Materials for Sour Service Nao Spc d Mw 001

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TALISMAN E N E R G y NAO ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS - MATERIALS, WELDING, CORROSION MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICE NAO-SPC-D-MW-001 MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICE Issue: 2011/01/01 Next Review Date: June 2011 Published by: HSE/OI Staff Responsible: Talisman Energy Inc. CorrosionTechnical Authoritv Operational Integrity Department APPROVALS: Calgary Tech Auth: Copyright is owned by Talisman Energy Inc. All Eng. Auth: rights are hereby reserved. This document (in whole or in part) may not be reproduced, stored in VP-HSEOI: a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or means, without the prior written permission of Talisman, or as expressly permitted by law. Note: This is an existing specification currently being used by Talisman and has not been technically reviewed or signed off by the Technical Authority at this time. Over time, these specifications will be rebuilt and validated through a specification review process. Please ensure that you use the most current copy of the specs listed on the NAO Portal under Engineering Specifications. The Technical Authority identified on the cover sheet is the point of contact for this specification. Attention: Paper copies are uncontrolled. This copy is valid only at time of printing, 12/15/2010. The controlled document is available on the Talisman NAO Portal.

description

materials for sour service

Transcript of Materials for Sour Service Nao Spc d Mw 001

Page 1: Materials for Sour Service Nao Spc d Mw 001

TALISMANE N E R G y

NAO ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS - MATERIALS, WELDING, CORROSION

MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICENAO-SPC-D-MW-001

MATERIALS FOR SOURSERVICE

Issue: 2011/01/01

Next Review Date:June 2011 Published by:

HSE/OI Staff Responsible: Talisman Energy Inc.CorrosionTechnical Authoritv Operational Integrity Department

APPROVALS:Calgary

Tech Auth:Copyright is owned by Talisman Energy Inc. All

Eng. Auth: rights are hereby reserved. This document (inwhole or in part) may not be reproduced, stored in

VP-HSEOI:a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form ormeans, without the prior written permission ofTalisman, or as expressly permitted by law.

Note: This is an existing specification currently being used by Talisman and has not beentechnically reviewed or signed off by the Technical Authority at this time. Over time, thesespecifications will be rebuilt and validated through a specification review process. Pleaseensure that you use the most current copy of the specs listed on the NAO Portal underEngineering Specifications. The Technical Authority identified on the cover sheet is the point ofcontact for this specification.

Attention: Paper copies are uncontrolled. This copy is valid only at time of printing, 12/15/2010.The controlled document is available on the Talisman NAO Portal.

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TALISMAN ENERGY INC. GENERAL SPECIFICATION

MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICE Rev4A Oct 2002 Page 1 of 23ES1.A408

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SCOPE..................................................................................................................................................2

2. APPLICABLE CODES, REGULATIONS, STANDARDS & SPECIFICATIONS................................. 2

3. DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................................................3

4. DESIGN, SELECTION & WORKMANSHIP .........................................................................................4

5. MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICE .................................................................................................... 4

6. WELDING ...........................................................................................................................................15

7. QUALITY ASSURANCE INSPECTIONIDOCUMENTATIONIINSPECTION.....................................17

8. HANDLING/STORAGE - STAINLESS STEEL.................................................................................19

9. SOUR SERVICE WITH HYROGEN - FAILURE MECHANISMS ......................................................19

10. SOUR SERVICE WITH CHLORIDES - REQUIREMENTS FOR

AUSTENTIC STAINLESS STEELS ................................................................................................20

11. SOUR SERVICE WITH CAUSTIC OR OTHER ALKALINE PROCESS FLUIDS .............................. 22

SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 23

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1. SCOPE

1.1.1. This specification details Talisman Energy Inc.'s Oil and Gasrequirements for materials to be used in Sour Service.

1.1.2. It makes major reference to NACE MR0175 - Sulphide Stress CrackingResistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment.

1.1.3. This specification also details additional requirements that apply forSour Service with hydrogen, chlorides, alkalis and amines. However itdoes not cover all the general requirements for hydrogen, chlorides,

alkalis and amines in non-sour service and should not be used for suchpurposes.

1.1.4. This specification makes reference to various equipment items, i.e.pipework, pressure vessels, rotating equipment, etc., for which specificTLM General Specifications exist. The requirements of thesespecifications apply in all respects except where specifically modified bythis specification.

2. APPLICABLE CODES, REGULATIONS, STANDARDS & SPECIFICATIONS

2.1.1. NACE MR0175 Standard Material Requirements Sulfide StressCracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment.

2.1.2. NACE TM0284 Evaluation of Pipeline Steels for Resistance to StepwiseCracking.

2.1.3. TLM General Introduction to Talisman Energy Inc. General NACERP0472, Methods and Controls to Prevent In-Service Cracking ofCarbon Steel Welds in P-1 Materials in Corrosive Petroleum RefiningEnvironments, latest edition.

2.1.4. ASME Section ViII, Division 1, Rules for Construction of PressureVessels, including latest addenda.

2.1.5. ASME Section VIII, Division 2, Alternate Rules for Construction ofPressure Vessels, including latest addenda.

2.1.6. ASME Section II, Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications.

2.1.7. ASME Section II, Part B: Non-Ferrous Material Specifications.

2.1.8. ASME Section II, Part A, A20/A20M: Standard Specification for GeneralRequirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels.

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2.1.9. ASME Section II, Part C: Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes,and Filler Metals.

2.1.10. ASME Section V: Nondestructive Examination.

2.1.11. ASME Section LX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications.

2.1.12. API Standard 617: Centrifugal Compressors for Petroleum, Chemicaland Gas Industries.

2.1.13. API Standard 618: Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemicaland Gas Industry Services.

2.1.14. API Specification 11 P: Specification for Packaged Reciprocating

Compressors for Oil and Gas Production Services.

2.1.15. API Standard 610: Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Heavy DutyChemical and Gas Industry Services.

2.1.16. Specifications and Specification Index ES1.A100

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1. Sour Service

3.1.1. NACE MR0175 defines "Sour Service" as process streams containingH2S at the concentrations shown in Figures 1 & 2, contained in NACEMR0175.

3.1.2. Figure 1 shall be used for wet gas systems.

3.1.3. Figure 2 shall be used for multiphase oil, gas, and water systems.

3.2. The following definitions of Sour Service also apply for this specification:

3.2.1. Sour oil and gas multi-phase - if the fluids being handled are eithercrude oil, or two or three-phase crude oil, water and gas;

3.2.2. The gaslliquid ratio is greater than 888.4m3;

3.2.3. The partial pressure of H2S in the gas phase is 70 kPa (abs) or more;

3.2.4. The surface operating pressure is 1850 kPa (g) or greater.

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3.3. With the exception of Pipeline Systems designed to CSA Z662 (see 3.5) NACE

MR0175 definitions for Sour Service are accepted by TLM for systems with lessthan 10% mol H2S. All systems with 10% mol H2S or more shall be consideredsour regardless of pressure.

3.4. Total Pressure

3.4.1. Where NACE MR0175 refers to total pressure, this means the totaldesign pressure.

3.5. Oil and Gas Pipelines to CSA Z662

3.5.1. For gas pipelines designed to CSA Z662, sour service is defined asservice in which the hydrogen sulphide partial pressure exceeds 0.35kPa.

3.5.2. For oil pipeline systems designed to CSA Z662, sour service is definedas:

· Where the system pressure is below 1400 kPa and the H2Scontent in the gas is above 50 mollkmol.

· Where the system pressure is at or above 1400 kPa and thepartial pressure of H2S in the gas phase is greater than 70 kPa.

3.6. AEUB Sour Gas Pipelines

3.6.1. Sour Gas pipeline is when H2S content of gas is greater than 10mol/kmol.

3.6.2. The AEUB Pipeline Regulation overrides the CSA location factors forsour pipeline. The design stress levels shall not be greater than:

· 60% SYMS for all under ground pipeline facilities.· 50% SMYS for all above ground pipeline faciliies.

4. DESIGN, SELECTION & WORKMANSHIP

4.1.1. Please refer to the appropriate TLM General Specification equipment

item.

5. MATERIALS FOR SOUR SERVICE

All materials for sour service as defined in this Specification shall comply fully with NACEStandard MR0175 except as modified or extended below.

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5.1. General

5.1.1. All pressure vessels and heat exchangers in sour service areconsidered to be containing a lethal substance and shall be 100%radiographed and stress relieved in accordance with the applicablesections of the ASME Code.

5.1.2. Materials shall be selected from those permitted in the NACE Standard.In addition, two other materials, which have been found resistant toSulphide Stress Cracking, may be employed. These are:

5.1.2.1. Firth Vickers FV 520B, in the averaged 620°C (1148°F)condition with maximum hardness 318 HV10 (Rc32)

5.1.2.2. Nimonic 90 in the following conditions:. Solution annealed.

. Solution annealed and age hardened to Rc35 maximum, in

line with Section 4 of the NACE Standard. Material in thiscondition is acceptable for general service.

. Cold worked and age hardened to Rc50 maximum, in line

with Section 8 of the NACE Standard. Material in thiscondition is acceptable for springs.

5.1.3. All castings shall be suitably heat-treated after any welding operationhas been performed; this requirement also applies to the weld repair ofdefects, irrespective of size. The practice of leaving "as welded" areas incastings for sour service is unacceptable. All repair welds shall be heattreated as follows:

o Carbon and carbon manganese steels: stress relieve inaccordance with design code.

. Martensitic stainless steels e.g. 11-13% chromium steel: re-

heat-treat completely or double temper (see NACE Standardpara. 3.7 for details of both heat treatments).

. Austenitic stainless steels: solution anneaL.

. Austenitic nodular iron: welding is not permitted.

5.1.4. The selection of materials for sour service shall also take into accountresistance to general corrosion. The pH value of the process streamand the presence or absence of corrosive agents such as oxygen,carbon dioxide, chlorides etcetera are of particular importance.

5.1.5. When the chloride content and the corrosive conditions are such thatthey cannot be handled by austenitic steels; more highly alloyedmaterials such as Incoloy 825, Inconel 625, and Hastelloy C etcetera

shall be selected according to the process conditions. Carbon Steelshould also be considered with additional corrosion allowance.

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5.1.6. Where the process duty is such that a wet gas environment exists inone part of a vessel and a multiphase (oil, gas, water) system exists inanother part of the same vessel, the material of construction for theentire vessel shall be suitable for the more severe sour gas conditions.

5.1.7. High strength steels at high levels of stress such as internal bolting,springs, bellows and parts of reciprocating compressors require specificattention, as experience shows they are susceptible to SSC in lowerconcentrations of wet hydrogen sulphide than indicated by the NACEStandard definition of sour service. They shall comply with the NACEStandard when in contact with any concentration of wet hydrogensulphide.

5.1.8. All vessels including internals and other equipment intended, as a partof a sour gas or liquid system, when fabricated from carbon steel, shallutiize fully killed, vacuum degassed materiaL.

5.1.9. All plates, forgings and weld material shall have maximum carboncontent not exceeding 0.3% by weight.

5.1.10. The CE shall not exceed 0.45. The carbon equivalent shall becomputed by using the following formula.

CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15

SEE ADDENDUM 1 FOR SOUR SERVICE PIPING SPECIFICATIONS

5.1.11. All ferrous material, for vessels exceeding 300 # ASME flange rating, incontact with the process fluid and subject to welding shall have thefollowing chemical limitations.

S=Cr + Mo + Ni + V + Cu =Cr + Mo + Ni + V + Cu =Nb+V+Ti =Nb+V=Ti=

0.012 wt% - max (plate materials)0.500 wt% - max (plate materials)0.600 wt% - max (other material)0.12 wt% - max (other material)0.03 wt% - max (plate materials)~0.03 wt% - max (other material)

5.1.12. The above chemical composition limitation requirements aresupplementary to the manufacturer's specifications which shall governwhere it specifies lower limits.

5.1.13. Hardness values shall comply with the requirements of Table 1.These requirements apply to the base metal, weld metal and HeatAffected Zone (HAZ). Testing shall be carried out after productionwelding, where "approved welding procedures" by qualified weldershave been used or after PWHT

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Table IMaterial .P. Number Brineii Hardness

P1 200P3, P4 225

P5, P6, P7 235P10, P11 225

5.1.14. One-piece heads shall be utilized.

5.1.15. Prior to release from the supplier, all plates for pressure retaining

components 50mm and thicker, shall be ultrasonically examined inaccordance with ASTM SA-435. Scanning shall be continuous along aperpendicular grid on 75mm centers, maximum. Acceptance criteriashall be in accordance with Level C.

5.1.16. All nozzle connections shall be of the "set-in" type.

5.1.17. Nozzles shall be integrally reinforced forgings.

5.1.18. Pressure vessels in Sour Service shall not be lined unless specified byTLM.

5.1.19. Screwed connections are not permitted. Connections shall not be lessthan 1 %,'.

5.1.20. Corrosion allowance shall be 3.2mm.

5.1.21. Corrosion gauge points shall be installed on each vessel operating incorrosive service. The location, number and type shall be specified byTLM.

5.2. Carbon, Carbon Manganese and Low Alloy Steel Pressure Vessels

5.2.1. Sour service pressure vessels, including heat exchanger shells,channels and floating heads, shall be stress relieved at 1150°F

minimum.

5.2.2. Stress-relieving procedures shall be in accordance with the appropriate

design code.

5.2.3. Internal and external bolting exposed to sour environments shall beselected to be resistant to SSC.

5.2.4. Pressure vessels for sour service in materials other than carbon andcarbon manganese steels shall be subject to TLM specification orapprovaL.

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5.3. Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steel Process Pipework

5.3.1. Carbon steel pipework shall conform to the following Colt EngineeringCorporation GS-903.02 and GS-903.03 Talisman Specific GeneralSpecifications within process plant limits and other similar areas asspecified by TLM.

GS-903.02 Pipinq Material- GeneralGS-903.03 Pipinq Material - Line ClassesGS-903.03 Pipinq Material - Line ClassesTalisman Specific CS2, CCS2, DS2, DCS2, ES2, ECS2, PCCS2,

PDCS2, Notes, Branch Chart 1,2,6

5.3.2. Unless specifically agreed with TLM, all piping welds in sour serviceshall be stress relieved. This includes structural attachment welds to

pressure retaining components.

5.3.3. Cold bends shall be limited to 1 1/2% maximum strain unless stressrelieved. Heat treatment of cold bends for P1 to P6 materials shall bepreformed when maximum calculated fiber elongation after bendingexceeds 50% of the specified basic minimum elongation or when anymaterial that requires impact testing where the maximum calculatedelongation after bending exceed 5%. Hot bending shall be carried out ina manner that ensures the hardness levels meet the NACE standard.Test bends are required to qualify the manufacturers pipe bend

procedures.

5.3.4. Material test certificates shall be submitted for approval by TLM asdescribed in Colt Piping Material - Line classes GS-903.03 TLMSpecific Specification. These shall include material manufacturer's testcertificates, Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) charts where applicableand welding procedure qualification test results incorporating hardnesssurvey results on etched macro sections.

5.4. Alloy Steel Pipework

5.4.1. Irrespective of pipe size and wall thickness, alloy welds shall besubjected to PWHT at 1150°F minimum.

5.5. Stainless Steel Pipework

5.5.1. All heat treatment and hardness of stainless steel pipework and

weldments shall be subject to approval by TLM.

5.6. Pipelines

5.6.1. Pipe, valves and associated fittngs shall conform to project specific ColtPiping Material - Line Class, TLM Specific Specifications based on CSA

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Material Specification Z245.1, Z245.11, Z245.12 and Colt GS-903.03.All material specifications shall be subject to approval by TLM.

5.6.2. Tests in accordance with the procedure of NACE TM0284 shall becarried out on all pipeline steels in sour service to demonstrate that theyare resistant to hydrogen-induced 'step' cracking. TLM written approvalrequired to wave HIC testing.

5.6.3. The requirements of the Canadian Pipeline Standards CSA Z662 forsour service shall be complied with in fulL.

5.6.4. PWHT of field girth welds of pipelines is not required unless specified byTLM, in which case the specific provisions shall be subject to TLMapproval.

5.7. Low Temperature

5.7.1. For low temperature applications, the use of carbon and low-alloy ferriticsteels containing more that 1 % nickel including weld materials is notpermitted for sour process streams.

5.7.2. Where it is normal practice to employ low-alloy steel welding electrodescontaining 1-3% nickel in carbon steel pipework, alternative nickel-freeelectrodes with guaranteed impact properties for the service conditionsshall be utilized, subject to TLM approval.

5.8. Valves

5.8.1. Material selection and fabrication procedures shall be in accordancewith the latest Revision of the NACE Standard and Colt GS-903.03Piping Material - Line Class, TLM specific.

5.8.2. All valve parts that can be contacted by the sour environment shallconform to the NACE Standard, this requirement extends to all internalsas well as pressure-containing components. Items which are not freelyvented to atmosphere (i.e. insulated and buried equipment) whereleakage of the process stream could subject the equipment to a sourenvironment and all external bolting shall conform to the NACEStandard.

5.8.3. Where plated components are employed, the material on which theplating is deposited shall conform to the NACE Standard. The platingemployed shall be resistant to the environment. Cadmium and zincplating are unsuitable as these metals corrode readily when in contactwith hydrogen sulphide.

5.8.4. Where a ball valve is employed, weld repair of the ball is not acceptable.

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5.8.5. All valve springs shall be made from materials resistant to SSC.Acceptable spring materials are those given in the NACE Standard andNimonic 90.

5.8.6. For large springs where the cost of resistant materials is verj high, andwhere spring failure is specified by TLM as not critical in terms of safetyor production losses, non-resistant materials, suitably protected from theenvironment, may be proposed for approval by TLM. The use of thefollowing coatings may be considered:

· Flexible 2-pack epoxy paint formulation. The maximum service

temperature for this type of coating is 100°C (212°F).· Aluminum spray plus sealer.· Resistant coatings of the fluorinated polymer type applied by the

fluidized bed process.

5.8.7. Where coatings have been accepted by TLM the complete spring shallbe protected and special attention shall be given to the half coils at thespring ends.

5.8.8. It is recognized that protective coatings cannot provide long-term

protection against failure. TLM will take this into account, particularlywhen specifying or approving relief valves.

5.8.9. In bellows-sealed relief valves, the springs shall be in accordance withthe NACE standard and this specification.

5.8.10. The packing selected shall be compatible with the stem materiaL.

Uninhibited graphite or carbon-type packing is unacceptable when incontact with stainless steel.

5.8.11. Nitrile rubbers are unacceptable, but fluoroelastomers may be proposedfor approval by TLM. All non-metallic materials proposed for '0' rings,seals, seal rings, etc. shall prove suitable for the environment beforeuse.

5.9. Rotating Machinery

5.9.1. Sour service for rotating machinery shall be as defined in the NACEstandard.

5.9.2. The materials selected and fabrication procedures employed shall

comply with this Standard.

5.9.3. Carbon and carbon manganese steel plate for fabricated compressorcasings shall be of proven resistance to sulphide stress cracking and

will be subject to TLM ApprovaL.

5.9.4. All fabrication welds and repair welds shall be heat treated as follows:

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. Carbon and carbon manganese steels: PWHT at 580/620°C

(1 076/1148°F), other temperatures only as approved by TLM.. Low alloy steels: PWHT details shall be subject to approval by

TLM.. Martensitic stainless steel (11-13% chromium steel): Re-heat

treat completely including double temper.. Austenitic stainless steels: Only require PWHT if specified by

NACE para. 1.3.2.2(b).

5.9.5. Cast irons and ferritic ductile (nodular) irons e.g. ASTM A 395 areunacceptable for pressure-retaining parts and for impellers etc. The useof these materials for non-pressure, low-stressed components shall besubject to approval by TLM. Austenitic irons are also generallyunacceptable for pressure-retaining parts.

5.9.6. All components such as internal bolting, springs, etc. shall comply withthe relevant parts of this specification.

5.9.7. Shafts and piston rods in plain carbon, low and medium alloy and 11-13% chromium steels shall be heat treated to minimize residualstresses, and shall have a hardness not exceeding 248 HV10 (RC22)and a yield stress not exceeding 620 N/mm2 (90 000 Ibf/in2).

5.9.8. Shafts in austenitic stainless steel shall be in the solution-annealed

condition. Where 17 Cr - 4Ni Precipitation Hardening steel is employed,it shall conform to Appendix A of the NACE Standard, while FV 520steel shall be in accordance with para. 4.1 of this specification. K.Monel and Inconel X-750 shafts shall be in accordance with Section 4 ofthe NACE Standard.

5.9.9. The straightening of shafts after completion of machining shall not becommenced without prior approval from TLM.

5.9.10. Before any attempt is made to rectify machining errors by theapplication of metal coatings, approval shall be obtained from TLM.

5.9.11. All associated equipment e.g. pressure vessels, pipework, etc. shallcomply with this Standard.

5.9.12. All components in 11-13% chromium steel shall be double temperedafter either normalizing or quenching, and unless stated otherwise inthis Specification, the hardness shall be 248 HV10 (RC22) maximum inaccordance with NACE Standard.

5.10. Centrifugal Pumps

. Centrifugal pumps shall conform to TLM Specification ES1.P1 01 except as

modified by this Standard.

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· For centrifugal pumps only, austenitic nodular iron is acceptable in certaincases, subject to approval by TLM. Welding of this material, includingrepair welding, is not permitted.

· All castings shall be proved sound by radiography, and they shall be stressrelieved at 620/670°C (1148/1240°F).

5.10.1. Shafts in plain carbon and low alloy steels shall be totally protected fromthe process stream by corrosion-resistant sleeves, cap nuts (whereapplicable) etc. Unprotected 11-13% chromium steel may be used onlywhere it has adequate corrosion resistance to the process fluid.

5.11. Reciprocating Compressors

5.11.1. For reciprocating compressors only, the service shall be regarded assour when the gas contains any level of H2S. In all such cases, thematerials and fabrication procedures shall be in accordance with thisSpecification.

5.11.2. Reciprocating compressors shall conform to TLM SpecificationsES1.K102 & ES1.K1 03 except as modified by this Standard.

5.11.3. Piston rods shall be either 11-13% chromium steel or an alternativematerial approved by TLM.

5.11.4. The piston rods shall conform to the requirements of this Specification.However, the rods may be hardened in the region of the packings by thesurface induction hardening method.

5.11.5. Liners shall be resistant to the corrosive environment. Where cast ironwould be corroded, a suitable grade of austenitic cast iron may beproposed for TLM approval.

5.11.6. Valve plates, rings, channels, seats and stops shall be made from 11-13% chromium steel, unless otherwise approved by TLM. The maximumhardness for these components shall be 300 HV10 (HRC30). Thedouble tempering requirement after normalizing or quenching stillapplies.

5.11.7. Valves involving flexing plates are not normally permitted. An exceptionmay be made if it can be shown that the valve plate stresses are lowenough to preclude SSC.

5.11.8. Valve springs shall be Inconel X-750 or Nimonic 90. The design stressshall not exceed 276 N/mm2 (40 000 Ibf/in2).

5.11.9. Alternative materials and designs may be used for compressor valves,where proof is submitted that they have given satisfactory service.However, all changes in materials, fabrication procedures and designshall be subject to TLM approvaL.

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5.12. Centrifugal Compressors

5.12.1. Centrifugal compressors shall conform to TLM Specification K101except where modified by this Specification.

5.12.2. Fabrication processes that result in cold-worked material, e.g. riveting ofimpellers, shall not be employed unless prior approval has beenobtained from TLM.

5.13. Lubrication, Shaft Sealing and Control Oil Systems

5.13.1. All equipment in contact either with seal oil or gas which is sour, e.g.vessels, pumps, piping, valves, etc. shall conform to this Standard asregards material selection and fabrication procedures.

5.14. Instrumentation

5.14.1. Instrument piping shall be in accordance with the TLM SpecificationL 103 Appendix C (Piping Materials and Classes) associated processline specification unless otherwise specified or approved by TLM.

5.14.2. Bellows, diaphragms, Bourdon tubes, items which cannot be heattreated after welding, and components which cannot function in thesoftened condition shall be fabricated from materials resistant tocracking in the hardened or non-heat-treated conditions as defined inthe NACE Standard. Incoloy 825 and Monel 400 have given satisfactoryservice in certain environments; and may be proposed for TLMapproval.

5.15. Bolting

5.15.1. Bolting shall comply with the NACE Standard requirements when incontact with any concentration of wet H2S.

5.15.2. Ferritic steel bolts and nuts shall conform to Section 6 (Classes I & II) ofthe NACE Standard.

5.15.3. Where austenitic stainless steel bolts and nuts are required, these itemsshall be free from cold work; they shall be solution treated after threadrolling etc. as outlined below:

o Bolts shall be Class 1A of ASTM A193 e.g. B 8MA (Type 316

bolts solution treated after all cold work including thread rolling).. Nuts shall be of the 'A' suffix variety of ASTM A 194 e.g. Grade

8MA (Type 316) solution treated after all hot or cold working.

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5.16. Bellows

5.16.1. Bellows shall comply with the NACE Standard requirement when incontact with any concentration of wet H2S.

5.16.2. Austenitic stainless steels shall not be used for bellows, but materialselection may be made according to the process conditions from thefollowing:

· Incoloy 82511nconel 6251 Monel 400

· Other materials may be proposed for approval by TLM. Theproduction procedure-shall comply with the requirements of theNACE Standard.

5.17. Metallc Overlays

5.17.1. Explosively clad, roil bonded and fusion-bonded corrosion resistantoverlays such as austenitic stainless steels and Monel are considered tobe effective barriers to the sulphide environment. Where such overlaysare employed the backing material need not conform to this Standard.

5.18. Elastomers and Materials for Fluid Seals

5.18.1. There are many factors which will determine the suitability of anElastomer or Seal Material in a given service:

. Temperature

. Pressure· Chemical Resistance to Hydrocarbons

. Inhibitors present

· Mechanical Design of Component

5.18.2. This means that it is not possible to specify materials that will besuitable under all conditions, however the following guidelines are

suggested:

SuitablePTFE

Zinc Free Graphite*

(See Section 5.8)

UnsuitableFluorcarbon (Viton)

Nitrile RubberButadence Rubber

Butyl RubberNeophene

Nylon

5.18.3. Where appropriate TLM General Specifications specify Elastomers andSeals for specific items i.e. valves. Alternative materials will only beaccepted if it can be clearly demonstrated that they are suitable for theproposed application.

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5.19. Trays

5.19.1. Traps and mist extractor elements in corrosive service, or attemperatures below -30°C, shall be 304 stainless steel with a minimumthickness of 1.9mm.

5.19.2. The design of each tray shall include a lug to which corrosion couponsmay be attached. The lug shall be positioned beside the tray manway.The lug shall also be located so that coupons may be immersed eitherin the gas or liquid phase. In general, each lug shall be 40mm squareby 6mm thick, made of the same material as the tray.

5.19.3. The bolting shall be 304 SS regardless of the type of tray installed.

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6. WELDING

6.1. Full penetration welds are required for all pressure retaining welds and all

internal/external attachments to the pressure boundary. The exception is "ear-type" lifting lugs where the weld shall be vented.

6.2. All welding Procedure SpecificationslWelding Procedure Qualification Records

(WPSIWPQR's) shall contain hardness test results. WPQR hardness testingshall be carried out by the Vickers Micro hardness method. Acceptance criteriafor Vickers hardness testing shall be 210Hv max. Hardness testing shall becarried out on a sample cross section and shall include three readings each inthe HAZ, weld and base material, at 0.25t from each surface and at 0.5t.

6.3. The control and handling of welding materials during fabrication shall be anintegral part of the Vendor's Inspection and Test Plan.

6.4. Qualified ASME Code Welders shall perform all welding, including tack weldingand non-pressure attachment welding, including saddles or skirts.

6.5. Weld repairs to base materials require prior approval by TLM.

6.6. All welding, including repairs and internallexternal attachment welds require a

preheat of 300°F minimum, or in accordance with ASME Section V111.Div 1,Appendix "R" or as otherwise specified on the Colt Vessel Data Sheet.Temperature shall be checked on the opposite side of heat application. Minimumpreheat temperature shall be maintained during all welding and reapplied afterstopping work on a particular weld joint. A detailed preheat procedure shall beprovided and shall include provisions for completion of pressure welds prior toallowing to cool to ambient temperature.

6.7. Vessel shall be Post Weld Heat Treated in accordance with the ASME Code and

shall be PWHT'd in a furnace in one piece. Heat Treatment charts shall beprovided and included as part of the ASME Code Data book.

6.8. All welding consumable filler metals shall be as specified in the ASME Code,

Section ", Part C.

6.9. The deposited weld metal principal alloying elements and mechanical properties

shall conform to the ASME requirements for chemical analysis and mechanicalrequirements of the base metal.

6.10. All WPS'sIWPQR's shall include the consumable Manufacturer's Trade Name,and shall be considered an essential variable for production welding.

6.11. Only Low-Hydrogen welding consumables and welding processes shall beutilized.

6.12. Welds deposited by the SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) process shall not deriveprincipal elements from the flux (i.e., only neutral fluxes are permitted).

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6.13. Procedures for welding consumable storage and handling shall conform, as aminimum, to the following guidelines:

6.13.1. The Vendor shall utilize filler metal storage and handling proceduressuch that filler materials are maintained in a clean, dry condition at alltimes. Low hydrogen electrodes shall be handled and stored inaccordance with the Manufacturer's recommendations to avoid moisturepickup and to retain the low hydrogen characteristics of the electrode.

6.13.2. Electrodes and all other welding consumables shall be properlyidentified at all times.

6.13.3. SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) Electrodes:

. Low Hydrogen Electrodes (such as E7018-1; E7028; E8018-X; and

E11 018) shall be stored at all times in an unopened and undamagedfactory sealed container or electrode storage oven at manufacturer'srecommended temperature. The oven may be stationary or portable(rod caddy).

6.13.4. The Vendor's welding materials handling procedure shall specifymaximum exposure limits of electrodes removed from storage.Electrodes, which exceed exposure limits, shall be re-baked (accordingto manufacturers' guidelines) prior to reuse. One re-bake cycle ispermitted. Wet, damaged, or contaminated electrodes shall bediscarded.

6.13.5. SAW Electrodes and Fluxes:

. Submerged arc wire shall be stored with Supplier's wrapperintact. Coils that have been partially used shall be protected andidentified before being returned to storage. Contaminated orunidentified wire shall not be used.

. Flux used for SAW shall be dry and free from contamination.

Flux shall be stored in factory packaging until time of use. Fluxfrom damaged packages shall be re-dried in accordance withthe Manufacturer's recommendations before use.

6.13.6. WPS'slWPQR's for the SAW process shall contain chemical analysesand shall comply with the chemical analyses requirements of ASMESection II, Part C.

6.13.7. Temporary attachments such as hold-down fixtures or alignment barsshall be removed and the surface under such welds shall be properlyconditioned to eliminate surface stress risers. All attachment materialsshall be of the same chemical composition and type as the basemateriaL.

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6.13.8. Arc strikes made in areas not to be covered by the finished weld shallbe ground, visually inspected and Wet Fluorescent MT examined toensure that the surface is sound.

7. QUALITY ASSURANCE IDOCUMENTATIONIINSPECTION

7.1. General

7.1.1. Documentation and inspection shall be provided to prove the identitiesof all materials of construction and to establish that the correct heattreatment has been applied so that the finished product complies fullywith this Specification.

7.1.2. Except in the case of austenitic steels, where the hardness can bechecked without damaging the component, the manufacturer shallconduct hardness tests to ensure that the hardness requirements of thisSpecification are met, and TLM inspectors may carry out randomhardness checks. Where hardness values in excess of therequirements of this Standard and the NACE Standard are obtained thepart shall be rejected.

7.1.3. Except in the case of austenitic steels, for small items, e.g. smallsprings, pins, etc. which can not be hardness tested individually, themanufacturer shall conduct tests on a random basis by selectingcomponents from production runs or stores batches to ensure that theproduct complies fully with this Specification.

7.1.4. For austenitic steels, it shall be proved to the satisfaction of theinspector that the specified heat treatment has been carried outcorrectly.

7.1.5. Details of component materials and the material condition shall besubject to TLM approval prior to manufacture.

7.1.6. Reference should be made to the appropriate TLM GeneralSpecification for other inspection and documentation requirements, inparticular Colt Engineering General Specification Piping Material - LineClass, Talisman Specific.

7.1.7. All beveled weld edge preparations on Carbon Steel or Low Allow

material 50mm and thicker, including out on area 50mm from plate edgeand knuckle areas on heads after forming, shall be 100% MT examined.

7.1.8. Internal weld surfaces (where accessible) of Carbon Steel or Low Alloy

Steel materials shall be 100% examined by the Wet FluorescentMagnetic Particle (WFMT) method. This requirement is applicablewhere the Owner will be carrying out similar in-service inspection.

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7.1.9. All root passes and back-gouged weld joint areas on vessels, after backgouging to sound metal, shall be 100% MT examined or for non-magnetic materials, 100% Liquid Penetrant (PT examined.

7.1.10.AII pressure retaining welds shall be 100% RT examined. In the eventthat RT is not possible, 100% UT examination is acceptable. Prior TLMapproval is required.

7.1.11. Class 1 film shall be utilized for all radiography.

7.1.12. Final elevations and orientations of nozzles shall be checked prior toPWHT. Dimensional check for roundness and straightness shall becarried out prior to shipment.

7.1.13. 10% of all pressure retaining welds and welds to the pressure boundaryon vessels shall be hardness tested (weld/HAZ). Three readings shallbe taken in each area for each weld location. Hardness values shall notexceed 200BHN after PWHT. Hardness value shall not exceed therequirement of Table # 1 classes (Section 5.1.13), details therequirement for pipe & piping components.

7.1.14. Both sides of all completed pressure retaining welds on vessels shall beinspected by magnetic particle method.

7.2. Hard Stamps

7.2.1. Conventional sharp 'V' stamping is not acceptable. Low stress stampingshall be utilized. Round 'V' stamps may be used elsewhere, providingthe identities are placed on the external surfaces of low stress areas.Where stamps have been inadvertently applied to high stress areas,subsequent heat treatment is required unless approved otherwise byTLM.

7.3. Marking Paints, Crayons, Etc.

7.3.1. Conventional paints, crayons and adhesive tapes frequently used fortemporary marking during fabrication, etc. may contain significantamounts of chloride and heavy metals. Unless approved by TLM, thesemarking materials shall not be used on any stainless steel, and if usedon carbon or low alloy steels they shall be removed before heattreatment.

8. HANDLING/STORAGE - STAINLESS STEEL

8.1.1. Note that stainless steel in the presence of chlorides can frequently beassociated with external chloride attack. In such cases, the following

shall apply:

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· Austenitic stainless steels shall be protected externally if theyare to operate at temperatures between 40°C (104 OF) and

120°C (248 OF) in chloride-containing environments, i.e. areasclose to the sea.

· Stainless steels for use in tropical marine areas, as specified byTLM, shall be protected externally before transporting to site andthe protection maintained during construction and operation atsite. Protection of welds and associated heat-affected zones ismost important. Any painting specification used in the context ofthis Section shall be subject to TLM approval.

· Ferritic contamination of stainless steel component shall beavoided.

9. SOUR SERVICE WITH HYROGEN - FAILURE MECHANISMS

9.1. General

9.1.1. Sulphide stress cracking is brought about by diffusion of atomichydrogen into steel from the corrosion reaction at the metal surface.This hydrogen diffusion can also cause deterioration or failure ofequipment from two other related mechanisms, namely hydrogenblistering and 'step' cracking, which are not covered by the NACEStandard. Hydrogen blistering and step cracking are encountered mostfrequently in carbon and carbon manganese steels and it should benoted that these failure mechanisms operate both within the sourservice conditions defined in the NACE Standard and also at lower totaland partial pressures of H2S than are specified in the NACE Standardfor SSC. The phenomena of hydrogen blistering and 'step' cracking canoccur not only within the SSC regions of the appropriate graphs, butalso within the areas of these graphs regarded as 'safe' with respect toSSC.

9.2. Hydrogen Blistering in Vessels and Pipework

9.2.1. Diffusing atomic hydrogen collects and converts to molecular hydrogen

at voids and inclusions. Sufficient pressure builds up at these points todeform the steel and produce blisters. The degree of deterioration isrelated to the corrosiveness of the process stream and the cleanlinessof the steel.

Hydrogen blistering may be prevented by:

41 Inhibiting the process stream,o Applying a protective lining to the steel surface, oro Using steels with very low levels of inclusions. The method

appropriate to particular plant and equipment will be specified orsubject to approval by TLM.

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9.3. "Step" Cracking in Pipeline Steels

9.3.1. This failure mode is confined essentially to those controlled rolled steels,which contain appreciable quantities of Type II MnS inclusions. Suchinclusions are present throughout the pipe wall in the form of elongatedplatelets. Diffusing hydrogen collects at the inclusion sites and builds upsuffcient pressure to cause de-cohesion along the inclusion/steelinterface, producing a crack-like defect parallel to the pipe surface. Thiscracking can occur in mechanically low and high strength steels evenwithout the application of stress. The linking together by ductile tearing,or hydrogen cracking, under applied stress of a number of these paralleldefects can produce a step-like crack through the pipe walL.

9.3.2. Pipeline steels for sour service shall have inclusion morphologies, whichwill not lead to 'step' cracking.

10. SOUR SERVICE WITH CHLORIDES - REQUIREMENTS FOR AUSTENTICSTAINLESS STEELS

10.1.1. Austenitic stainless steels shall be in the solution-annealed condition.

10.1.2. Bends in pipework and tubing and other cold formed items shall besolution annealed at 1050 °C (1920 OF) or stress relieved at 900/950 °C(1650/1740 OF) after forming.

10.1.3. Austenitic stainless steels are not acceptable for bellows or othercomponents in the cold worked or highly stressed condition. The NACEStandard prohibits the use of cold worked austenitic stainless steels.Incoloy 825 is an acceptable material among others for this duty.

10.1.4. For welded equipment, stabilized or low carbon grades shall be used,and unless otherwise approved by TLM, all welded items shall be eithersolution annealed at 1050°C (1920°F) or stress relieved at 900/950°C(1650/1740 OF).

10.1.5. Because of the significantly greater risk of crevice corrosion insour/chloride service, the use of socket welded fittings, screwedcouplings or any other weld detail, which could result in a crevice on theprocess side, is not permitted.

10.1.6. Fusion-bonded overlays of Stellite or Colmonoy may be applied tostabilized or low carbon grades of austenitic stainless steels, providedthat the component is subsequently heated rapidly to 900/950 °C

(1650/1740 OF), held for 1 hour per 25 mm (1 in) of thickness and cooled

in still air.

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11. SOUR SERVICE WITH CAUSTIC OR OTHER ALKALINE PROCESS FLUIDS

11.1. General Requirements for Carbon Steel Equipment

11.1.1. Carbon steel is generally an acceptable material for handling certaincaustic soda and other alkaline solutions. However, it has limitations inthat stress corrosion cracking can occur unless the equipment is stressrelieved, also unacceptable general corrosion can take place at highertemperatures.

11.1.2. The stress relief details, including upper temperature limits as proposedby the Vendor for carbon steel vessels and pipework in caustic sodaand other alkaline service, shall require prior TLM approval. Stress reliefshall be applied to the whole vessel, and to welds, cold bends, etc. inthe case of pipework.

11.1.3. The Designer shall make due allowance for general corrosion.

11.1.4. Material selection for caustic soda or other alkaline solutions shall besubject to approval by TLM.

11.1.5. Material selection for other equipment, e.g. pumps, shall be subject toapproval by TLM.

11.2. Sour Streams Containing Potassium Carbonate

11.2.1. Some sweetening plants employ a potassium carbonate solution(normally between 20 and 30% concentration), which can cause stresscorrosion cracking of welded carbon steel components. All welds incontact with such fluids, whether in vessels or pipework, shall be stressrelieved. A hardness limit of 200 HV10 (HRc20) alone is not acceptable.

11.3. Sour Streams Containing Amines

11.3.1. To avoid, stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel welds exposed tovarious amine solutions used in hydrogen sulphide sweetening plants,stress relieving of all welds is required of the design temperatures areabove the following values:

. MEADEA, ADIP & MDEA

65°C (149°F)90°C (194°F).

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ADDENDUM 11

Talisman Energy

Sour Service Piping Specifications 1

The following specifications must be met for ALL Talisman Sour Service pipingapplications. It is I MPERATIVE that the TalismanlColt representative ordering materialis aware of these specifications and should ask for Sour Service in writing where

applicable. It is equally imperative that the CE Franklin or Vendor representative

receiving the order ensure that they confirm with the TalismanlColt representative

ordering the material if it is required for Sour Service. This should be confirmed withEVERY order to ensure accuracy and that the material supplied meets specification.The following specifications apply to pipe (SMLS & ERW), butt weld fittings and flanges.In the case of pipe and fittings requested to a CSA specification the CSA requirementswill prevaiL.

SPECIFICATIONS

. All material must meet NACE MR-01-75 Latest edition

. Material maximum hardness shall not exceed 200 BHN (=Rc 13). Weld Procedures

shall specify hardness that does not exceed 200 BHN (=Rc 13). Welder to bequalified to weld procedures.

. All material must have a Carbon Equivalent (CE) of less than .44. Following formula

should be used to calculate CE for each heat number

(CE) Carbon Equivalent = C + Mn + Cr + Mo + V + Ni + CU6 5 15If the MTR being used does not report all required elements for above formula, thefollowing formula should be used.

(CE) Carbon Equivalent = C + Mn + 0.056

D Sulphur content shall not exceed the levels as specified in the particular ASTM orCSA material specification

. Fasteners (studs, nuts) must meet NACE MR-01-75 Latest edition requirements.

1. Addendum to Talisman Energy Inc.'s specification ES1.A408, Materials forSour Service and Colt Piping Material specification GS903.02. For use onTalisman Energy Inc. projects.

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