Math Teaching Through Stories for Kids Part 1[1]
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Numbers
HappyMatHs
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Original Story (English)Happy Maths - 1
Numbers by Mala KumarPratham Books, 2007
First Edition 2007
Illustrations: Angie & Upesh
ISBN 978-81-8263-906-5
Registered Ofce:PRATHAM BOOKSNo.633/634, 4th C Main,6th B Cross, OMBR Layout, Banaswadi,Bangalore- 560043.
& 080 - 25429726 / 27 / 28
Regional Ofces:Mumbai & 022 - 65162526New Delhi & 011 - 65684113
This series is sponsored byPals for Life
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Happy Maths - 1
W i b
Numbers
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Sankhya and Ganith have been learning a lot o things
in their mathematics class.
Join Sankhya and Ganith in their
happy discoveries about mathematics.
Zzero and Eka are riends o Sankhya and Ganith.
In this book Sankhya and Ganith discover the magic o
b Th hi k b h i i d
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The Big Challenge
Im happy. So Im bouncing.I can take on so many shapes.
Zzero ! Will you stop bouncingaround like this, please?
Stop boasting.Do you know how many
numbers you can make up?
0, 10s, 100s, 1000s and 10,000s.
Thats a lot of numbers.
0, 10, 20, 30, .90, 100, 101,
110, 200, 201, 210, .
Please stop!
I d h
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Grains o Rice
Acharya Vinoba Bhave was a reedom ghter. He ollowed the
teachings o Mahatma Gandhi and lived between the years 1895
and 1982.
When he was a young boy in Maharashtra, his mother had made avow o oering 10,000 grains o rice to God. She careully counted
a hundred grains each day and oered it in prayer, reciting Gods
name each time she made an oering.
Vinobas elder brother had an idea. He said, Mother, why doyou do this everyday? Ater counting a hundred grains on one
day, measure its weight. From the next day, you just have to
weigh out an equal amount and oer it to God. This will save you
time and eort.Vinoba said, I dont think that would be right. When you count
100 grains o rice each day, you will repeat Gods name 100 times.
But i you weigh out 100 grains, you would say Gods name only
once!
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Vinobas mother wanted to1.
oer 10,000 grains o rice.
I each grain weighs hal agram, how many grams
will 100 grains weigh?
I Vinobas mother2.
had counted hundredgrains on Day 1, and then
ollowed her elder sons advice,
how many times would she have
said Gods name till she made the complete oering?
I Vinobas mother ollowed Vinobas suggestion, how many3.
days would it take or her to nish the oering?
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How Big Is A Million?
Sankhyas mother was getting ready to go
to school. She was a geography teacher.
Sankkima, eat your breakast quickly!
she shouted.
Ki-ki, have you nished your
homework? asked
Sankhyas ather.
S V! yelled Sankhyas riend Manjula
rom the street. Sankhyas athers name
k
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What is a million?
It is a very big number.
10 x 10 = 100. Ten 10s make a hundred
10 x 100 = 1000. Ten 100s make a thousand
100 x 100 = 10000. Hundred 100s make ten thousand
100 x 1000 = 100000. Hundred 1000s make a lakh
But the word lakh is not used in European and American
countries. When someone wins a One-lakh lottery, people in
these countries would say, I won hundred thousand!
7
One lakh!!One hundred
thousand!!
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100 x 100000 = 10000000Hundred lakhs is called one crore in India.
1000 x 1000000 = 1000000000
In America, 1000 millions are called a billion.
one crore!! tenmillion!!
One hundredCrore!!
One thousandmillion!!
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Why Do We Need Big Numbers?
When someone asks you how
ar your school is rom yourhouse you may say, Very ar.
To a stranger asking or directions
to the school, you would probablysay, Five kilometres, Sir.
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Scientists say the universe was ormed
because o a Big Bang.
15 billion years ago there was a small
super hot, super dense, ball o
re.
The ball was less than 1cm
wide. Suddenly, the ball exploded.
In less then a millionth
o a second, it grew to a
huge ball, 16 billion km
across.
In the next million years, the exploded pieces
became colder and ormed galaxies.
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Our Sun is one o them. Earth is one
o the nine planets movingaround our Sun
And the Earth has6,525,170,264 people.
You are one o 1,095,351,995 people
living in India!
Write the number o zeroes that ollow the digit 1 in1.
a) lakh, b) 10 million, c) 10 lakhs, d) 100 lakhs e) 10 crores.
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Everyone In Their Place
The Principal o Aryanagar Vidyamandir is
very strict. He insists that students stand
in their specied places during morning
assembly.Ranjit, a class 4 student, always stood in
the ourth row rom
the right side o the
hall.One day, he got into the sixth row, where
all the Class 6 students stood. He elt very
important. He also elt very scared that the
principal would seek him out and punishhim.
The principal did nd out and called
Ranjit to his room. Young ellow, so you
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Ranjit scratched his head,
and walked back to his
class. What was his value,he wondered.
He had learnt place value in
arithmetic recently and this
is what he understood about value. The digit2 means just 2.
When you write 20, the 2 indicates there are 2 tens.
Similarly when you write
2032, the 2 on your rightdenotes just 2 but the 2 on
your let means there are 2
thousands.
So, depending upon theplace where a digit sits, it
gets dierent values.
Lets take the number167234. Each digit here has a dierent
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Finger Fun
Of course. I pick up a pencil and
paper with my ngers, write the
numbers and then write the
answers.
No,silly,
Imeantwithonlyyou
rfngers.
See,hereshowyoumultiplyby9with
yourtenfngers.
Zzero, do you know
how to multiply with your
ngers?
Try this
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What is Multiplication
Multiplication is a quick way
o adding.
Suppose you pluck 25
mangoes rom one treein an orchard, and your
grandmother has asked
you to get 250 mangoes to
make spicy mango pickles,you do not have to keep count
ater plucking every mango.
Just pluck 25 mangoes rom each tree. Leavethem in separate baskets at the oot o the tree.
One basket contains 25 mangoes.
2 Baskets will contain 25 +25=50 mangoes.
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Try this
Lets try 24 multiplied by 6. Lets say you have 20 red marbles and 4
green marbles. Suppose you and ve o your riends (thats 6 o you)want to have the same number and kind o marbles each. When
you want 6 times the number o marbles, you will have 6 times the
number o red marbles in addition to 6 times the number o green
marbles, right?
20 X 6=120
4 X 6= 24
120+24=144 marbles. Easy!
Now try this. Multiply 34768 by 987 by the same method. You would
have to write 30000 + 4000 + 700 + 60 + 8. Then multiply each o
these by 7, 80 and 900. And add up all the answers to get your nal
answer. Doing this horizontally, then writing it down vertically and then
adding the numbers is a very tiring process. To make this work simple,
we ollow a pattern o writing while multiplying big numbers.34768 x 987
3 4 7 6 8 x 9 8 7
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Odd Fishing
An old man lived by the river
Kaveri.
He used to catch sh or a
living. But he did not eat shhimsel.
Everyday he caught sh and
sold them in the evening at
the market.
He was not a greedy man.
One day his grandson saw him throwingback a sh into the river.
Grandpa, why did you do that?
he asked.
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Each day, I make up a
rule or mysel. Yesterday,
I threw back the rst shI caught, kept the second,
threw back the third, kept
the ourth
I know, you threwback Fish 1, Fish 3, Fish
5..You threw back
the Odd-numbered sh!
Thats right. Today, I kept the rst sh, threw back the second,kept the third, threw back the ourth
All the even-numbered ones went back into the river. Poor
odd-numbered ones!
Tomorrow, Im going to need a little more money. So Ill havea new system. Fish numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, and so
on will go back into the river. The rest will get into my basket.
Grandpa, how many shes do you sell each day?
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According to the story, how many sh went back into the1.
river yesterday?
Did he throw back more or less number o sh today? How2.many sh went into the basket today?
Tomorrow, Grandpa has to really think hard beore throw-3.
ing back the sh. There is something special about the
numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, . Can you guess what?
How many shes did Grandpa catch today?4.
A prime number is a number that can be divided exactly5.
by two numbers,1 and by itsel.
1 can be divided ONLY by 1. So 1 is not a prime number.
13 can be divided by 1. It can be divided by 13. So it is a
prime number. 15 can be divided by 1, 3, 5, and 15. So it is
not a prime number. Can you count the number o prime
numbers between 1 and 50?
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Tell me Eka, how many
people followed the jailer?
Eka, have you seen the
Hindi lm Sholay?
There is a scene in the
movie that has a jailer
telling his ofcers,
Half of you go this side. Halfof you go that side. Rest of
you, follow me!
Zzero, you must
be joking!
Bits and Pieces
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Sankhya and Ganith had to share a
huge aloo Paratha or lunch. They
both liked aloo Paratha very much.Lets cut it into two. Each o us
can have one part, said Ganith.
You cut it, Sankhya.
Sankhya was going
to old the paratha
into two, when her
riends Faisal and
John walked in. Wewant a piece too!
they said.
Sankhya and Ganith would have had a
paratha each. Now they would have tohave 1/4 o a paratha.
So they had to divide one paratha into our
equal pieces. Ater Sankhya had cut the
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Try this
Fractions are nothing but parts o a whole.
Take a sheet o
notepaper.
Fold it in hal. Colour the top fapYou have coloured hal
o the sheet.
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You can orm a triangle with 21 dots, starting with 6 dots at the
bottom, reducing one dot as you go higher, till you have just one
dot on top.
o
o o
o o o
o o o oo o o o o
o o o o o o
Or you can start with one dot on top, and keep increasing onedot in the next line as you go down.
Can you tell how many dots you need to make an1.
8 - decker triangle with dots?
Make grids using dots. Then draw unny gures.
Try this
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Zzero, we are not birds.And we are not pilots. So
how can we y?
Lets make paper planes and
y them. Listen friends, letsplay detectives!
Write a coded message using numbers on apiece o paper. Make this into a paper plane.
Send it zooming in the class.
The person on whom the plane lands has to
Lets Fly!
Eka, lets y!
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Can you decode some o these messages that landed?
13-29 / 15-29-25-9!1. (Notice that all the numbers are ODD)
49-29-41 / 1-35-9 /13-29-29-7.2.
51-51-9-35-29 /17-37 / 1 /15-9-35-29.3.
28-42-26-4-10-36-38 / 2-36-10 / 12-42-28.4.
Sankhya and Ganith have made riends with numbers.
Sometimes the riends behave oddly!
But most o the time, they are good!
Look at the numbers around you.
You may nd something interesting about them.
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Answer Page
Answers to Grains o Rice Page 5
50 grams. I one grain weighs hal-a-gram, 2 grains will weigh 1gm.1.
How many 2s in 100? 100/2=50. 50 x 1=50.
199 times. On Day 1, she would have uttered Gods name 1002.
times while oering hundred grains. That would leave 9900grains (10 thousand minus 100 =9900). 9900 divided by 100=99.
100+99=199.
100 days. 10, 000 divided by 100= 100 days.3.
Answers to Why do We Need Big Numbers Page 11a) 5 b) 7 c) 6 d) 7 e) 81.
Less than 5 billion years ago, or Five thousand million years ago.2.
5,000,000,000 years ago.
109 crores.3.One third o a second.4.
Answer to Everyone in their place Page 13
900. Hundreds place. 1945 has nine hundreds in addition to1.
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My name is Gopalji Srivastava. I am in class 5 and never miss amovie by Amitabh Bachchan and Kajol. I also enjoy badminton
and the Bhangra.
Thank you for buying this book. My friends and I will get to read
many more books in our library because you bought this book.
Mala Kumar is a journalist, writer and editor based in Bangalore. Her stories for
children have won awards from Childrens Book Trust. She discovered her love for
teaching while conducting non-formal workshops in Mathematics in schools, using
the days newspaper instead of text-books.
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For more information on all our titles please visitwww.prathambooks.org
Our books are available in English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu,Kannada, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, Punjabi, Urdu and Oriya.
Titles in this series
Happy Maths 1
Numbers
Happy Maths 3
Measurements
Happy Maths 2
Shapes and Data
Happy Maths 4
Time and Money
This is a Mathematics book with a dierence.
There are more stories here than problems!
So read the stories, take in the mixture o acts and ction and
enjoy teasing your brain.
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