MATERIAL SELECTIONrip.eng.hawaii.edu/.../me481_materialSelection_20181107.pdf2018/11/07 ·...
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MATERIAL SELECTION ME 481 Senior Design I Fall 2018 Dr. Zhuoyuan Song Pe Giovanni, Brescia
Transcript of MATERIAL SELECTIONrip.eng.hawaii.edu/.../me481_materialSelection_20181107.pdf2018/11/07 ·...
MATERIAL SELECTIONME 481 Senior Design I
Fall 2018
Dr. Zhuoyuan Song
Pe Giovanni, Brescia
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 1 of 20
WhyShouldICare?
• The designer of any product, other than software must get involved with material selection.
• Only occasionally will the exact grade of material be specified by the customer.
• Even then the designer must understand the material to be able to design the product.
• Material selection is critical part of almost all engineering designs
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 2 of 20
WhyShouldICare?(Cont.)
M.Ashby,MaterialsSelectioninMechanicalDesign,2004.FromBardia Konh
Young’smodulus
Yieldstrength
Fracturetoughness
Density
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 3 of 20
WhyShouldICare?- Evolutionofmaterials
M.Ashby,MaterialsSelectioninMechanicalDesign,2004.
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 4 of 20
RoleofMaterialsSelectioninDesign• Materialsselectionisakeystepforasuccessfuldesign• Alargenumberofmaterialstoselectfrom• Discoveryofnewandadvancedmaterials
FunctionMechanicalProperties Failure
Mode Manufacturability
Cost EnvironmentalConsiderations
• Anabilitytoselectmaterialsthatbestmeetrequirementsofadesign
• AccesstoinformationandtoolsforcomparisonandselectionAdaptedfromBardia Konh
Processing
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 5 of 20
WhereDoIStart?• Textbooks
– Good for general information– Some have tables of properties– Not good for detailed specifications and properties– A useful first point of call
• Databooks (e.g., ASM’s Books on Metals)– One of the quickest sources of detailed information– Usually contain grades and specifications as well as properties– Small and perfectly formed – pocketbooks– Easy to navigate around
• Manufacturer’s literature– Variable in quality and usefulness– Often only cover their products– Usually do not compare materials– Can be biased– Good for final selection before ordering
• Internet Sites– Can be a real minefield– Lots of poorly presented information– Google searches bring up lots of rubbish– Hard to find technical information– Best to use non-commercial sites
Outline• Material property• Material selection• Sustainability
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 6 of 20
MaterialPropertiesPhysical– Density– Melting point– Vapor pressure– Viscosity– Porosity– Permeability– Reflectivity– Transparency– Optical properties– Dimensional stability
Chemical– Corrosion– Oxidation– Thermal stability– Biological stability– Stress Corrosion– ….
Electrical– Conductivity– Dielectric constant– Coersive force– Hysteresis
Thermal– Conductivity– Specific Heat– Thermal expansion– Emissivity
Mechanical– Hardness– Elastic constants– Yield strength– Ultimate strength– Fatigue– Fracture Toughness– Creep– Damping– Wear resistance– Spalling– Ballistic performance– …….
Bardia Konh
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 7 of 20
MaterialSelectionProcess
• AshbyMethodology
– Translation:Expressdesignrequirementsasconstraints&objectives– Screening:Eliminatematerialsthatcannotdothejob– Ranking:Findthematerialsthatdothejobbest– Supportinginformation:Explorepedigreesoftop-rankedcandidates
Translation Screening Ranking Supporting information
Function
Shape
Process
Material
“Theinteractionbetweenfunction,material,shapeandprocessliesattheheartofthematerialselectionprocess.”
-- M.Ashby
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 8 of 20
MaterialSelectionProcess– Translation
“Expressdesignrequirementsasconstraintsandobjectives”Usingdesignrequirements,analyzefouritems:1. Function:Whatdoesthecomponentdo?2. Objective:Whatessentialconditionsmustbemet?3. Constraints:Whatistobemaximizedorminimized?4. Freevariables:Whichdesignvariablesarefree?
Adapted from J. Gregory and R. Kirchain
Translation Screening Ranking Supporting information
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 9 of 20
TranslationExample– LightStrongTie
1. Function: Support a tension load
2. Objective:Minimize mass
3. Constraints:Lengthspecified,CarryloadF,w/ofailure4. Freevariables: Cross-section area, Material
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Minimize
ORMaximizeMaterialIndex<latexit sha1_base64="Qp1pBiWA4YV+GlgndqN5914W7Nc=">AAACDXicbZDLSsNAFIYn9VbrLerSzWAV6qYkIuhKCm5cVrAXaEKZTCfN0MmFmRMhhLyAG1/FjQtF3Lp359s4bbPQ1h8GPv5zDmfO7yWCK7Csb6Oysrq2vlHdrG1t7+zumfsHXRWnkrIOjUUs+x5RTPCIdYCDYP1EMhJ6gvW8yc203ntgUvE4uocsYW5IxhH3OSWgraF54gjmQwM7viQ0dxQfh2SYFTh3ZBAXjuTjAM6GZt1qWjPhZbBLqKNS7aH55YximoYsAiqIUgPbSsDNiQROBStqTqpYQuiEjNlAY0RCptx8dk2BT7Uzwn4s9YsAz9zfEzkJlcpCT3eGBAK1WJua/9UGKfhXbs6jJAUW0fkiPxUYYjyNBo+4ZBREpoFQyfVfMQ2IzgV0gDUdgr148jJ0z5u25ruLeuu6jKOKjtAxaiAbXaIWukVt1EEUPaJn9IrejCfjxXg3PuatFaOcOUR/ZHz+ALedm/M=</latexit>
Adapted from J. Gregory and R. Kirchain
Translation Screening Ranking Supporting information
Yieldstrength
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 10 of 20
MaterialSelectionProcess– Screening
“Eliminatematerialsthatcannotdothejob”Needeffectivewayofevaluatinglargerangeofmaterialclassesandproperties
Adapted from J. Gregory and R. Kirchain
Translation Screening Ranking Supporting information
Bar Chart for Single Property Screening Material Property Chart for Double Property Screening
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 11 of 20
ScreeningExample– HeatSinkforPowerElectronics
1. Function: Heat Sink
2. Objective:Maximize heat transfer
3. Constraints:– Maxservicetemp>200C– Electricalinsulator:– Thermalconduct:T-conduct.– Notheavy:Density<3Mg/m3
4. Freevariables:Material and process
Adapted from J. Gregory and R. Kirchain
Translation Screening Ranking Supporting information
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ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 12 of 20
ScreeningExample– HeatSinkforPowerElectronics
– Maxservicetemp>200C
Adapted from J. Gregory and R. Kirchain
Translation Screening Ranking Supporting information
200C
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 13 of 20
ScreeningExample– HeatSinkforPowerElectronics
Adapted from J. Gregory and R. Kirchain
Translation Screening Ranking Supporting information
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– Electricalinsulator:– Thermalconduct:T-conduct.
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ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 14 of 20
MaterialSelectionProcess– Ranking
“Findthematerialsthatdothejobbest”Whatifmultiplematerialsareselectedafterscreening?Whichoneisbest?Whatiftherearemultiplematerialparametersforevaluation?
UseMaterialIndex
Adapted from J. Gregory and R. Kirchain
Translation Screening Ranking Supporting information
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 15 of 20
RankingExample– OverheadTransmissionCable
Adapted from J. Gregory and R. Kirchain
Translation Screening Ranking Supporting information
1. Function: Transmit electricity2. Objective:
Minimize electrical resistance1. Constraints:
– LengthLandsectionAarespecified– Mustnotfailunderwindorice-loadà
Requiredtensilestrength>80MPa2. Freevariables:Material
https://eeguides.blogspot.com
Screenonstrength,Rankonresistivity
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Electricalresistivity
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 16 of 20
SinglePropertyRankingExample– OverheadTransmissionCable
Adapted from J. Gregory and R. Kirchain
Translation Screening Ranking Supporting information
• Screening on strength eliminates polymers, some ceramics
• Ranking on resistivity selects Al and Cu alloys
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 17 of 20
OptimizeSelectionUsingMaterialIndex
Adapted from J. Gregory and R. Kirchain
Recallexample:Tensionload,strengthlimited• Minimize material index:
• Inlogspace:
• Thisisasetoflineswithslope=1
• Materialsabovelinearecandidates
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ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 18 of 20
Summary• Materialaffectsdesignbasedon– Geometricspecifics– Loadingrequirements– Designconstraints– Performanceobjective
• Effectscanbeassessedanalytically• Keepcandidatesetlargeaslongasisfeasible• Materialschartsgivequickoverview;softwarecanbeusedtomoreaccuratelyfindoptions(e.g.,Granta)
• Remember,strategicconsiderationscanalterbestchoice
SustainableEngineering
ME 481 – Fall 2018A Trimble, T. Sorensen, Z. Song 20 of 20
Sustainability– Green Materials• SustainabilitymeansengineeringproductsanddevelopingmanufacturingprocessesthatdoNOTconsumeirreplaceableresources.
• WaystogoGreen:– Recyclablematerials(e.g.,aluminum,steel,rubber)– High-yieldingmaterials(e.g.,bamboo)– Non-toxicmaterialsandprocesses
• AdditionalResource:– AutodeskSustainabilityWorkshop
-- ASME
(https://www.autodesk.com/sustainability/sustainable-design-education)
NaturalCapital(Planet)
Human&SocialCapital(People)
Manufacturing&FinancialCapital
(Prosperity)
Sustainable
Fair
Viable Liveable
AdaptedfromDr.ChadUlven
