Mathematical Toolkit Review. Significant Digits Nonzero digits are always significant. All final...
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Transcript of Mathematical Toolkit Review. Significant Digits Nonzero digits are always significant. All final...
Mathematical ToolkitMathematical Toolkit
ReviewReview
Significant DigitsSignificant Digits
Nonzero digits are always significant.Nonzero digits are always significant. All final zeros to the right of the decimal All final zeros to the right of the decimal
point are significant.point are significant. Zeros between two other significant digits Zeros between two other significant digits
are always significant.are always significant. Zeros used solely for spacing the decimal Zeros used solely for spacing the decimal
point are not significant.point are not significant.
Scientific NotationScientific Notation
Expressing decimal places as a power of 10Expressing decimal places as a power of 10
M x 10M x 10nn
Where 1 Where 1 ≤ M < 10≤ M < 10– One digit to the left of the decimal pointOne digit to the left of the decimal point
Scientific Notation with CalculatorsScientific Notation with Calculators
M EnM En
Math Operations with Sig. DigitsMath Operations with Sig. Digits
When Adding and SubtractingWhen Adding and Subtracting:: If the n values are the same, add the M values and If the n values are the same, add the M values and
keep the n value the same.keep the n value the same. If the n values are not the same, move the decimal If the n values are not the same, move the decimal
until they are the same and repeat the above step.until they are the same and repeat the above step. When the magnitude of one number is quite small When the magnitude of one number is quite small
compared to the other, its effect on the larger compared to the other, its effect on the larger number is insignificant. The smaller number can number is insignificant. The smaller number can be treated as zero.be treated as zero.
Math Operations with Sig. DigitsMath Operations with Sig. Digits
When MultiplyingWhen Multiplying:: Multiply the M values.Multiply the M values. Add the exponents (n)Add the exponents (n)
When DividingWhen Dividing:: Divide the M values.Divide the M values. Subtract the exponent divisor (bottom) from Subtract the exponent divisor (bottom) from
the exponent of the dividend (top). (top – the exponent of the dividend (top). (top – bottom)bottom)