MATERIALES 3D PRINTING - adiac.tech...All Markforged composite machines are equipped to print Onyx....
Transcript of MATERIALES 3D PRINTING - adiac.tech...All Markforged composite machines are equipped to print Onyx....
Onyx | Fibra de Carbono | Fibra de Vidrio | Kevlar
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CompositesMATERIAL DATASHEET
Plastic Matrix Test (ASTM) Onyx Onyx FR Nylon W
Tensile Modulus (GPa) D638 1.4 1.3 1.7
Tensile Stress at Yield (MPa) D638 36 29 51
Tensile Strain at Yield (%) D638 25 33 4.5
Tensile Stress at Break (MPa) D638 30 31 36
Tensile Strain at Break (%) D638 58 58 150
Flexural Strength (MPa) D7901 81 79 50
Flexural Modulus (GPa) D7901 3.6 4.0 1.4
Heat Deflection Temp (oC) D648 B 145 145 41
Flame Resistance UL94 — V-02 —
Izod Impact - notched (J/m) D256-10 A 330 — 110
Density (g/cm3) — 1.2 1.2 1.1
Fiber Reinforcement Test (ASTM) Carbon Kevlar® Fiberglass HSHT FG
Tensile Strength (MPa) D3039 800 610 590 600
Tensile Modulus (GPa) D3039 60 27 21 21
Tensile Strain at Break (%) D3039 1.5 2.7 3.8 3.9
Flexural Strength (MPa) D7901 540 240 200 420
Flexural Modulus (GPa) D7901 51 26 22 21
Flexural Strain at Break (%) D7901 1.2 2.1 1.1 2.2
Compressive Strength (MPa) D6641 320 97 140 192
Compressive Modulus (MPa) D6641 54 28 21 21
Compressive Strain at Break (%) D6641 0.7 1.5 — —
Heat Deflection Temp (oC) D648 B 105 105 105 150
Izod Impact - notched (J/m) D256-10 A 960 2000 2600 3100
Density (g/cm3) — 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.5
Dimensions and Construction of Plastic Test Specimens:
• Tensile test specimens: ASTM D638 type IV beams
• Flexural test specimens: 3-pt. Bending, 4.5 in (L) x 0.4 in (W) x 0.12 in (H)
• Heat-deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, 66 psi (ASTM D648-07 Method B)
All Markforged composite machines are equipped to print Onyx. Nylon White is available on the Mark Two and X7. Onyx FR is available on X3, X5, and X7.
Markforged parts are primarily composed of plastic matrix. Users may add one type of fiber reinforcement in each part, enhancing its material properties.
1. Measured by a method similar to ASTM D790. Thermoplastic-only parts do not break before end of flexural test.
2. Onyx FR is UL 94 V-0 Blue Card certified down to a thickness of 3mm.
Dimensions and Construction of Fiber CompositeTest Specimens:
• Test plaques used in these data are fiber reinforced unidirectionally (0° Plies)
• Tensile test specimens: 9.8 in (L) x 0.5 in (H) x 0.048 in (W) (CF composites), 9.8 in (L) x 0.5 in (H) x 0.08 in (W) (GF and Kevlar® composites)
• Compressive test specimens: 5.5 in (L) x 0.5 in (H) x 0.085 in (W) (CF composites), 5.5 in (L) x 0.5 in (H) x 0.12 in (W) (Kevlar® and FG composites)
• Flexural test specimens: 3-pt. Bending, 4.5 in (L) x 0.4 in (W) x 0.12 in (H)
• Heat-deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, 66 psi (ASTM D648-07 Method B)
Tensile, Compressive, Strain at Break, and Heat
Deflection Temperature data were provided by an accredited 3rd party test facility. Flexural data was prepared by Markforged. Inc. These represent typical values.
Markforged tests plaques are uniquely designed to maximize test performance. Fiber test plaques are fully filled with unidirectional fiber and printed without walls. Plastic test plaques are printed with full infill. To learn more about specific testing conditions or to request test parts for internal testing, contact a Markforged representative. All customer parts should be tested in accordance to customer’s specifications.
Part and material performance will vary by fiber layout design, part design, specific load conditions, test conditions, build conditions, and the like.
This representative data were tested, measured, or calculated using standard methods and are subject to change without notice. Markforged makes no warranties of any kind, express or implied, including, but not limited to, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular use, or warranty against patent infringement; and assumes no liability in connection with the use of this information. The data listed here should not be used to establish design, quality control, or specification limits, and are not intended to substitute for your own testing to determine suitability for your particular application. Nothing in this sheet is to be construed as a license to operate under or a recommendation to infringe upon any intellectual property right.
REV 3.2 - 9/9/2019
Fiber ReinforcementContinuous Filament Fabrication (CFF) is proprietary technology that reinforces
plastic printed parts with continuous fibers on each layer of a part. Users can
control the layers reinforced, amount, orientation, and type of reinforcing fiber.
Plastic MatrixIn Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), a printer heats thermoplastic filament to
near melting point and extrudes it through its nozzle, building a plastic matrix
layer by layer. Plastics can be reinforced by any one type of fiber.
CompositesMATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS
markforged.com 480 Pleasant St, Watertown, MA 02472REV 3.2 - 9/9/2019
Carbon FiberCarbon Fiber has the highest strength-to-weight ratio of our reinforcing fibers. Six
times stronger and eighteen times stiffer than Onyx, Carbon Fiber reinforcement
is commonly used for parts that replace machined aluminum.
FiberglassFiberglass is our entry level continuous fiber, providing high strength at an
accessible price. 2.5 times stronger and eight times stiffer than Onyx, Fiberglass
reinforcement results in strong, robust tools.
Kevlar®Kevlar® possesses excellent durability, making it optimal for parts that experience
repeated and sudden loading. As stiff as fiberglass and much more ductile, it can
be used for a wide variety of applications.
OnyxOnyx is a chopped carbon fiber reinforced nylon. It’s 1.4 times stronger and
stiffer than ABS and can be reinforced with any continuous fiber. Onyx sets the
bar for surface finish, chemical resistivity, and heat tolerance.
Onyx FROnyx FR is a Blue Card certified UL94 V-0 material that possesses similar
mechanical properties to Onyx. It’s best for applications in which flame
retardancy, light weight, and strength are required.
HSHT FiberglassHigh Strength High Temperature (HSHT) Fiberglass exhibits aluminum strength
and high heat tolerance. Five times as strong and seven times as stiff as Onyx, it’s
best used for parts loaded in high operating temperatures.
Nylon WhiteNylon White parts are smooth, non-abrasive, and easily painted. They can
be reinforced with any continuous fiber and work best for non-marring work
holding, repeated handling, and cosmetic parts.
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Markforged composite printers use a base plastic matrix reinforced with continuous fibers. Combining the materials during printing yields composite parts far stronger, stiffer, and more robust than conventional 3D printed plastics.
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Onyx FR
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ABS
Flexural Strength: 81 MPa
Flexural Strength: 79 MPa
Flexural Strength: 50 MPa
Flexural Strength: 540 MPa
Flexural Strength: 200 MPa
Flexural Strength: 240 MPa
Flexural Strength: 420 MPa
MetalesMateriales
Acero Inoxidable | Inconel | Acero para Herramienta
Impresión 3D
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markforged.com 480 Pleasant St, Watertown, MA 02472
17-4 PH Stainless SteelMATERIAL DATASHEET
Typical Mechanical Properties Standard Markforged H900 MIM H900 ASTM A564 H900
Ultimate Tensile Strength ASTM E8 1250 MPa 1190 MPa 1310 MPa
0.2% Yield Strength ASTM E8 1100 MPa 1090 MPa 1170 MPa
Elongation at Break ASTM E8 6% 6% 10%
Tensile Modulus ASTM E8 170 GPa 190 GPa 190 GPa
Hardness ASTM E18 36 HRC 33 HRC 40 HRC
Corrosion ASTM F1089 Pass Pass Pass
Relative Density — ≥ 96% 95.5% 100%
Composition Amount
Chromium 15-17.5%
Nickel 3-5%
Copper 3-5%
Silicon 1% max
Manganese 1% max
Niobium 0.15-0.45%
Carbon 0.07% max
Phosphorous 0.04% max
Sulfur 0.03% max
Iron bal
Markforged H900 Heat Treated17-4 PH stainless steel processed with the Markforged
Metal X system heat treated to H900 specification.
ASTM A564 H900 Heat TreatedASTM A564 17-4 PH stainless steel heat treated to
H900 specification.
MIM H900 Heat Treated17-4 PH MIM standard stainless steel heat treated to
H900 specification.
REV 2.0 - 7/25/2018
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Wrought 17-4 PH SS
Markforged 17-4 PH SS
All data and graphs on front page reflect values of H900 heat treated 17-4 PH SS. Markforged represent typical tested values values, while MIM H900 and Wrought H900 represent typical reference values from MPIF Standard 35. For values of Markforged printed 17-4 PH SS as-sintered and with H1150 heat treatment, please see the reverse side. All composition and “As-Sintered” data verified by a third party test facility. All microstructure images etched and photographed at Markforged.
100um100um100um
Typical Mechanical Properties Standard As Sintered H900 H1150
Ultimate Tensile Strength ASTM E8 1050 MPa 1250 MPa 950 MPa
0.2% Yield Strength ASTM E8 800 MPa 1100 MPa 880 MPa
Elongation at Break ASTM E8 5% 6% 10%
Tensile Modulus ASTM E8 140 GPa 170 GPa 170 GPa
Hardness ASTM E18 30 HRC 36 HRC 32 HRC
Corrosion ASTM F1089 Pass Pass Pass
Relative Density — ≥ 96% ≥ 96% ≥ 96%
17-4 PH Stainless SteelADDITIONAL DATA
Values listed below compare Markforged samples processed in three different ways: As-Sintered, heat treated to H900 standard, and heat treated to H1150 standard.
These representative data were tested, measured, or calculated using standard methods and are subject to change without notice. Markforged makes no warranties of any kind, express or implied, including, but not limited to, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular use, or warranty against patent infringement; and assumes no liability in connection with the use of this information. The data listed here should not be used to establish design, quality control, or specification limits, and are not intended to substitute for your own testing to determine suitability for your particular application. Nothing in this sheet is to be construed as a license to operate under or a recommendation to infringe upon any intellectual property right.
markforged.com 480 Pleasant St, Watertown, MA 02472REV 2.0 - 7/25/2018
markforged.com 480 Pleasant St, Watertown, MA 02472
Inconel 625MATERIAL DATASHEET
Typical Mechanical Properties Standard Markforged As-Sintered Wrought AMS 55991
Ultimate Tensile Strength ASTM E8 765 MPa 827 MPa
0.2% Yield Strength ASTM E8 334 MPa 414 MPa
Elongation at Break ASTM E8 42% 30%
Hardness ASTM E18 7 HRC 0-19 HRC
Relative Density2 ASTM B923 96.5% 100%
Composition Amount
Chromium 20-23%
Molybdenum 8-10%
Iron 5% max
Niobium 3.15-4.15%
Cobalt 1% max
Manganese 0.5% max
Silicon 0.5% max
Aluminum 0.4% max
Titanium 0.4% max
Carbon 0.1% max
Phosphorus 0.015% max
Sulfur 0.015% max
Nickel bal
REV 1.1 -11/5/2019
1. Wrought AMS 5599 data represent minimum values, except for Hardness.2. Relative density for Inconel 625 assumes a reference density of 8.44 g/cm2. 3. ASTM E21 elevated temperature testing was conducted by 3rd party NADCAP lab. Samples were printed in XY and gauge length was machined to size.
These data represent typical values for Markforged Inconel 625 as-sintered. Markforged samples were printed as fully dense parts with 100% infill. Hardness and density data were tested in house, and all other data were tested and confirmed by outside sources. These representative data were tested, measured, or calculated using stan-dard methods and are subject to change without notice. Markforged makes no warranties of any kind, express or implied.
250um
Other Designations: UNS N06625, ISO NW6625, DIN 17744
Inconel 625 is a nickel-chromium based superalloy that is highly resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. It’s easy to print; allowing you to make functional prototypes and end-use parts for harsh environments. Markforged Inconel 625 meets chemical requirements of ASTM B443.
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Markforged Inconel 625 As-SinteredInconel 625 printed on the Metal X, washed in the Wash-1, and sintered in the
Sinter-1. As-Sintered microstructure captured at 100x is pictured to the right.
markforged.com 480 Pleasant St, Watertown, MA 02472
D2 Tool SteelMATERIAL DATASHEET
Typical Mechanical Properties StandardMarkforged As-Sintered
Markforged Heat-Treated1
Wrought Heat Treated2
0.2% Compressive Yield Strength ASTM E9 830 MPa 1690 MPa 2200 MPa
Elastic Modulus ASTM E9 170 GPa 187 GPa 210 GPa
Hardness3 ASTM E18 54 HRC 60 HRC 62 HRC
Relative Density4 ASTM B923 97% 97% 100%
Composition Amount
Chromium 11-13%
Carbon 1.4-1.6%
Molybdenum 0.7-1.2%
Vanadium 0.5-1.1%
Nickel + Copper 0.75% max
Manganese 0.1-0.6%
Silicon 0.1-0.6%
Phosphorus 0.03% max
Sulfur 0.03% max
Iron bal
REV 1.0 - 09/24/2019
1. Markforged heat-treated D2 tool steel was heated to 970°C (1780°F) and single tempered at 200°C (392°F) for 30 minutes. 2. Wrought heat treatment data from Bohler-Uddeholm: http://cdna.terasrenki.com/ds/1.2379_X153CrMoV12_AISI-D2_SS-2310_Datasheet_2.pdf3. Markforged hardness was measured on a sample coupon that was printed at 100% infill and has a 25 mm diameter and 10 mm height.4. Relative density for D2 assumes a density of 7.7 g/cm2. 5. Tempering temperature has a significant effect on final material properties. For higher hardness, temper at low temperatures. For higher toughness, temper at higher temperatures.
These data represent typical values for Markforged D2 Tool Steel as-sintered. Markforged samples were printed as fully dense parts with 100% infill. Hardness and density data were tested in house, and all other data were tested and confirmed by outside sources. These representative data were tested, measured, or calculated using stan-dard methods and are subject to change without notice. Markforged makes no warranties of any kind, express or implied.
500um
Other Designations: DIN 12379, ASTM A681, UNS T30402, BD 2
Heat TreatmentD2 tool steel can be heat-treated to increase hardness and durability after an optional annealing step and machining work. Markforged recommends heat-treating D2 tool steel to optimize material properties, though it can be used as-sintered.
1. Heat D2 Tool Steel part in a standard (non-vacuum) furnace to 1000°C (1830°F) . Hold part at temperature for 30-45 minutes.2. Air quench part to below 65°C (150 °F).3. Temper D2 Tool Steel part in a standard furnace. For each temper, heat part to 200°C5 (392°F) and temper for 30 minutes. If double tempering,
let part cool to room temperature between tempers.
D2 tool steel is a high carbon, high chromium air-hardening tool steel that can be heat treated to high hardness and compressive strength. D2 offers excellent wear resistance and is widely used in cold work applications that require sharp edges, abrasion resistance, and compressive strength. Markforged D2 meets chemical requirements of ASTM A681.
markforged.com 480 Pleasant St, Watertown, MA 02472
H13 Tool SteelMATERIAL DATASHEET
Typical Mechanical Properties StandardMarkforged As-Sintered
Markforged Heat Treated
Wrought Heat Treated*
Ultimate Tensile Strength ASTM E8 1420 MPa 1500 MPa 1580 MPa
0.2% Yield Strength ASTM E8 800 MPa 1250 MPa 1360 MPa
Elongation at Break ASTM E8 5% 5% 14%
Hardness ASTM E18 40 HRC 45 HRC 46 HRC
Relative Density — ≥ 94.5% ≥ 94.5% 100%
Composition Amount
Chromium 4.7-5.5%
Molybdenum 1.3-1.7%
Silicon 0.8-1.2%
Vanadium 0.8-1.2%
Carbon 0.3-0.45%
Manganese 0.2-0.5%
Phosphorous 0.03% max
Sulfur 0.03% max
Iron bal
REV 1.0 -12/11/2018
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H13 MarkforgedHeat Treated
These data represent typical values for Markforged H13 Tool Steel as-sintered and after heat treatment. Values were tested in house, and both material composition and “As-Sintered” data were confirmed by outside testing. These representative data were tested, measured, or calculated using standard methods and are subject to change without notice. Markforged makes no warranties of any kind, express or implied.*Wrought Heat Treated data included in table only. Data from ASM Specialty Handbook: Tool Materials page 140
50um
Markforged H13 As-SinteredH13 Tool Steel printed on the Metal X, washed in the Wash-1, and sintered
in the Sinter-1. As Sintered Microstructure is pictured to the left.
Markforged H13 Heat TreatedH13 Tool Steel printed with the Metal X system, air quenched at 1010C,
and double tempered at 600C
Wrought H13 Heat TreatedWrought H13 tool steel standard from ASM Specialty Handbook - air
quenched at 1010C and double tempered at 600C.
markforged.com 480 Pleasant St, Watertown, MA 02472
A2 Tool SteelMATERIAL DATASHEET
Typical Mechanical Properties StandardMarkforged As-Sintered
Markforged Heat-Treated1
Wrought Heat Treated
0.2% Compressive Yield Strength ASTM E9 900 MPa 1170 MPa —
Elastic Modulus ASTM E9 180 GPa 160 GPa 190 GPa
Hardness ASTM E18 52 HRC 60 HRC 63 HRC
Relative Density — ≥ 94.5% ≥ 94.5% 100%
Composition Amount
Chromium 4.75-5.5%
Molybdenum 0.9-1.4%
Carbon 0.95-1.05%
Manganese 0.4-1%
Phosphorus 0.3% max
Vanadium 0.15-0.5%
Silicon 0.1-0.5%
Iron bal
REV 1.1 - 06/01/2019
1. Markforged heat-treated A2 tool steel was heated to 970°C (1780°F) and single tempered at 200°C (392°F) for 30 minutes. 2. Tempering temperature has a significant effect on final material properties. For higher hardness, temper at low temperatures. For higher toughness, temper at higher temperatures.
These data represent typical values for Markforged A2 Tool Steel as-sintered. Markforged samples were printed as fully dense parts with 100% infill. Hardness data were tested in house, and all other data were tested and confirmed by outside sources. These representative data were tested, measured, or calculated using standard methods and are subject to change without notice. Markforged makes no warranties of any kind, express or implied.
150um
Other Designations: UNS T30102, DIN 1.2363 , X100CrMoV5, SKD12, BA2
Heat TreatmentA2 tool steel can be heat-treated to increase hardness and durability. Markforged recommends heat-treating A2 tool steel to opti-mize material properties, though it can be used as-sintered.
1. Heat A2 Tool Steel part in a standard (non vacuum) furnace to 970°C (1780°F) . Hold part at temperature for 30-45 minutes.2. Air quench part to below 65°C (150 °F).3. Double temper A2 Tool Steel part in a standard furnace. For each temper, heat part to 150-550°C2 (302-1022°F) and temper for 2 hours, or 1
hour per inch of thickness. If double tempering, let part cool to room temperature between tempers.
A2 tool steel is a highly versatile air-hardening tool steel often regarded as a “universal” cold work steel. It offers a combination of good wear resistance (between O1 and D2) and toughness. Considered relatively easy to machine in the annealed condition, it has a high compression strength and good dimensional stability during hardening and tempering. It’s used for a wide variety of cold-work tools, from forming and cutting equipment to high wear parts.