MATERIAL AND METHODS
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MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was done between June 2010 and June 2011, in a cow farm for the production of milk, where a yearthrough type of food is applied. From the study it was put, the impact of energetic composition and the report against the level of complex fermented fibers against the total of dry patter that cause the appearance of lamint in cows. The structure of the food portion (ratio) was processed with tabelar values from McDonald P. e bp. (1995) and the amount of Dry Matter (DM), amount of slight fermented fibers (NDF), amount of complex fermented fibers (CF), total metabolic energy (ME) and metabolic energy (FME) was set. CONCLUSIONS 1. Structure used food ration to cows milk plays an important role in the emergence of laminitis. 2. Farms that use foods with low levels of cellulose (under 25 %) and high levels (over 85 %) of carbohydrate which are easily fermentable expressed in energy metabolised have laminitis high incidence in cows. 3. Farms that use portions of food with levels 35 % cellulose and 68 % carbohydrate easily fermentable expressed with energy metabolise have laminitis low THE AMOUNT OF METABOLIC ENGERGY IN THE FOOD RATIO AND LAMINITI OF THE COW ABSTRACT The impact of the structure of the food ratio in cows for the appearance of laminiti, has been studied in two groups of experiment cows with a stallor breeding regime (1,5,8) . There were taken into consideration factors such as: indicators of the composition of the food ratio, reports of the slight fermented fibers (NDF) and the complex fermented fibers (CF) against the dry matter (DM) and reports of fermented energy (FME) against the total of energy in the ration (ME). The evaluation of the metabolic state was done with the selection for the group animals and individuals with laminit, based on the level of glucose and alcalic reserve in serum. In the group of cows that were fed with portions where the ratio of metabolic energy against the total energy was 87-89 % and the content of celulose less than 23 – 26 % against dry matter, the presence of laminit was detected in 32.1 % of the cows. In the cows in the group where the ratio of metabolic energy against the total energy was 73 – 77 % and celulose in the food portion was 29-33 %, the laminit was detected in 19.2% of the cows. In the cows that suffered clinicaly from the laminit syndrome, glucose was avarage 1,85 ± 0,04 mMol/liter. The level of alcalic reserve in mg% NaOH consumed in the titration was within the average values (244,6 ± 8,84 mg%). Glicemia showed strong correlative relationship (r = - 0,686) and statistically proven (P > 0,999) when appearance of laminit. The variations of the level of alcalic reserve did not show any impact in the presence of laminit in the cows. 10th NATIONAL CONGRESS OF S.I.R.A. 1st Balkan Conference on the Biology of Reproduction in Farm Animals and in Aquaculture Tirana, Albania, May 23 – 25, 2012 LITERATURE 1.Brown MS. Evaluation model of acute and subacute acidosis. J. of animal science 78:3155-3168(2000); 2. Ceroni V. Ketoza në lopët e qumështit (Monografia) (2005); 3. Clakson ML. Incidence and prevalence of lameness in dairy cow (1996); 4. Guard C. Laminitis in dairy cow. Bovine procedings. Nr. 28; 71-74. Vet. Rec. 138 (23):563-567 (1995); 5. Manson FJ. The influence of concentrate amount on locomotion and clinical lameness in dairy cows. Animal production 47:185-190 (1988); 6. Mortensen. Bovine laminitis, clinical and pathological. Inter. symp. On disorder of ruminant digit 210-226 (1994); 7. McDonald P. Animal nutrition (1995); 8. Nocek JE. Bovine acidosis, implication in laminitis (1996). The conjuction between glicemisie level and number of cows with laminit expressed in linear regresit schedule. (r = - 0.686 ) The conjuction between metabolised energy level in order and number of cows with laminit expressed in linear regresit schedule. r = 0.753 The food portion (ratio) used in the groups of cows, for the first group showed 76.76 MJ (the ratio between slight fermented energy (FME) against total energy (ME) 84.59%) and for the second group 48.96 MJ (68.60%). Contents of celulose (CF) in ratio with the dry matter was 24.41% in the first group and 35.99% in the second group, while the content of slight fermented fibers (NDF) was 45.12% in the first group and 37.73% in the second group. From the metabolic indicators it was observed that the cows in the first group a lower level of glicemia was detected during the whole time of the experiment. In the level of alcalic reserve there werent much differences between the groups and also in comparesment with the average there were no big differences (1,2) . The outcome data is statistically proven. In the end of the period of the experiment we concluded clinically the hitching syndrome in 14 heads or 25.92%. From the cows with the hitching syndrome, 9 heads (32.1%) were from the first group and 5 heads (19.2%) were from the second. The biggest number of heads with laminit was observed in the 4th and 5th month, after the begining of the experiment. The appearance of laminit in cows is a slow process that is closely connected to the ingredients and structure of the food portion (ratio) (1,5,7,8) . The low level of celulose, under 25% and hight level of metabolic energy, over 75%, in the foor portion (ratio) are cause for the birth of the laminit syndrome in cows, since these create the conditions for the presence of rumen acidose. The appearance of rumen acidose affects the microbic review of rumens flora, bringing a more active development of the microflora (S. bovis and Lactobacilus) and the intensification of lactic fermentation (1) . In conditions of consuming the food portion with high energetic level for a longer time, the occurrence of lamint in cows goes up to 32.1 %. INTRODUCTION Laminit in cattles is an aseptic inflammation of the lamelar corium in the walls of the hooves, which is spread in the surface of the subsoil (6) . Laminit accompained with hitching presents the most common and costly syndrome for cows in farms that breed animals with high volume of milk productivity and a high number of heads (3,4,5) . The root causes of laminit are different factors connected even to the way of the animals being fed. Excess carbohydrades in foor portions, or slightly fermended, are commonly a cause for finding the acidose which in time is the cause of birth of lamint in cows (5,1,6) . The studys aim is to clarify the linkof cause between the structure of the food ratio and lamint in cows. RESULTS Metabolic indicators of food ration, according to groups of cows The average level of glucose in cows of the experiment groups, each month Cow with lameness syndrome, according to months and experiment groups The statistical processing of the data showed that there is a strong correlation of a negative caracter (r = - 0.868) between the level of glicemia in cows and the number of cows with laminit. Strong correlative connection of that of the negative caracter (r = - 0.698) was also between the contents of celulose in food portion and number of cows with laminit, also between the level of metabolic energy in portion (ratio) and number of cows with laminit. The connection was also strong (r = 0.753) but of positive carater. Cow with lameness syndrome by groups and months of the experiment. Cows group Dry matter (DM) kg. Cellulose (CF) kg Fibres ferment easly. (NDF) kg. Total energy (ME) në MJ Metabolized energy. (FME) në MJ Group I 8.15 1.99 3.67 88.23 74.64 In % 100 % 24.41 (23 – 26) % 45.12 % 100 % 84.59 (87 – 89) % Group II 8.64 3.11 3.26 71.36 48.96 In % 100 % 35.99 (33 – 38) % 37.73 % 100 % 68.60 (67 – 71) % Groups of cows (Leaders) Cow with laminit in each month Leaders, in % Oct. Novem. Dec. Januar y Februa ry March April Group I (28) - 1 1 2 3 1 1 9 = 32.1 % Group II (26) - - - 2 2 - 1 5 = 19.2 % Amount heads = 54 - 1 1 4 6 2 3 14 = 25.92 % Cows group Average glucose level by months mMol / liter (M ± m) Average October Novemb Decemb January Februar y March April Group I 2.01±0. 02 1.96±0. 01 1.92±0. 03 1.87±0. 02 1.84±0. 04 1.84±0. 02 1.83±0. 03 1.86±0. 02 Group II 2.21±0. 03 2.16±0. 03 1.92±0. 01 2.17±0. 03 1.98±0. 02 1.88±0. 03 1.98±0. 02 1.98±0. 03 Nexhat MAZREKU Vangjel CERONI Emilian SHABANI For experimets, two groups of cows that were treated with different portions of food that contained different amount of complex fermented fibers and metabolic energy, were used. In continuality, the levels of metabolic indicators for the level of glucose and alcalic reserve were monitored, to show the level of acidose not only that of rumen (2) . Blood samples were analyzed every month during the whole period of the experiment. The level of glucose in blood was determined using the fast method, while the determining of alcalic reserve was done with the amount of NaOH spent for titration. For the groups of cows in the experiment, the presence of lamint was evidenced clinically. The results were processed statistically.
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10th NATIONAL CONGRESS OF S.I.R.A. 1st Balkan Conference on the Biology of Reproduction in Farm Animals and in Aquaculture Tirana, Albania, May 23 – 25, 2012. Nexhat MAZREKU Vangjel CERONI Emilian SHABANI. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of MATERIAL AND METHODS
MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was done between June 2010 and June 2011, in a cow farm for the production of milk, where a yearthrough type of food is applied. From the study it was put, the impact of energetic composition and the report against the level of complex fermented fibers against the total of dry patter that cause the appearance of lamint in cows. The structure of the food portion (ratio) was processed with tabelar values from McDonald P. e bp. (1995) and the amount of Dry Matter (DM), amount of slight fermented fibers (NDF), amount of complex fermented fibers (CF), total metabolic energy (ME) and metabolic energy (FME) was set.
CONCLUSIONS 1. Structure used food ration to cows milk plays an important role in the emergence of laminitis. 2. Farms that use foods with low levels of cellulose (under 25 %) and high levels (over 85 %) of carbohydrate which are easily fermentable expressed in energy metabolised have laminitis high incidence in cows.3. Farms that use portions of food with levels 35 % cellulose and 68 % carbohydrate easily fermentable expressed with energy metabolise have laminitis low incidence in cows.
THE AMOUNT OF METABOLIC ENGERGY IN THE FOOD RATIO AND LAMINITI OF THE COW
ABSTRACT The impact of the structure of the food ratio in cows for the appearance of laminiti, has been studied in two groups of experiment cows with a stallor breeding regime (1,5,8). There were taken into consideration factors such as: indicators of the composition of the food ratio, reports of the slight fermented fibers (NDF) and the complex fermented fibers (CF) against the dry matter (DM) and reports of fermented energy (FME) against the total of energy in the ration (ME). The evaluation of the metabolic state was done with the selection for the group animals and individuals with laminit, based on the level of glucose and alcalic reserve in serum. In the group of cows that were fed with portions where the ratio of metabolic energy against the total energy was 87-89 % and the content of celulose less than 23 – 26 % against dry matter, the presence of laminit was detected in 32.1 % of the cows. In the cows in the group where the ratio of metabolic energy against the total energy was 73 – 77 % and celulose in the food portion was 29-33 %, the laminit was detected in 19.2% of the cows. In the cows that suffered clinicaly from the laminit syndrome, glucose was avarage 1,85 ± 0,04 mMol/liter. The level of alcalic reserve in mg% NaOH consumed in the titration was within the average values (244,6 ± 8,84 mg%). Glicemia showed strong correlative relationship (r = - 0,686) and statistically proven (P > 0,999) when appearance of laminit. The variations of the level of alcalic reserve did not show any impact in the presence of laminit in the cows.
10th NATIONAL CONGRESS OF S.I.R.A.1st Balkan Conference on the Biology of Reproduction in Farm Animals and in Aquaculture
Tirana, Albania, May 23 – 25, 2012
LITERATURE1.Brown MS. Evaluation model of acute and subacute acidosis. J. of animal science 78:3155-3168(2000); 2. Ceroni V. Ketoza në lopët e qumështit (Monografia) (2005);3. Clakson ML. Incidence and prevalence of lameness in dairy cow (1996); 4. Guard C. Laminitis in dairy cow. Bovine procedings. Nr. 28; 71-74. Vet. Rec. 138 (23):563-567 (1995); 5. Manson FJ. The influence of concentrate amount on locomotion and clinical lameness in dairy cows. Animal production 47:185-190 (1988); 6. Mortensen. Bovine laminitis, clinical and pathological. Inter. symp. On disorder of ruminant digit 210-226 (1994); 7. McDonald P. Animal nutrition (1995); 8. Nocek JE. Bovine acidosis, implication in laminitis (1996).
The conjuction between glicemisie level and number of cows with laminit expressed in linear regresit schedule. (r = - 0.686 )
The conjuction between metabolised energy level in order and number of cows with laminit expressed in linear regresit schedule. r = 0.753
The food portion (ratio) used in the groups of cows, for the first group showed 76.76 MJ (the ratio between slight fermented energy (FME) against total energy (ME) 84.59%) and for the second group 48.96 MJ (68.60%). Contents of celulose (CF) in ratio with the dry matter was 24.41% in the first group and 35.99% in the second group, while the content of slight fermented fibers (NDF) was 45.12% in the first group and 37.73% in the second group. From the metabolic indicators it was observed that the cows in the first group a lower level of glicemia was detected during the whole time of the experiment. In the level of alcalic reserve there werent much differences between the groups and also in comparesment with the average there were no big differences (1,2). The outcome data is statistically proven.
In the end of the period of the experiment we concluded clinically the hitching syndrome in 14 heads or 25.92%. From the cows with the hitching syndrome, 9 heads (32.1%) were from the first group and 5 heads (19.2%) were from the second. The biggest number of heads with laminit was observed in the 4th and 5th month, after the begining of the experiment.
The appearance of laminit in cows is a slow process that is closely connected to the ingredients and structure of the food portion (ratio) (1,5,7,8). The low level of celulose, under 25% and hight level of metabolic energy, over 75%, in the foor portion (ratio) are cause for the birth of the laminit syndrome in cows, since these create the conditions for the presence of rumen acidose. The appearance of rumen acidose affects the microbic review of rumens flora, bringing a more active development of the microflora (S. bovis and Lactobacilus) and the intensification of lactic fermentation (1). In conditions of consuming the food portion with high energetic level for a longer time, the occurrence of lamint in cows goes up to 32.1 %.
INTRODUCTIONLaminit in cattles is an aseptic inflammation of the lamelar corium in the walls of the hooves, which is spread in the surface of the subsoil (6). Laminit accompained with hitching presents the most common and costly syndrome for cows in farms that breed animals with high volume of milk productivity and a high number of heads (3,4,5). The root causes of laminit are different factors connected even to the way of the animals being fed. Excess carbohydrades in foor portions, or slightly fermended, are commonly a cause for finding the acidose which in time is the cause of birth of lamint in cows (5,1,6). The studys aim is to clarify the linkof cause between the structure of the food ratio and lamint in cows.
RESULTS Metabolic indicators of food ration, according to groups of cows
The average level of glucose in cows of the experiment groups, each month
Cow with lameness syndrome, according to months and experiment groups
The statistical processing of the data showed that there is a strong correlation of a negative caracter (r = - 0.868) between the level of glicemia in cows and the number of cows with laminit. Strong correlative connection of that of the negative caracter (r = - 0.698) was also between the contents of celulose in food portion and number of cows with laminit, also between the level of metabolic energy in portion (ratio) and number of cows with laminit. The connection was also strong (r = 0.753) but of positive carater.
Cow with lameness syndrome by groups and months of the experiment.
Cows group
Dry matter (DM) kg.
Cellulose (CF) kg
Fibres ferment easly. (NDF) kg.
Total energy (ME) në MJ
Metabolized energy. (FME) në MJ
Group I 8.15 1.99 3.67 88.23 74.64
In % 100 % 24.41 (23 – 26) % 45.12 % 100 % 84.59 (87 – 89) %
Group II 8.64 3.11 3.26 71.36 48.96
In % 100 % 35.99 (33 – 38) % 37.73 % 100 % 68.60 (67 – 71) %
Groups of cows (Leaders)
Cow with laminit in each month Leaders, in % Oct. Novem. Dec. January February March April
Group I (28) - 1 1 2 3 1 1 9 = 32.1 % Group II (26) - - - 2 2 - 1 5 = 19.2 %
Amount heads = 54 - 1 1 4 6 2 3 14 = 25.92 %
Cows group
Average glucose level by months mMol / liter (M ± m) Average
October Novemb Decemb January February March April
Group I 2.01±0.02 1.96±0.01 1.92±0.03 1.87±0.02 1.84±0.04 1.84±0.02 1.83±0.03 1.86±0.02
Group II 2.21±0.03 2.16±0.03 1.92±0.01 2.17±0.03 1.98±0.02 1.88±0.03 1.98±0.02 1.98±0.03
Nexhat MAZREKU Vangjel CERONI Emilian SHABANI
For experimets, two groups of cows that were treated with different portions of food that contained different amount of complex fermented fibers and metabolic energy, were used. In continuality, the levels of metabolic indicators for the level of glucose and alcalic reserve were monitored, to show the level of acidose not only that of rumen (2). Blood samples were analyzed every month during the whole period of the experiment. The level of glucose in blood was determined using the fast method, while the determining of alcalic reserve was done with the amount of NaOH spent for titration. For the groups of cows in the experiment, the presence of lamint was evidenced clinically. The results were processed statistically.
