units. a rate of 14 cal/min.ratio The ratio of a number (a) to a non-zeroIf the ratio of cordial to water isnumber (b) is the result when a is divided by3 : 1 then that would mean 3 parts cordial to 1 part water!b. The ratio of a to b can be written as:Agh, the order of the ratio a matters. b , a : b or "a to b". A ratio is made bycomparing quantities using the same unit e.g.Map scales are an example of aparts, buckets or litres.ratio. See also ratio scale and scale. ratio scale A scale written as a ratio.If the scale on a map isCompares the dimensions on a map or model1 : 10 000 1 cm represents 10 000 cm.(first number) to real life (second number). 1 cm represents 100 m. Every cm on the drawing represents 100 m in real life.rational number A real number that can be written as a non3 2, 3.010101... ,7 ( )repeating or non terminating decimal but not 4, 0.56, 4as a fraction.109 Not an irrational number.real number ( ) Any number on the number line. Includes all rational and irrationalnumbers.REAL NUMBERSIRRATIONALRATIONALIntegers, , e, 2, 3, 5,32 7, 3.010101..., ..., 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ... Natural (Whole Numbers) 2.6293045632.... 4 40, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...., 0.56, cos 30 10 9page 402www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 45. reciprocal A fraction flipped upside down.The reciprocal of 3 is 5 . re - re 5 3 Also called the multiplicative inverse.3 1 = 11 3 One of two numbers whose product is 1.rectangle A special parallelogram. Four right angles. rectangular prism A three-dimensional shape.OR Six rectangular faces.rectangular pyramid A three-dimensional shape. One rectangular base. All the other faces are triangles.recurring decimal A decimal that has a repeating digit or a 2 = 0.22222222 = 0.2 9 repeating pattern of digits.1 = 0.1666666 = 0.16 6 A repeating digit/s is marked with a dot ()are repeating decimals, or a bar ( ).where 2 and 6 are therepeating digits respectively.1 = 0.09090909 = 0.0911is a repeating decimal, where09 is the repeating pattern ofdigits. reduction Make smaller or decrease.DEF was reduced to DEFby a scale factor of 2. D E D EFFreflection A movement that flips a figure across a line Shape B is a reflection of shape so that the figure is in the mirror imageA.position. A Breflex angle An angle measuring greater than 180 and 0 220 180 less than 360.360 regular hexagon A polygon with six sides of equal length and six equal angles. Regular hexagonpage 403 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 46. regular octagon A polygon with eight sides of equal lengthre - reand eight equal angles. Regular octagonregular pentagon A polygon with five sides of equal lengthand five equal angles. Regular pentagonregular polygon A shape with all sides and all angles equal.A regular hexagon has 6 equalsides and 6 equal angles. Regular hexagon regular prism A three-dimensional shape with bases that A regular hexagonal prism hasare regular polygons and all the other facesregular hexagons as its bases. that are rectangles.regular pyramid A three-dimensional shape with only one This regular triangular pyramidbase which is a regular polygon and all the has an equilateral triangle asits base.other faces that are isosceles triangles. Thebase gives the pyramid its name, e.g. regulartriangular pyramid. regular solid A three-dimensional shape that encloses apart of space, with all faces being regularpolygons. In any polyhedron: E = F + V 2 PropertiesNumber ofregular solid All faces are regular polygonsExamples Faces Edges VerticesTetrahedronAll faces are464 equilateral triangles Hexahedron All faces are squares6 128 Octahedron All faces are8 126 equilateral triangles Dodecahedron All faces are regular pentagons 12 30 20 Icosahedron All faces are 20 38 20equilateral triangles page 404 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 47. regular square A pyramid whose base is a square and re - ripyramidwhose height intersects the base at its centre. All 4 slant heights and 4 vertical edges arecongruent. regular tetrahedron A triangular pyramid whose four faces areequal equilateral triangles.relative error The degree to which a measurement is My measuring may be off bydifferent to the actual value. 1%!remainder The amount left over when one number 17 5 = 3 with 2 remainder.cannot be divided exactly by another.reversible Able to be turned in the opposite way. The process of freezing the water is reversible: waterice waterrevolution A complete turn. 0 An angle measuring 360. 360 rhombus (pl. rhombi) A special parallelogram.Four equal sides.Opposite angles equal. right The direction to the east of your body ifNyou are facing north.W leftright Eright angle An angle measuring exactly 90.It is marked with a corner.right-angled triangle A triangle with one right angle.page 405 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 48. rise The vertical change in the y value on ari - roThe value of the y-axis changes straight line. It helps determine the gradient from 1 to 5 so the rise is 4.of a line.Y See gradient of a line. 543 rise = 4 21run = 2 1 2 3 X(0,0)Origin rise change in y gradient = =run change in x4 = =22 Roman numerals Number system invented by the ancientI=1V=5 Romans.X = 10 L = 50C = 100 D = 500M = 1000 rotation A movement that turns a shape about aThe centre of rotation is the fixed point (the centre of rotation) by a givenorigin O and the angle ofrotation is 90. angle (the angle of rotation).YturnoX rotational symmetry A shape has rotational symmetry if a This shape has rotational rotation of 180 or less produces an image symmetry, because after arotation of 120 it looks that fits exactly on the original shape. identical to the original. round off To approximate a number to a given place Round off 263 to the nearest value. 10:Look then Look at the next digit after the given placemake 0HTU Round value you are rounding to. me! If this digit is less than 5, keep the digit in 2633 < 5 so 6 stays 3 becomes 0the given place value the same.263 260If this digit is greater than or equal to 5,Round off 268 to the nearestadd 1 to the digit in the given place value.10:HTU Then make the digit you were looking at, zero.2688 5 so add 1 to 6 8 becomes 0 268 270 page 406 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 49. row of a table A horizontal line of data in a table. ro - sc Netball: Aust v NZ NZ ShootingActualSuccess Quarters chances goals % 1st 9 9 100 2nd141392.85 3rd232086.95 4th181794.44 rule See function.run The horizontal change in the x value on aThe value of the x-axis changesstraight line. It helps determine the gradient from 1 to 3 so the rise is 2. Yof a line. 5See gradient of a line.43rise = 4 21 run = 2123X (0,0) Originrise change in ygradient = = run change in x 4= =2 2 sample A selection taken from a group orSee random sample.population. sample space The set of all possible outcomes of an A coin is flipped -experiment.Sample space = {heads, tails}scale A key on a scale drawing/map that tellsOn a map with a ratio scale ofhow the drawing's dimensions and life size 1 : 10 000 1 cm represents 10 000 cm ordimensions are related.100 mCan be written as: Every centimetre on the drawing represents 100 m in1) A ratio scale with the first number real life.referring to the map distance and the secondScale 02 46 kmnumber referring to the real distance.OR On a map with this linear scale,2) A linear scale with a set of marks on a every highlighted segment represents 2 km in real life.line. scale drawing Changing the size of an object but not the A life size staple.shape. The staple scaled by 50%. page 407www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 50. scale factor The amount used to enlarge, reduce or findsc - siTo make an object 2 timesthe original size of an object. bigger or 200% of the originalsize, enlarge the object by ascale factor 2 : 1To do this multiply eachdimension by the fraction 2 .1To make an object 2 timessmaller or 50% of the originalsize, reduce the object by ascale factor 1 : 2To do this multiply each1dimension by the fraction .2 scalene triangle A triangle in which all three sides are adifferent length. second (s) A very short unit of time.There are 60 seconds in1 minute. second The position after first. 1st, 2nd...... segment Two points and all points on the lineSegment ABbetween the two points. Part of a line. ABsemicircle Half of a circle. se m ic ir cl e sequence of numbers A list of numbers that follows a certain rule. 35, 30, 25, 20, . . . Each number is called a term.In this sequence of numbers,the next three are 15, 10 and 5. set {} A collection of items.There are 7 elements in the set.Members of a set are called elements.PrepSet of Gr 1 Gr 2 Gr 3 Gr 4Primary Gr 5 Gr 6classes seventh The position after sixth. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th.....shortest Having the smallest length. Sam is the shortest in the class.side One of the lines that form a polygon. side page 408 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 51. side view What you see of an object looking from a si - si side perspective. Three-dimensional objects have 3 views:front, top and side. side sign The positive or negative indicator attached+ positive signto any real number that is greater than or less negative signthan zero respectively.similar shapes Shapes that are identical but not necessarilyThese stars are similar.in size. simple interest Interest paid only on the principal not on If you deposit $100 in a bankthe accruing interest as well. which pays 6%, you will earn 100 0.06 = 6 Interest = principal rate time ORor $6 simple interest in a year.SI = prt6 2 simplest form of a A fraction is in its simplest form when theThe simplest form of 9 is 3 fraction only number that divides into both the (Divide 6 and 9 by 3.numerator and the denominator is 1.2 and 3 can only be divided by 1 so they can not be reduced.) simplify To reduce to the simplest form.To simplify the ratio 14 : 6 divide both sides by 2. 14 : 6 simplified is 7 : 3. simultaneous Two or more equations containing a x+y=1common variable or variables.x2 + y2 = 2 equations are simultaneous equations. sine A trigonometric function.Oppositesin = In a right-angled triangle, the sine of anHypotenuse opposite sideacute angle is the ratio of the length of the se otenu hypside opposite the angle to the length of thehypotenuse. adjacent sidesixth The position after fifth.1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th...... size How big an object is.The size of the wave is 2 m. page 409 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 52. slant height (cone) The distance from the vertex to any point onsl - spslant height (s)s the circular edge of the base. cone slant height (regular The length of an altitude of a lateral face. slant pyramid) sheight Square pyramid slide Move without changing direction. See translation.smallest to largest Ranking in order from the littlest to the biggest. 1st 2nd3rd 4th SOH - CAH - TOA Memory jogger for calculating the S in = O pposite SOHH ypotenuse trigonometric ratios of sine, cosine and tangent.A dja cent Cos = CAHH ypotenuse O pposite Tan = TOAA dja cent opposite sidese otenu hypadjacent sidesolid A three-dimensional shape that encloses a part of space. OR south A compass direction. NSsouth-east A compass direction.SEsouth-west A compass direction. SWspeed The rate at which an object moves.The average speed for a car Speed is worked out by dividing the distancewhich travels 270 km in 3 h is:travelled by the time taken.v=distance 270== 90 km/h dtime3 We call this average speed v = t page 410www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 53. sphere A set of points in space of equal distance sp - sq from the central point. O square A rectangle with all sides of equal length. square centimetre A unit of area equal to 1 centimetre by 1 1 cm(cm 2) centimetre. 1 cm square metre (m 2) A unit of area equal to 1 metre by 1 metre. 1m 1m4 square number A number that results from multiplying 9, 6.25 and are all square9another number by itself.numbers. 9=33 6.25 = 2.5 2.5 4 2 2= 9 3 3 square prism A three-dimensional shape.Two identical square bases.All the other faces rectangles. square pyramid A three-dimensional shape.One square base.All the other faces are triangles. square root of a A number which, when multiplied by itself, 900 = 30 number ( ) gives the original number. Finding the Square root of 900 is 30, becausesquare root of a number is the inverse 30 30 = 900 oroperation of squaring that number. 30 2 = 900 square units A unit of area equal to the area of a square A = lwwith side lengths of 1 unit. =32 2 units =63 unitsArea = 6 square units squared Multiplied by itself.4 squared is written as 4 2A number raised to the second power. 4 2 = 4 4 = 16page 411www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 54. statistics Numerical facts systematically collected,st - suData is collected from a organised and analysed.sample of the population,organised into a graph andinterpreted to summarisesome characteristic. stem-and-leaf plot A diagram displaying data by place value. The data is in order from lowest to highest.Data set of 13 elements: { 13, 18, 18, 19, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 29, 30, 31 } mode = 22median (7th element) = 21 rangestemleaves lowest value = 13 range = high low = 31 1313 8 8 9 median = 21 = 1820 1 1 2 2 2 930 1mode = 22mean = 286 13 highest value = 31 = 22 straight angle An angle measuring 180.0180 subset () A set of elements completely contained in a{a, b} {a, b, c, d, e} larger set.ABB A substitute To replace a number or function with If x = 4, the value of x + x is another. Often used in algebra when afound by replacing the letter xwith 4: pronumeral is replaced by a number.4+4=8 subtended angle The angle formed by an object at a given The post subtends at an angle external point.of 30 to the observers eye. 30 subtract To take away or minus. If you subtract 10 from 15 youare left with 5:15 10 = 5sum The result when two or more numbers areThe sum of 20 and 6 is 26: added. 20 + 6 = 6 + 20 = 26 super annuation An investment strategy designed to provide In Australia, an employer pays for retirement.9% of an employees basewage into superannuation.page 412 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 55. supplement of an An angle that, when added to an adjacent su - ta 75 is the supplement of 105, angleangle, makes a straight angle (or 180 inbecause 75 + 105 = 180 total). 105 75 surd An irrational number. It can be expressedThe square roots of primeas an infinite non-recurring decimal but not numbers are all surds. as a fraction. 7 = 2.64575131......... 7 is a surd.survey A method of collecting a sample of data by TV ratings are detemined bygetting peoples responses.surveying viewers.symmetry A shape has a line of symmetry when a line There are 3 kinds of symmetry:can be drawn through the shape so that one horizontal symmetry vertical symmetryside of the shape is the mirror image of the rotational symmetryother.Lines ofsymmetrytable Data organised in columns and rows.Netball: Aust v NZNZ Shooting Actual SuccessQuarters chancesgoals% 1st 99 100 2nd14 1392.85 3rd23 2086.95 4th18 1794.44 table of values Mathematical data organised in rows andx 2 10 12 3columns representing possible solutions for xy 3 2 1 01 2and y. The solutions can be graphed. Y3 2 14 3 2 1 12 3 4 X 1 2 3 tangent A trigonometric function.O ppositetan = In a right-angled triangle, the tangent of anA dja cent opposite sideacute angle is the ratio of the length of the useotenhypside opposite the angle to the length of the side adjacent to it. adjacent sidepage 413www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 56. tangent to a circle A line that touches the circle at a pointta - te without crossing over. tax A financial charge imposed by the state$ often calculated as a percentage. $ TAXES $ temperature How hot or cold a thing is.100 C is the temperature at Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius which water boils.(C) with a thermometer.100C 80C 60C 40C 20C0C tens The place value between the units and1825.763 has 2 tens. hundreds.thousandths hundredths thousandshundredstenthsunitstens 18 25763tenth One part out of 10 parts of one whole. tenths The place value after the decimal point1825.763 has 7 tenths. between the units and hundredths.thousandths hundredths thousandshundredstenthsunitstens 18 25763term Any part of an expression separated by + a) 7, 1 or 18 3 or signs.b) a, b or c A term can be a: 1c) 7a, , 18g or 3x 2b a) constant (number) d) 7ab, 5mn 3 or 3jk 2 b) single pronumeral (letter)A term that has both numerals c) product of a number and a pronumeraland pronumerals is always d) product of a number and two or more written with the numberbefore the pronumeral.pronumeralsIf there is more than onea = One lot of a a + a + a + a + a = Five lots of a pronumeral in the term then= 1a= 5a they are usually written in= 1a= 5a= a alphabetical order. We simplify the writing byWe simplify the writing by removing the "" sign.removing the "1" and the "" sign. We read this as "five a".We read this as "a".page 414 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 57. terminating decimal A decimal whose digits end. Every 0.765 = 765 te - ti1000 terminating decimal can be written as a fraction with a denominator of 10, 100 or 1000 etc. tessellation A repeated shape covering a large planeTessellating patternsarea with no gaps and no overlaps. Brick walls and tiled floors are examples of ORtessellations. Maurits Escher, a Dutch mathematician, developed tessellatingTessellating shapes patterns and artwork by distorting or adding and taking space from the opposite sides ofORpolygons.tetrahedron A triangular pyramid. See also regular tetrahedron. thermometer An instrument used to measure temperature. 100C 20C 40C 60C80C0C third The position after second.1st, 2nd, 3rd......thousands The place value between hundreds and tens 1825.763 has 1 thousand. of thousands. thousandthshundredthsthousands hundredstenths units tens182 5763thousandth One part out of 1000 parts of one whole.One gram is a thousandth of a kilogram. thousandths The place value after hundredths. 1825.763 has 3 thousandths. thousandthshundredthsthousands hundredstenths units tens182 5763three-dimensional Able to be measured in three directions (3D)namely length, width and height.height width length time The continuum from past to present to The time is 9:25 am. future.page 415www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 58. time zone Regions of different times around the world.NSW time is 3 hours ahead ofti - trBased on Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), WA time during daylightsaving.each 15 of longitude away from Greenwich,Daylight Saving Time ZonesEngland represents 1 hour of time.Darwin- Summere.g. +9.5= hours ahead ofGreenwich Mean Time +9.5+8 +10 Brisbane+10.5Perth +11 CanberraSydney AdelaideMelbourneHobart tip Optional payment given in addition to a The tip added an extra 5% torequired payment, usually to expressthe cost of the meal. appreciation for excellent service.tolerance The greatest range of variation that can be See tolerance interval.allowed. The amount of acceptable error.tolerance interval To calculate the tolerance interval, add andThe ruler has a precision of 0.1subtract one half of the precision of the cm.The tolerance interval in thismeasuring instrument. measurement is: 1.4 0.05 cmor from 1.35 to 1.45 cm012 cm tonne (t) A unit of measurement for mass equal to The Humpback whale can1000 kilograms. weigh 58 tonnes.top top view What you see of an object looking from atop perspective. Three-dimensional objects have 3 views:front, top and side.total The whole lot.The total of 2 and 7 and 3 is 12: The sum of two or more quantities.2 + 7 + 3 = 12 total surface area The complete area of the exterior surface ofThe TSA of a rectangular box isa solid.2lw + 2lh + 2wh (TSA) height (h) width (w)length (l) transformation A movement of a shape in a coordinate See translation, reflection andplane. Types of transformations are rotation. translations, reflections and rotations.page 416www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 59. translation A movement that slides a shape.Shape B is a translation of tr - trEach point of the shape is moved the sameshape A.distance, in the same direction, to produce a shape that is congruent to the original one.transversal A line that crosses a pair of parallel lines.Line AB is a transversal.AB trapezium A quadrilateral. or Two opposite sides are parallel.tree diagram A tree diagram displays all the possibleEvent: Tossing 2 coinsoutcomes of an event. 1st Coin HT2nd coin HT H T When tossing 2 coins thereare 4 possible outcomes(branches):HH, HT, TH, TT tri Prefix meaning three.A tricycle has 3 wheels. trial and error To try repeatedly and learn from mistakes. This sum can be solvedusing trial and error.TWO + T WO FOU Rtriangle A polygon with 3 straight sides. triangleInterior angles Sides DiagramRight-angled triangle 1 right angle Scalene triangle0 equal angles0 sides of equal length Isosceles triangle2 equal angles2 sides of equal length Equilateral triangle3 equal angles3 sides of equal length page 417www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 60. triangular prism A three-dimensional shape. tr - twTwo identical triangular bases.Three rectangular faces.triangular pyramid A three-dimensional shape.One triangular base.The other three faces are triangles.trigonometric ratios There are three main trigonometric ratios,See SOH - CAH - TOAsine, cosine and tangent.trigonometry A branch of Mathematics where the See SOH - CAH - TOArelationship between the sides and angles of opposite side usea right-angled triangle are studied. Itoten hypinvolves the functions of sine, cosine andtangent.adjacent side trinomial A polynomial with three terms.a + 2b + cg 2 + 3gh 2gx 3 + 3x 2 + 8are all trinomials. triple Multiply by three.Children 3 = triplets! turn To rotate about a point. twenty-four hour Time told in 24 hour lots using 4 digits. Nine thirty am is 0930 or 09:30Two thirty pm is 1430 or 14:30 timetwice Two times.Sam has $5 and Jo has $10.Jo has twice as much as Sam. two-dimensional Able to be measured in 2 directions (length width (2D) and width).lengthpage 418 www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 61. un - un union of sets () Elements that belong to all sets, withoutB 7repeating any common elements. 6 A 1 3 The symbol for union is .4 2 8 50 9A union B = A B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} unit One.The unit of measurement forlength is metre (m). units The place value before the decimal point1825.763 has 5 units.between the tens and tenths.thousandths hundredths thousands hundredstenthsunits tens 1 8 25 763 units of Standard amount or quantity.See cubic unit and square unit. measurement unitAbbreviationExamples Used for measuring..... millimetremm thickness of a plank of woodLENGTH centimetrecm width of a photo framedistance - length, width, height, metre mlength of a lap of a stadiumdiameter, perimeter kilometre km distance between two cities gramgweight of an eggMASS kilogramkg weight of a bag of apples weight - people, animals, objects tonne tweight of an elephant millilitremL liquid in a can CAPACITY (Liquid Volume) litre Lliquid in a bucket quantity - liquids megalitre ML liquid in a water tower square centimetre cm 2 area of a Maths book coverAREA square metrem2 area of the gym floor surface - objects, territories (countries, square kilometrekm 2 area of Tasmaniacontinents, oceans) cubic centimetrecm 3 volume of water in a fish tankVOLUME cubic metre m3 volume of air in a warehousequantity - air, water universal set () A group of items that consists of all the = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}elements under consideration. A 1B7 The symbol for universal set is . 3 8 4 2 65 0 9page 419www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 62. un - ve unlike terms Are terms that contain different Opposite to like terms. pronumerals raised to the different powers.7, 6a and 4y 3 are not liketerms. Unlike terms cannot be added or subtracted5w, 6 and 18w 2 are not like however they may be multiplied and divided. wterms. upper quartile (UQ) Is the median of the upper half of scores in Data: 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 9 a set of data. The upper quartile (UQ) is 8. 25% of the data lies above this number.See box-and-whisker plot. valid Grounded in logic or truth.If A causes B and B causes Cthen it is valid to propose thatA may cause C. variable A pronumeral that can take on differentOpposite to a constant. values.In y = x + 55 is constant Is represented by a letter of the alphabet.x and y are variables. Venn diagram A diagram using circles to show thef B relationship between sets of objects. A s c o t e b a rl g vertex (pl. vertices) The point at which two sides edgevertexedge side(of a polygon) or three edges (of a solid)side meet.vertexPolygon Solid vertex in a network A point in a network. A vertex can either be Odd vertex - 3 arcs odd or even depending on the number of arcs (paths) leading to it.Even vertex - 4 arcs vertical line A line at right angle to the horizon. vertical symmetry A shape has vertical symmetry if an axis of symmetry is vertical. Axisof symmetrypage 420www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 63. vertically opposite Angles on opposite sides of a pair of ve - xaAll vertically opposite angles intersecting lines.are equal in a pair of angles intersecting lines. Vertically opposite angles are congruent.12060 60 120 volume The amount of space that a solid occupies. Volume of a rectangular prism Volume is measured in cubic units. is calculated by multiplyinglength by width by height: e.g. cubic centimetres (cm 3) or cubic metresV = lwh (m 3). =423= 24Volume = 24 cubic units3 units2 units4 units week A unit of time equal to 7 days;Roger was on holidays for Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,one week (seven days).Thursday, Friday, Saturday.weight The heaviness of an object.A 3 kg brick weighs: Equals the mass of an object times the force3 kg on Earth, about 0.5 kg on the moon, of gravity. This means that weight changes0 kg in outer space. with any change in gravity.west A compass direction. The sun sets in the west. W whole numbers The counting numbers from zero to infinity.0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ........are whole numbers. width How wide an object is. The width of the CD is 12 cm. The sideways dimension. 12 cmw = widthx-axis The horizontal axis. x-axis page 421www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary 64. x-coordinate The first number in an ordered pair.xc - yeThe x-coordinate of theThe position of a point along the x-axis. ordered pair (2,3) is 2.Y (2,3)3 2 1 X 3 2 1 1 2 31 (0,0) Origin2 3 x-intercept The point at which a graph crosses theThis line crosses the x-axis atx-axis. (2,0) Y 4 3 2x-intercept 1 (2,0)4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 X 1+4 22x 3 4y= y-axis y-axis The vertical axis. y-coordinate The second number in an ordered pair. The y-coordinate of theThe position of a point along the y-axis. ordered pair (2,3) is 3.Y (2,3)3 2 1 X 3 2 1 1 2 31 (0,0) Origin2 3 y-intercept The point at which a graph crosses theThis line crosses the y-axis aty-axis. (0,2) Y2 43x 3 2 y= 1 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 X 12 y-intercept(0,2)34year A unit of time equal to 365 days. 1st of January to the(366 in a leap year). 31st of December. page 422www.mathsmate.net Maths Mate 9/10 Skill Builder Glossary