Math Word Problems

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Math Word Problems Differentiated Session No computers needed.

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Math Word Problems . Differentiated Session No computers needed. Mr. Lancaster & Ms. Barnett Ms . Schmit & Mr. Neufeld. Literacy & Math at McLain . Do Now. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Math Word Problems

Page 1: Math Word Problems

Math Word Problems Differentiated Session

No computers needed.

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Mr. Lancaster & Ms. Barnett Ms. Schmit & Mr. Neufeld

Literacy & Math at McLain

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Do Now

• With a partner, please come up with three difficulties students encounter when working on word problems.• Be ready to share.

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Agenda

I. Introduction II. Word Problems: What Makes Them

Difficult III. Gallery Walk: Strategies & Systems IV. Choosing a StrategyV. Teaching a StrategyVI. Closing

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The Demands of Word Problems

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The Demand of Word Problems

• Two challenges: reading and processing

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• Students can decode and read the problem, BUT can’t interpret what it’s asking them to do• You can teach strategies and systems!

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Reading or Processing?• Students need to be taught how to read like

mathematicians• Math problems are not the same as stories or articles;

they are read to identify the question being posed• Students who can read fluently may still have trouble

identifying the problem they need to solve

Connections to Previous Lit Sessions:SLIT1: Why Are Secondary Texts Difficult?SLIT2: Teaching VocabularySLIT3: Reading Purposefully & Strategically

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The Breakdown

• To solve a word problem, students must be able to:1. Understand what question is being asked2. Locate relevant information within the problem (and

overlook irrelevant information).3. Translate the words into equations.4. Determine which functions are required to solve the

problem

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Word Problem Strategies

• Require students to use a standard strategy that they can apply to every word problem they encounter.

• Teach its components explicitly, and use and model the strategy consistently.

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Features of Effective Strategies

1) Memory devices that help students remember the strategy

2) Steps that use familiar words and begin with an action verb to facilitate student involvement

3) Steps that are sequenced appropriately4) Metacognitive strategies that use prompts for

monitoring performance

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Gallery Walk

• Identify components of each strategy (what do the acronyms stand for, what are students expected to do).• Identify a strength and/or weakness for each strategy.• Would you want to use it with your students?

3 minutes at each station

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STAR Strategy• Empirically validated mnemonic that helps students recall

sequential steps.• SEARCH the word problem: Read the problem carefully, ask

yourself questions (“what do I know?” “what do I need to find?”), write down facts

• TRANSLATE the word problem: Translate words into an equation in picture form.

• ANSWER the problem.• REVIEW the solution: Re-read the problem, ask yourself, “Does the

answer make sense? Why”, check your computations

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RIDGES Strategy• Appropriate for upper elementary through secondary grade

levels• Helps students formulate a plan to solve the problem• Read the problem• I know statement: List information given in the problem. All

information should be listed – relevant or not.• Draw a picture, table, etc. This should help students pick out

relevant information• Goal Statement: Student expresses, in own words, the question

the problem is asking.• Equation Development: Write equation for problem (i.e. length +

width + length + width = perimeter of football field).• Solve the equation: Plug given information into equation. Solve.

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SQ-RQ-CQ Strategy• Guides students to find important elements & determine how

they should be solve in a logical order• Builds in self-questioning to help students find & correct their

own mistakes• Survey the math problem: read the problem to get an idea of its

general nature, talk with students to discuss what parts are most important

• Question: Determine what problem is asking you to do.• Re-read problem: Focus on specific details of problem. What parts

of problem relate to each other? Consider what form your answer should be in (units)

• Question yourself about operations involved: Determine specific operations required, and list the order.

• Calculate: Perform each operation in order listed.• Question: Review steps, determine if answer is reasonable.

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How Do I Choose?

• There is no magic formula – Pick the one YOU are most invested in for YOUR students.• Pick a strategy, laminate

and post it – have students practice it religiously!• No best strategy for

English Language Learners or Special Ed students• Pick a strategy to arm them

with so they can tackle those word problems

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Making the Strategy Work

• “I laminated mini posters of our grade level problem-solving model so students could keep them at their desks until they had the steps memorized.”

- A real math teacher• Gradual Release of Responsibility• EVERY time, WITHOUT fail, for EVERY problem!• It will take time for the strategy to take hold—don’t scrap

it!

TIME AND CONSISTENCY

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Some Considerations…• Recognize student characteristics (cognitive and

behavioral) and preferences• Promote individualization of strategy use• Program for generalization• Provides opportunities for students to generalize the

strategy to other problems

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Start by building skills, not answering questions.

• Remove the distraction of the numbers so students can focus on building the skills that leads them to the answer• Students’ methods of

reaching the solution are much more important than what the answer actually is

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Allocate time to practice each step separately.

• Set up targeted practice time for each step of your strategy• Identifying the question• Spotting key information• Identifying correct operation to work out answer

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Be clear about what the question is asking.

Is the following an addition or subtraction problem?In the annual Michigan vs. Ohio State football game, there were 74 points altogether. Michigan scored 40. How many points did Ohio State score?

74 – 40 = ??? This is how the question can be solved, but mathematically speaking not totally accurate

40 + ?? = 74 More accurate mathematical representation

Not every calculation involves a number missing from the end. By making sure you know exactly what is being asked, you can teach

the skills of solving equations where the middle or start is needed.

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Get your kids on high alert!

• Provide a collection of word problems where this irrelevant information to ignore, or a conversion to make.

• Make mistakes on purpose while modeling how to answer a question and reward the first person to spot any errors you make.

• All of these strategies should get your class poring over their word problems with renewed energy.

I have 23 new messages in my email inbox. While unsuccessfully attempting to balance a cup of coffee in one hand, a chocolate-chip cookie in the other, and try to see whether my best friend has replied, I accidentally click and get rid of 8 messages. How many do I have left.

Jose is 140 cm tall and so he is too small to be able to ride on the “Belly Flop” rollercoaster. The height limit is 190 cm. How many meters does he need to grow?

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The Bottom Line

• Choose one strategy and stick with it (even if students show initial resistance).

• Empowering students with consistent strategies and explicitly-taught math vocabulary will help us close the literacy gap (from the math classroom).