PART I.

MATERIA MEDICA AND

THERAPEUTICS. (Solid8 by Weight: Liquid8 by Mea8ure.)

ACETUM. Vinegar_ An acid liquid, prepared from malted and

unmalted grain, by the acetous fermentation; containing 4'6 per cent. of anhydrous acid. Sp. Gr. 1-017 to 1-019.

Incompatibles.-Alkalies, earths, and their car­bonates_

Therapeutics.-Ooncentrated, an irritant; di­luted, a stimulant, tonic, diuretic, astringent, and refrigerant. .

Combined with hydro chlorate Ot ammonia, is a. discutient for indolent tumours, also as a lotion to give tone to the relaxed fibre in sprains, bruises, and for the destruction of external parasites.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 OUllces; sheep, 1 to 2 dl'achms j dog 10 to 20 minims.

Antidotes.-Potassium, calcium, sodium, or magnesium carbonate or bicarbonate.

ACETUM CANTHARIDIS. Vinegar of Oan­tharides.

Cantharides in powder' . .. 2 oz. Acetic Acid ................. 20 "

Mix 13 oz. of the acetic acid with the cantha­rides; macerate at 2000 for two hours, then per­colate; lastly, pass the remaining acetic acid through it, press the contents, and filter. Pro­duct-I pint.

(1 part of Oantharides in 10 of acetic acid.)

Therapeutics.-A prompt and powerful counter­irritant. Useful in local congestion, and in irrita­tion of important organs.

ACIDUM ACETICUM. Acetic Acid.

An acid liquid prepared from wood, by des­tructive distillation, and containing 28 per cent. of anhydrous acid, or 33i per cent. of glacial acijl.. Sp. Gr. 1'044.

Therapeutics.-Externally, a stimulant, as­tringent, styptic, rubefacient, and vesicant. Use­ful for the removal of warts, and other growths, also for ringworm, scab, and mange.

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ACIDUM ACETICUM DIL UTUM. Diluted Acetic Acid.

11Acetic Acid.............. 1 part. Distilled Water ......... 7 parts.

Contains 3'63 per cent. of anhydrous acid. Sp. Gr. 1'006.

Incompatibles.-Alkalies; alkaline carbonates, alk. earths, metallic oxides and carbonates; many metals and other substances acted on by acids.

Therapeutics. } Doses. See Acetum. Antidotes.

ACIDUM ACETICUM GLACIALE. Glacictl Acetic Acid.

Monohydrated Acetic Acid (HOHs0 2), con­taining 84 per cent. of anhydrous acid. 02H40 2

or 0 4 H6 0 3 , (3 times the strength of Acidum Aceticum.) Sp. Gr. 1'065, congeals at 34°.

Therapeutics.-Internally, an irritant poison. Externally an escharotic, used for the destruc­ti'on of warts and other fungoid growths; it speedily vesicates, and thus is serviceable in cases where cautharides may do harm by being absor­bed; but it causes much pain, and if not cau­tiously applied, may produce troublesome sores.

Antidotes. -Same as Acetum.

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ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM. Arsenious Acid. (As2 03 = 198.)

Commercial Arsenious Acid, purified by sub­limation; soluble in 100 parts of cold, or 20 of boiling water.

Incompatibles.-Acids and acidulous salts; hydrosulphates; lime water; earthy and metallic salts; decoction of cinchome, &c.

Therapeutics.-In large doses an irritant poi­son; medicinally, an alterative, antiseptic, and tonic. Externally, stimulant, caustic, and para­siticide. Prescribed in chronic rheumatism and chorea, especially in dogs; eczema, psoriasis, im­petigo) scab, and mange; also in chronic cough in horses, debility, &c.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 5to10grains;sheep, 1 to 2 grains; dog, /5" to T'o of a .grain.

Antidotes.-Moist l1ydrated peroxide of iron; magnesia; cold afl'usions; inhalations of ammonia.

ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. Oarbolic Acid. (H C6H sO = 94.)

An acid obtained from coal tar oil by distilla­tion; melts at 95°, boils at 370°; it is freely soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, oils, and in

.15 parts of water. Sp. Gr. 1'065.

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Therapeutics.-in large doses, irritant poison; medicinally, stimulant, anodyne, astringent, rube­facient, antiseptic, and disinfectant. Useful in ant'hrax, malignant strangles, purpura hromorrha­gica, farcy, oodema, &c. Externally, as an antisep­tic dressing to wounds.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 20 to 80 minims; sheep, 5 to 15 minims; dog, 1 to 5 minims.

Antidotes.-Albumen; soap; demulcent drinks.

ACIDUM GALLICUM. Gallie Acid. (H3 0 7

Ha05, H20 = 188.)

A crystalline acid prepared from galls; solu­ble in 100 parts of cold, or 3 parts of boiling water, 8 of spirit, and 20 of glycerine, or 5 J£ heated.

Incompatibles.-Alkalies and their carbonates; lime water; salts of iron, and most metals; the preparations of cinchona barIc

Therapeutics.-Astringent and styptic. Use­ful in diarrhooa, dysentery, and intestinal worms, &c.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 20 to 60 grains; sheep, 4 to 12 grains; dog, 1 to 3 grains.

ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM. Spirit oj Salt. (H 01 = 36'5).

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Hydrochloric Acid Gas dissolved in water, con­taining 31'8 per cent. of real acid, by weight. Sp. G1', 1'160.

Incompatibles.-Alkalies; earths; oxides and their carbonates; potass. sulphuret; potass. tart. ; antim. tart.; prep. of potash and soda; argent. nit., plumb. acet., and all substances acted on by acids.

Therapeutics.-Irritant and corrosive poison; medicinally, astringent, antiseptic, tonic. Ex­

ternally, stimulant, astringent, antiseptic, and caustic.

Useful when combined with Gentian in relaxed chronic sore throat, indigestion, and febrile ex­h~usting diseases; also hremorrhages. For the destruction of warts, and as a caustic and antisep­tic dressing for cancerous and poisoned wounds; foot-rot in sheep, &c.

Doses. -See Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum.

Antidotes.-Chalk, magnesia, olive oil, demul­cent drinks.

ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM DILUTUM. Dilltted Hydrochloric Acid.

Hydrochloric Acid ............... 8 oz.

Distilled Water . .......... . ...... 18 ~ "

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Product 26i oz. at ~Oo. Sp. Gr. 1·052. or

Hydrochloric Acid, 3,060 grains. Distilled water to 20 oz. This contains lOt per cent. of gas,\1" 1 part of strong acid in about 3t parts.

Incompatibles.-Same as Acidum Hydroch~ loricum.

Therapeutics.-Tonic and lith only tic. Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 4 drachms;

sheep, 10 to 20 minims; dog, 2 to 10 minims. Antidotes.-See Acidum Hydrochloricum.

AOIDUM HYDROOYANIOUM. Prussic, or Hydrocyanic Acid. (RNC. or HOy = 27.)

Prussic acid may be obtained from vario us plants, especially the almond tribe, by crushing and moistening them with water, when their albuminoid principle emulsine excites in the amygdaline.a species of fermentati?n, from which are evolved hydrocyanic acid, a volatile oil, and some other products~

'The diluted medicinal solutions sold generally contain from 1 to 5 per cent. of pure anhydr ous acid.

AOIDUM HYDROOYANIOUM DILUTUM. Diluted Prussic Acid.

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Dissolved in water; containing 2 per cent. by weight of anhydrous acid (Scheele's contains from 4 to 5 per cent. but is very variable.) Sp. Gr. 0'997.

Incompatibles.-Argent. nit.; hyd. binoxid; most metallic salts; alkaline sulphurets, and stry­chnia.

Therapeutics.-Poisonous do.ses paralyse in succession the brain, spinal cord, and motor nerves; the paralysis extends from the trunk to the periphery (Kolliker). Medicinally, is a seda­tive, anodyne, and antispasmodic. Externally, it allays irritability and itching in eczema and other skin diseases.

Doses. - Horses and cattle, 20 to 30 minims; sheep, 5 to 10 minims; dog, 1 to 3 minims. When used externally should be largely diluted with water, and as it undergoes rapid a1)sorption, must be applied with great caution, especially when the skin is abraded.

Antidotes.-Cold affusions; fresh air; inhaJa­tion of ammonia or chlorine; moist peroxide of iron; tincture of perchloride of iron; artificial respiration.

ACIDUM NITRICUM. Nitric Acid. Aq1w­fortis. (HN03 = 63.)

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An acid containing 60 per cent. of anhydrous acid. (N05 =54 or N.O,s = 108). Sp. Gr. 1'420, same "trength as London Pharmacopreiu, 5 mea­sures of acid, Sp. Gr. 1'500, and 2 of water, make acid of the Sp. Gr. 1'420.

Incompatibles.-Oxides, earths, alkalies and their carbonates, sulphurets; plumb. acet.; and potass. acet.

Therapeutics.-Large doses irritant poison; medicinally,astringent'and tonic. Externally, deo­doriser and disinfectant; also caustic for the removal of warts and other fungoid growths; for destroying fretor of unhealthy wounds, foul, foot­rot, &c.

Doses.-See Acidum Nitricum Dilutum.

Antidotes.-Chalk, magnesia, olive oil, demul­cent drinks.

ACIDUM NITRICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Nit1'ic Acid.

Nitric Acid ........................... 6 oz.

Distilled Water ..................... 25 "

Product 31 fluid ounces at 600• Sp, Gr. 1'101.

or

Nitric Acid, 2400 grains by weight to distilled water 1 pint.

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Therapeutics.-According to strength, is an writant, caustic, astringent, tonic, or refrigerant; also lithonlytic, antiseptic, and disinfectant. Use­ful in stomach derangements, chronic diurrhcea, and dysentery in cattle and sheep; chronic en­largement of the liver; typhoid fever in horses; and alternately with arsenic in mange, eczema, and farcy.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 4 drachms; sheep, 10 to 20 minims; dog, 2 to 10 minim:;;.

ACIDUM NITRO-HYDROCHLORICUM DI­L UTUM, Diluted Aqua Regia.

Njtric ..Acjd ... «« ••• « .......... "." 3 oz.

Hydrochloric A.cid ..•.......... , .. ,. 4 "

Distilled Water .................. ~ .... 25 "

Mix the acids 24 hours before adding the water. 16 minims contain Ii minims of nitric acid, and 2 minims ot hydrochloric acid. Sp. Gr. 1'074.

lncompatibles.-See A.cidum Nitric!lm.

Therapeutics.-Large doses irritant poison; medicinally, tonic and alterative. For the latter purpose it is preferred to either hydrochloric or nitric acids separately.

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Doses.-Horse, 1 to 3 drachms; cattle} 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 10 to 20 minims; dog, 2 to 10 minims.

Antidotes.-See Acidum Nitricum.

ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Oil of Vitriol. (H2 804 = 98.)

An acid produced by the combustion of sul­phur, and the oxidation of the resulting sul-, phurous acid by means of nitrous vapours.

Monohydrated Sulphuric Acid, (H2 SO,,) con­taining 79 percent. of anhydrous acid, (S03 = 80.) Sp. Gr. 1·843.

Incompatibles.-Most of the metals and their oxiu\)s; ea;rths and their ca-rbonatel:'.; ,alkaline carbonates; plumb. acet.; calc. chlor.

Therapeutics.-Irritant and corrosive poison. Externally, a caustic for the removal of w~rts

and other growths.

Antidotes.-Magnesia, chalk, olive oil, demul­cent drinks.

ACIDUM SULPHURICUMDIL UTUM. Di­luted Sulph7lric Acid.

Sulphuric Aoid,,,,,,,.............. 7 oz.

Distilled Water .. " ........... " 76 ~ "

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Product 83-1! fluid ounces at 60°. Sp. Gr. 1'094

or

Sulphuric acid, 1350 grains weight. Distilled water 20 fluid ounces.

Therapeutics.-Ooncentrated, corrosive irritant .poison. Medicinally, tonic, antiseptic, astrin­gent, aud refrigerant. Externally, caustic, stimu­lant, and astringent.

Used in cases of debility, pleuro-pneumonia, diarrhcea, dysentery, influenza; also for the des­truction of warts, &c.

Doses~-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 10 to 20 minims; dog, 2 to 10 minims.

Antidotes.-See Acidum Sulphuricum.

ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM, Stdphurous Acid. (S02 = 64.)

Prepared by heating sulphuric acid with char­coal, iron, copper, or other bodiss having an affinity for water and oxygen, when a colourless, liquefiable, suffocating gas-sulphur anhydride, popularly called sulphurous acid is given off:

Sulphurous acid gas, dissolved in water. Con­tains 9'2 per cent. by weight, or 33 times its volume of the gas. Sp. Gr. 1'040. Commercial acid, Sp. Gr. 1'020 only.

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Therapeutics.-.A. powedul deoxidising, disin­fecting, and antiseptic- ~gent.

AOIDUM TANNIOUM. Tannic Acid. Tannin. (027 H22 017 = 618).

An acid obtained from galls, which yield about 33 per cent. Soluble in water 10 in 8, spirit 1 in 1, and glycerine 1 in 8, or if warmed 1 in 2, also in olive oil.

Incompatibles, -Alkalies and their carbonates; lime water; iron salts, and most metals j gelatine.

Therapeutics,-A powerful astringent and styp­tic, diminishing intestinal secretions, whether healthy or morbid. Prescribed in diarrhcea and dysentery, and is supposed to destroy tape and other intestinaL worms.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 20 to- 60 grains j sheep, 4 to 12 grains; dog, 2 to 4 grains. Admi­nistered in the form of a bolus, infusion, or tinc­ture.

'ACONJTIA. Aconitine. (OS() H47 NO'r= 533). An alkaloid. obtained ft:om the root Aconitum

N apellus. It is, without exception, the most viru­lent poison known,. (Pereira.)

Used for ung. aconitia. Soluble in 150 partS' of cold water, 50 of boiling water, more soluble in alcohol" and entirely in ether,

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Seldom used in veterinary practice on account of its expense.

ADEPS PRlEPARATUS. Prepared Lard.

Rog's fat, purified by the removal of the mem­branes, liquefying in a water bath, and straining through linen. It keeps better i£ again heated until quite bright and free from water.

Therapeutics.-A. laxative clJ(ster, and an anti­dote for poisoning with alkalies. Is applied externally as a simple dressing to ulcers and blis­tered surfaces. Sometimes useful in removing scab and mange. Much used for making oint­ments.

lETHER. JEther Sulphuricus. Sulphuric Ether. (C i H10 0.=74).

A volatile liquid prepared from alcohol. COll­

tains 92 .per cent. of Oxide of Ethyl, with about 8 per cent. of alcohol. Boils at 105°. Soluble in 10 parts of water, freely in spirit. Sp. Gr. 0'735.

Therapeutics.-In poisonous doses an inebriant narcotic; medicinally a stimulant, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, diuretic. Used externally as a refri­gerant, anodyne, antiseptic and anresthetic. In influenza, cough, colic, t~ mpanitis, shivering at­tacks accompanying disease, &c., it will be found most beneficial. As an anresthetic is useful in

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n!3urotomy, tenotomy, firing, and occasionally III

castration, also employed for the reduction of hemire.

,Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 2 to 4 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4 drachms; dog, i to 2 drachms.

ALUMEN. Alum. (NH4,Al(S04)2, 12 H 2 0 = 410'5.

Alum is found in small quantities as an efRores­cance on the surface of soils and rocks, in volcanic districts. A sulphate of ammonia and alumina, crystallised from solution in water. Soluble in 12 parts of cold water, or 10 parts in 8 of boiling water.

Therapeutics.-An irritant, sedative and as· tringent. U sefuI in vomition in dogs, di~rhcea and dysentery, chronic conjunctivitis, p'ro,(ve hoo­morrhages, and simple injuries to skin, and,'. cous membranes. ~

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep' l t.o 2 drachms; dog, 10 to 30 grains.

ALUMEN EXSIOCATUM. Btlrnt Alum.

Alum deprived of its water of crystallisation by heat not exceeding 400°. 100 parts yield 55 of dried alum.

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Incompatibles.-Alkalies and their carbonates; lime; magnesia; potass. tart; plumb. acet; and all vegetable astringents.

Therapeutics.-An escharotic, and also a mild stimulant to ulcers, &c.

AMM,pNllE CARBONAS. Carbonate of Am­monia. Ammonim Sesqui-carbonas. Hartshorn. Sal Volatile. (2NH4HC03+NH4NH2C02 = 236).

A volatile pungent ammoniacal salt, produced by submitting a mixture of sulphate or ammonia or chloride of ammonium, and carbonate of lime to sublimation. Soluble in 4 parts of water; spar­ingly in spirit.

Incompatibles.-Acids, acidulous and earthy salts, and lime water.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant, antispasmodic, an­tacid, alterative, diaphoretic, l\nd diuretic. Use­ful in erysipelas, influenza, typhoid affections, colic; in the second stages of inflammatory affections, and in convalescence from debilitating diseases, &c.

Doses.-Hol'se, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle} 2 to ,1,

drachms; sheep, 20 to 60 grains; dog, 3 to 10 grains. . A.dministered either as a bolus or dis­solved in cold gruel.

Antidotes.-Copious draughts of cold water, or mucilaginous drinks, highly diluted acids, or oil.

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AMMONII CHLORIDUM. Hyd1'ochlorate of Ammonia. Chloride of Ammonium. (NH4 01 = 53·5.)

-Prepared from ammoniacal liquor which re­Bults from the manufacture of coal gas, or from the distillation of bones for the production of animal charcoal. Soluble in 3 parts of water or 55 of spirit.

Incompatibles.-Sulphuric and nitric acids; potash; soda, lime, and their carbonates; and most metallic salts.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant, alterative and diure­tic. Serviceable in chronic rheumatism, chronic coughs, congestion of the liver, inflammatory dis­eases of lungs, stomach, and other internal organs. Externally for bruises, sprains, enlarged glands, swollen joints, boils and local inflammations of the skin. As a cooling lotion, see Lotio Ref1·igerans.·

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep, i to 2 drachms; dog, 5 to 20 grains.

Antidotes.-Large draughts of water, and warm demulcent drinks.

ANTIMONIUM. Antimony. (Sb. = 122.) It is commonly procured from the grey suI­

phuret by the process of reduction; is a brittle and crystalline metal of a silvery white colour. Fuses at 1150°. Sp. Gr. 6'715.

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ANTIMONII OXIDUM. Oxide of .Antima1LY· Sb 2 0 3 = 292.)

A native oxide, found in small quantities in Saxony and Hungary, and known as white anti­mony or flowers of antimony. It is also obtained by decomposing the chloride w:i.th water, and carefully washing the precipitate with water and a. solution of an alkaline carbonate, to free it from traces of chlorine and hydrochlorio acid.

Therapeutics.-Employed chiefly in the pre.., paration of tartar emetic.

ANTIMON~UM NIGRUM. Black Antimony. (Sb2 S3 = 340.)

Native sulphide of antimony, purified from silicious matter by fusion, and afterwards reduced to fine powder.

Therapeutics.-Alterative, anthelmintic, and emetic. Sometimes given to horses in combina, tion with nitre and sulphur as an alterative.

Dose.-liorse, 1 to 3 drachms.

ANTIMONIUM TARTARATUM. Tarta, ,.ated Antimony. (KSb 0,1 H4 0,. H2 0= 343.)

Soluble in 20 parts of cold, or 2 of boiling .water, insoluble.in rectified spirit, partially in proof spirit.

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Inoompatibles.-Acids; alkalies and their car~ bonates; some earths; metals and their oxides; plumb. acet.; ti~cture of galls; astringent in£u~ sions.

TMrapeutios.-In large doses irritant poison; n~edicinally, an emetic, nerve sedative, antiph. logistic, expectorant, and diaphoretic. It promotes the secretion of the skin, liver, pancreas, kidneys 'and mucous membra~es, also stimulates the absor­bent system. U seflll in febrile complaints, pneu~ monia, pleurisy, bronchitis, and local inflamma· tions, except those of the alimentary canal. Ex­ternally, vesicant, cOllnter-irritant, occasionally added to blistering ointments to increase their activity.

Doses.-4lterative :-Horse and cattle, 1 to ~ drachms. Nauseant, sedative, and antiphlogistic :-­Horse, 2 to 3 drachms j cattle, 2 to 6 drachms; dog, ! to 2 grains, Emetic :-Dog, 1 to 4 grains.

Antidotes.-TanI1-ic acid, or substances can, taining it, catechu, ~c.

AQUA, DESTILLA,TA. Distilled Water. (lf~ o ' 18.)

Water purified by distillation, rejecting the first and last portions.

Uses.-In the preparation of, and for dissolv~

ing many medicinal agents j also for lllakins- aqu~;h

Q11S sollltious of t(3sts,

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ARGENTI NITRAS. Nit1'ate of Silver.: (Ag N03 = 170.)

Refined Silver .................. 3 oz. Nitric Acid.... ................ 2i " Distilled Water _.. . . .. . .. .. . .. 5 "

Solubility, 100 grs. in 50 mins. of water at 60° . ... Incompatibles.-A.lmost all spring and river water; potash, soda, and their carbonates; soaps; lime-water; sulphuric, hydrochloric, tartaric acids, and their salts; ammonia carb.; liquor arsenicalis ; astringent vegetable infusions.

Therapeutics.-Large doses corrosive and ir­ritant poison; medicinally; tonic, stimulant, and astringelll Given to the dog in chorea, epilepsy, and other nervous affections; also for diarrhrn3, and dysentery. Externally stimulant, astringent, and caustic. Used as an eye lotion for conjunctivitis, and like affections; iudolent sores, ringworm, scab, mange, and other skin diseases. As a caustio for the removal of warts and other growths. Ap­plied to poisonous wounds, and bites from rabid and venomous animals.

Doses.-Dog, t to 1 grain. Antidotes.-Common salt in a demulcent drink.

ATROPIA. A.tropine. (C17 B 23 N03 = 289.) An alkal.oid obtained from belladonna root­

an active poison. Soluble. in 500 parts of water; 8 parts of spirit; freely in ether.

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Therapeutics.-Used only externally for dilat­ing the pupil of the eye. See Liquor, and Unguen­tum Atropim.

Antidotes.-An emetic if a dog, followed by (Jpiates and brandy.

BORAX. Sodium Diborate. Biboraie of Soda.

(2 Na BOz, B2 03) 10 H2 0 = 382). A native of Thibet. Soluble in 22 parts of

water, or in 12 parts by the aid 'of 1 part of gly­cerine, in equal parts of glycerine, insoluble in spirit, solidifies with mucilage. It is imported in the crude state from. India, and is manufactured from native boracic acid of Tuscany, and the native borate of lime of Peru.

Incompatibles.-Mineral acids and salts j mu­cilage of acacia.

Therapeutics.-A detergent and astringent in aphthous affections.

CALCII OHLORIDUM. Calcium Ohloride. (Ca Ch = Ill.)

13 formed by neutralising hydrochloric acid with carbonate of lime, adding a little solution of.chlo­rinated lime and slaked lime to the solution, filter­ing, evaporating until it becomes solid, and fin-a,lly drying the salt at about 400°. Soluble in water, 1 in 2, and in alcohol.

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TherapeuticS.-Stimulant, serviceable iu the treatment of gangrenous wounds, grease, un­healthy ulcers, and skin diseases. In consequence of its strong affinity for water, is employed to withdraw this impurity from ether, other liquids and gases.

CALX. Lime. Oalc1:um Oxide. Quick-Lime. ((Ja O. = 56). An alkaline earth, obtained by

calcining chalk or lime-stone, so as to expel the carbonic acid gas. Solubility in water at 32°, 13'25 grains; at 60°, 1l'6 grains, and at 212°,6'7 in 20 ounces.

Therapeutics.-Caustic and desiccant.

CALX CHLORATA. Oalcit~m Hypochlorite. Ohlorinated Lime. (Ca (01 0)2 + Ca C12 =254.)

Obtained by exposing slaked lime to the action of chlorine, and consists of hypochlorite of lime, chloride of calcium and hydrate of lime.

Incompatibles.-Acids and most metallic salts.

Therapeutics.-Irritant poison in large doses. Stimulant, alterative, and astringent; seldom given internally, but is used externally as a de;ic­cant, antiseptic, an excellent deodorizer and also as a disinfectant. It is sometimes used in tym­panitis; acute dysentery in cattle and sheep. As a stimulant and db;::t]_orizer in canker, thrush, and fistulre.

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Doses. -Horses and cattle,2 to 4 drachms ; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms.

f

CALClS HYDRAS. Slaked Lime. Hydrate of Lime. (Ca (HOh = 74.)

Lime ............................. 32 oz. Distilled Water............... 20 "

Soluble in 800 parts of water.

Incompatibles.-Mineral and vegetable acids; metallic and ammoniacal salts; antim. tart.

Therapeutics.-Irritant, corrosive, and antacid. Given to cattle 'in indigestion, tympanitis and diar­rhma. Seldom administered to horses.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 3 drachms; cattle, 1 to 3 drachms; sheep, 20 to 60 grains; dog, 5 to 20 grams.

CARBO ANIMALIS PURIFICATUS. Puri­fied Animal Charcoal.

Animal charcoal, from which the earthy salts have been almost removed, by means of hydro­chloric acid.

Therapeutics.-An excellent deodorising and decolorising agent. It is said to counteract the poisonous effects of aconitia, strychnia, and mor­phia.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep, 1 to 3 drachms; dog, 20 to 60 grains.

2'4

CARBO LIGNI. Wood Oharcoal.

Wood charred by exposure to a red heat, with'­out access to air.

Therapeutics.-Deodorizer; disinfectant and desiccant. Given in diarrhrea, dysentery, and distention of the abdomen wit1;t_gases. Exter­nally, to unhealthy wounds,. ulcers, fetid dischar­ges, mange, scab, and grease.

Doses.:-See· Carbo Auimalis Purifi:catus.

CATAPLASM AZADIRACHTlE.. Poultice of Nim Leaves.

Fresh Nim Leaves, bruised ...... } . q. s. TepId Water.................... ..,

Therapeutics.-A good stimulant application to indolentBores~ and ulcers. Should it ca.nse pa.in add equal parts of rice flour, or linseed mmll.

CATAPLASMA CALCIS:OHLORATlE. Chlo-· ride of Lime Poultice.

Solution of Chlorinated Lime. .. 2. ounces. Linseed Meal..... ................. 4 " Boiling Water...................... 8 " Mix the linseed meal with the- water, ~nd

add the chloride of lime solution, with constant stirring._

.,Therapeutics.-,-Deodoriser, and antiseptic to. ll'lllreatthy woun!1s, ulcerslc &c ..

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CATAPLASMA CARBONIS. Oharcoal Poul­tice.

Wood Charcoal, in powder... i- oz. Linseed Meal. ..... , ............ 3~ " ' Boiling Water .................. 10 "

Mix the linseed meal with the water; add half the charcoal, and sprinkle the remainder on the surface of the poultice.

Therapeutics.-See Cataplasma Calcis Ohlo­rata.

CATAPLASMA FERMENTI. Yeast Poultice.

Beer yeast............... ...... (; oz. Wheaten Flour ................ 14 " Water, at 100°................. 6"

A'dd the yeast to the water, and stir- in the Bom'.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant and antiseptic to in. dolent sores and ulcers.

CATAPLASMA FURFUR I. Bran Poultice. Bran .............................. 2lbs. Linseed Meal.. ................. lIb. Boiling Water .................. q. s.

:B-fix the linseed meal and bran together, and then add the water.

Therapeutics.-Emollient; relieves the ves­sels of the part to which it is applied, and thus allays pain and inflammation.

3

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CATAPLASMA LINI. Linseed Ponltice.

Linseed Meal............... 4 oz.

Olive Oil.. ................... t " Boiling Water ............ 10 J'

Therapeutics.-The same as Cataplasma Fur­furi. Opium, belladonna, or sub acetate of lead may be added to this poultice to allay irritation.

CATAPLASMA SINAPIS. MnstaJ'd Poultice. Mustard,in powder._.......... 2t oz. Linseed Meal.. ............... -... 2t}} Boiling Water .................. 10 "

Gradually mix the linseed meal with the water, and add the qlUstard with constant stirring.

Therapeutics.-Rubefacient. Allays inflam­mation of mucous and serous membranes; re­lieves congestion of v'arious organs; other pains and spasms.

CERA ALBA. White Wax.

Yellow wax bleached by exposure to moisture, air, and light. (Should not melt below 150°).

Solubility; entirely in oil of turpentine, insolu­ble in alcohol, and ether, slightly soluble in boil­ing alcohol and ether.

Therapeutics.-Emollient. Chiefly employed as an ingredient in ointments.

27

CER2\ FLAVA. Yellow Wax. 'rhe prepared honeycomb of the hive bee, A-ris

mellifica (Hymenoptera). (Should not mr~~ be­low 140°). Insoluble in cold rectified spirit; only ! dissolved in oil of turpentine.

Therapeutics.-See Oera Alba.

CEREVISIlE FERMENTUM. Beer Yeast. The ferment in brewing beer, insoluble in al­

cohol or water. Therapeutics.-Stimulant and antiseptic.

CHLORALIS HYDRAS. Hydrate of Ohloral. (GaHOlaO. H 20 = 165'5.)

Is prepared by passing dry chlorine gas for several days through absolute alcohol, which is at first kept cool to prevent explosion, but towards the end of the operation, is heated to nearly its boiling point to complete decomposition. This liquid is purified by agitating it with four times its bulk of concentrated sulphuric acid j anhy­drous chloral then floats on the surface, thiii! is subjected to fractional distillation. The anhy­drotls chloral thus purified is placed in a still with 11 per cent. of water, and distilled off chalk to remove any hydrochloric acid that may be present. The solid distillate is chloral hydrate. Soluble in less than its weight of water, spirit or ether, and in 4 times its weight of chloroform.

28

Therapeutics.-Large doses, narcotic poison; medicinally, stimulant, sedative, anodyne, anti­spasmodic, and narcotic. It possesses all the good, and none of the objectionable qualities of opium, for which agent it is extensively used. (See Opium.)

Doses.-Horses, 2 to 4 drachms; cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms; dog, 10 to 30 grains.

CHLOROFORMUM. Ohlorofo1·m. (0 H Ch= 119'5).

A volatile fluid obtained by distillation from a mixture of chloride of lime, slaked lime, spirit, and water.

Solubility in spirit 10 in 6; ether, 1 in I!; water, 1 in 200; olive oil, or turpentine, freely; insolu· ble in glycerine. Dissolves resins, camphor, wax, iodine, bromine, sulphur, pho.sphorus, and the vegetable alkaloids. Sp. G1'. 1'490.

Therapeutics.-In excessive doses, narcotic poison; medicinally, stimulant and antispasmo­dic; breathed in admixture with air, an amesthe­tic.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 ounces; sheep, ~ to 1 o~nce; dog, 1 to 3 drachms.

Antidotes.-Plenty of fresh air; ammonia to nostrils; cold water to head; friction to chest and abdomen; artificial respiration.

29

COLLODIUM.-C(lllodion.

Pyroxylin ........................... '" 1 oz. Ether .................................... 36 " Rectified Spirit ..................... 12 "

Mix the ether and spirit and then add the py­roxylin. Keep in a well-corked bottle.

Therapeutics.-.A..n adhesive. Frequentlyap­plied to excoriated surfaces, burns, sores, and nlcers, &c.

COLLODIUM FLEXILE. Flexible Oollodion. Collodion ... ......... ......... 6 oz. Oanada Balsam .............. 120 gr. Castor Oil ..................... 1 dr.

Keep in a well-corked bottle.

Therap\tics.-The same as Collodium.

CREASOT'L~M. Oreasote. (C28 H I6 0 4 = 4] 6.) .A.. product of the distillation of wood tar. Solu­

ble sparingly in water j freely in ether, alcohol, and glacial acetic acid. Sp. Gr. 1'071.

Therapeutics. noses. Antidotes. 1 Same as .A..cidum Carboli­

cum.

ORETA PRlEPARATA. Prepared Ohalk.

(Ca C03 =100.) Chalk purified by washing with water. Insoluble in water, almost entirely solu-

30

ble in diluted hydrochloric acid with efferves­cence.

Incompatibles.-Acids, and acidulous salts. Therapeutics.-Used as an antacid in indiges­

tion, chronic diarrhooa and dysentery. Dessicant when applied dry to wounds.

Doses.-Horse, I to 2 ounces j cattle, 2" to 4 ounces j sheep, 2 to 4 drachms j dog, 8 to 12 grains.

CUPRI AMMONIO-SULPHAS. A'rnmonio-S1tlphate of Oopper.

Sulphate of Copper, in powder ... 2 oz. Carbonate of Ammonia, in powder.3 "

Keep dry, and preserve in a well-stoppered bottle.

Incompatibles.-Acids, and fixed alkalies. Therapeutics.-Antispasmodic, stimulant, to­

nicand astringent. Administered ill influenza, con­sumption, pleuro-pneumonia, and other debilitat­ing diseases j chorea in dogs and other nervous affections.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 drachms; sheep, 5 to 20 grains; dog, 1 to 4 grains.

Antidotes.-Albumen, bean and pea meal in water.

CUPRI IODIDUM CUM IODO.-Iodide of Oopper with Iodine.

31

Iodide of Potassium '" ........ .... 2 oz. Sulphate of Oopper .................. 4 ,>

Boiling Water.. ...................... I! pint.

Incompatibles.-Acids; acidulous salts; alka­lies and their carbonates; lime water; vegetable astringents.

Therapeutics.-Tonic and alterative, and a stimulant to the absorbents. U se£ul in nasal gleet, farcy and glanders. Externally, stimulant and astringent. Applied to chronic enlarged legs, ulcers, and grease.

Doses.-Horse,l to 2 drachms daily, combined with gentian.

OUPRI SUBAOETAS. 8ubacetate of Copper. Verdigris. (Ou2·.r.02B 3 0 2)+OUO = 291.)

Prepared by sib;:"l~ting copper plates to the action of acetic acid, and atmospheric oxygen for several weeks. The acid is also obtained from the acetous fermentation of grape husks, with plates of copper.

Incompatibles. Therapeutics. Doses. Antidotes.

OUPRI SULPHAS. S'L~Tphate of Copper. Blue Vitriol. Blue Stone. (Ou S04. 5 H~O = 24\}5).

32

Commercial sulphate of copper, re-crystallised. Soluble in 3 parts of water, 1 in 4 of glycerine.

Incompatibles. -Alkalies j alkaline car bonates; vegetable astringents.

Therapeutics.-Large doses irritant poison; medicinally,tonicandastringent. Useful in dysen­tery, diarrhma, debility, farcy and glanders. Ex­ternally, astringent, styptic, escharotic, detergent and stimulant. Applied to ulcers, thrush, canker, foot-rot, farcy-buds, &c.; also used as an eye lotion.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle, 2 to 3 drachms; sheep, 20 to 30 grains; dog, 1 to 3 grains.

Antidotes.-·Albumen; milk; bean or pea meal in water; mucilaginous drinks.

DECOCTUM AZADIRACHTlE. Decoction 0/ Nim Bark.

Nim Bark, inner layer, bruised...... 2 oz. Water .................................... 30 "

Boil together for 15 minutes, and strain whilst bot.

Therapeutics.-Astringent, tonic and antipe­riodic. .

Doses.-Horse, 15 to 30 ounces; cattle 20 to 40 ounces; sheep 1 to 3 ounces.

DEOOCTUM TABACI. Decoction of Tobacco. Tobacco ................................. 1 oz. 'Vater ................................. 1 pint.

33

Boil for 10 minutes, strain, and add cold water until it measures 2 pints.

Use.-Antidote to nux vomica,and the prepara­tions of strychnia.

DIGITALINUM. Digitalin. The active principle obtained. from digitalis. Solubility; readily in spirit; dissolves in acids,

but does not form with them neutral compounds j almost insoluble in water, and in pure ether.

Thera peuties. -Never used in veterinary medi­cine as it is too expensive.

EMPLASTRUM PICIS. Pitch Plaster. Burgandy Pitch ...................... 20 oz. Resin ............ } f h 21 o eac '" ...... 4" " Yellow Wax ... Olive Oil ............................... 1 § "

VVater ............................... , ,'1 "

Melt the wax, resin and pitch,~ 'then add the oil and water, keep con5t~ntly stirring, evaporate to the proper consistency.

"rherapeuties.-An adhesive ·to wounds when spread on cloth or leather; also applied to joints in chronic articular affections; and to other parts to relieve pains of a rheumatic character. It acts as a counter-irritant.

34

ENEMA ALOES. Enema Aloes .

.Aloes ........................... 4 drachms. Potassium Carbonate ......... ! do. Gruel, or Warm Mucilage } 1 . t

S pm .

or tarch .............. .

:Mix well together. Sufficient for one enema.

ENEMA ASSAF<ETIDlE. Enema oj Assa­. jwticla.

Assafretida ..................... 2i drachms. vVarm Water.................. 1 pint.

Mix for one enema.

ENEMA MAGNESllE SULPHATIS. Enema of Sulphate of Magnesia.

Sulphate of Magnesia .............. 1 oz. Olive Oil ..................... ......... 1 " Mucilage of Starch .................. 15 "

Dissolve the sulphate in the mucilage, then add the oil. One enema.

ENEMA OPII. Enema of Opi1trn.

Tincture of Opium .. ....... 5 drachms. Mucilage of Starch ......... 1 pint.

Mix for one enema.

35

ENEMA TABACI. Enema of Tobacco.

Tobacco Leaf................... 1 drachm.

Boiling Water ................. , 1 pint.

Infuse half an hour, and strain. For one enema.

ENEMA TEREBINTHINlE. Enema of Tu?'­pentine.

Oil of Turpentine............ 2 oz.

Mucilage of Starch........... 1 pint.

Mix for one enema.

EXTRACTUM ACONITI. E{)]tract 8f Aco-1t1'te,

The expressed juice of the fresh leaves and flowering heads of aconite, evaporated to an ex­tract. 100 parts of the plant yield 50 lbs. of juice, or 7lbs. of extract.

Therapeutics.-A dangerous poison, paralyzing the nervous functions, and acting as a powerful sedative. l\fedicinally, a sedativp" anodyne, and antispasmodic. Useful in .~heumonia, pleuro­pneumonia, pleurisy, bronchitis, enteritis, peri- • tonitis and laminitis; acute rheumatism, redema, apoplexy, &c.

Doses.-Horse, 10 to 15 grains; cattle, 15 to 20 grains; sheep, 2 to 5 grains; dog, l- to 2 grains.

36

EXTRACTUM BELLADONNlE. Exi1'act of Belladonna,

The expressed juice of the fresh leaves, and young branches of belladonna, evaporated to an extract. 1001bs. of herb yield 161bs. dried, or 56lbs. of juice, or 63 oz. of extract.

Therapeutics.-Useful in influenza, purpura hremorrhagica, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, &c.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 drachms; sheep, 3 to 10 grains; dog, i to 3 grains.

EXTRACTUM CANNABIS INDIClE. Ex­tract of Indian Hemp.

Indian Hemp ........................ 16 oz. Rectified Spirit .............. ....... 4 pints.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant, anodyne, sedative, and antispasmodic. Narcotic, diuretic, and par­turifacient properties have been assigned to it. U setul in tetanus, rabies, nervous affections, rheu­matism, cardiac functional derangement, colic, &c.

Doses.-Horse 1 to 2 drachms; cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 5 to 15 grains.

EXTRACTUM DIGITALIS. Extract of Di­gitalis.

The expressed juice of the fresh leaves of digi­talis, evaporated to an extract.

37

Therapeutics.-Large doses irritant. and seda,.. tive poison; medicinally, sedative and diuretic. Useful in inflammatory affections, functional diseases of the heart, chronic rheumatism, and chronic cough. .

Doses.-Horse, 3 to 10 grains; cattle, 4. to 15 grains; sheep, 1 to 5 grains; dog! to 1 grain.

EXTRACTUM ERGOTlE LIQUIDUM. Li-quid EJ)tract of Ergot.

Ergot, in powder .................. 16 oz. Ether ..... (should be 40 oz.} ...... 20 " Rectified Spirit ..................... 8" Distilled Water ..................... 3 § pts.

Product ............ 16 oz. The ether is merely employed to separate the

inert oil. 1 drachm is equivalent to 1 drachm of ergot.

Therapeutics.-See Ergota.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 4 drachms; cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 10 to 40 minims; dog, 2 to 10 mllllms . .

EXTRACTUM HYOSCYAMI. Extract of Hyoscyamus.

The expressed juice of the fresh leaves and yOUhC' branches of hyoscyamus, evaporated to

38

an extract. IOOIbs. yields 50rbs. of JUIce; 5Ibs. of extract, or 15tlbs. of dried leaves.

Therapeutics.-An inebriant narcotic in large doses; medicinally, a cardiac-sedative, anodyne, and antispasmodic. U sefnl in functional diseases of the heart, tetanus, rheumatism, chorea, amau­rosis, &c.

Doses. - Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 drachma; sheep, 15 to 30 grains; dog, 2 to 8 grains.

FERRI CARBONAS SACCHARATA. Sae­eharated Carbonate of Iron.

Carbonate of Iron, Fe COs = 116 mixed with peroxide of iron and sugar; the carbonate forming at least 37 per cent. of the mixture.

Sulphate of Iron .......•.... 2 oz. Carbonate of Ammonia· ... Ii " Refined Sugar ............... 1 ,) Boiling Distilled Water ... 320 "

Incompatibles.-Acids; acidulous salts; and all astringent decoctions and infusions.

Therapeutics. } See Ferri Sulphas. Doses.

FERRI IODIDUM. Iodide of Iron. (Fe 12 = 310.)

39

Ferrous iodide with 18 per cent. of water of crystallization, and a little Oxide of Iron.

Fine Iron Wire ..................... H oz. Iodine ................................. 3 " Distilled Water ..................... 15 "

Put the iodine, iron, and 12 oz. of water into a flask; heat gently for 10 minutes, then boil until the froth becomes white; filter quickly through wet calico into a polished iron dish; wash the filter with remaining water, anti evaporate until a drop solidifies on cooling; pour on porcelain; when cool break into fragments~ and keep in a stoppered bottle.

IJicompatibles.-Potash, soda, ammonia, and their carbonates; limp. water; and all substances incompatible with ferri sulph. Soluble in equal parts of water.

Therapeutics.-Alterative, astringent}, tonic, i

I\.and hrematinic. Given in nasal gleet, a~~ dia-betes insipidus. U . ~

Doses.-Horse, ! to 2 drachms; cattle, 1 to 2 drachms; sheep,tI5 to 30 grains; dog 1 to 8

grajns.

FERRI PEROXIDUM HUMIDUM. Moist Peroxide of Iron. (Fe2 () no = 214).

Hydrated Peroxide of Iron with about 86 per cent. of uncombined water. A soft moist pasty mass, of a reddish-brown colour.

40

Solution ·of Persulphate of Iron... 4 oz.

Solution of Soda ..................... 33 "

Distilled w.ater ..................... 20 "

Dissolve the iron in half the water, and the salts of soda in the remainder, mix; collect the pre­cipitate on a calico filter, wash until the filtrate ceases to give a precipitate with chloride of barium. Keep it (without drying) in a porcelain pot, and the lid closed. Should be recently made.

Therapeutics.-Not eligible as a ferruginous preparation. It is, however, a valuable antidote to poisoning with arsenic; it forms an insoluble and inert sub-arseniate.of Protoxide of Iron.

Doses.-Should b~ adminil'tered in frequent and repeated doses, until at least 12 times the sup­posed quantity of the arsenic has been given, or until it .has effectively allayed the action of the poison.

FERRI·SULPHAS. Sulphate of Iron. Green Vitriol. Oopperas. (Fe S04. 7Ha 0 = 278.)

Iron Wire ............................. 4 oz. • Sulphuric Acid ........................ 4 " Distilled Water .......... ... ......... It pts.

Soluble' in water, 1 in It j insoluble in alcohol or proof spirit, hence it cannot be dissolved in tinctures.

41

Incompatibles.-Potash, soda, ammonia, and their carbonates; lime water; vegetable astrin­gents.

Therapeutics.-Large' doses irritant poison; medicinally, astringent, hoomatinic, and tonic. Useful in, and during convalescence from, debili­tating diseases, internal hoomorrhages, dysentery, chorea, diabetes, &c. Externally. astringent to

ulcers, broken knees, &c.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 15 to 30 grains; dog, 1 to 10 grains.

GLYCERINUM. Glycerine. (03 Hs 0 3 = 92.)

A sweet principle obtained from fats and fixed oils; soluble in water and alcohol; insoluble in ether, chloroform, and oils. It dissolves borax, iodine, iodide of sulphur, chlorides of sodium and potassium; the alkalies, and some of their earths; most vegetable acids and alka.loids. Sp. Gr. 1'250 to 1'260.

Therapeutics.-Principally employed exter. nally, as emollient in skin di:wases; to cracked heelS, burns, excoriations and blistered surfaces. Also used as a vehicle for medicines and masses. 1 part in 10· of water will preserve animal sub· stances.

42

GLYCERlNUM ACIDI CARBOLICI. Glyce~ 'fine of Oarbolic Acid.

Carbolic Acid ........................ 1 oz. Glycerine ....... " .................... 4 "

Rub them together in a mortar until the acid is dissolved.

Therapeutics.-Astringent, styptic, and sti­mulant. Useful for sore-backs, cracked heels, wounds, and ulcers.

GLYCERINUM BORACIS. Borax ofGlyce­rine.

Borax, in powder ..................... 1 oz. Glycerine .............. " ............. 4i "

Rub them together in a mortar until the borax is dissolved.

Therapeutics.-Detergent and astringent in aphthous affections of the mouth, burns, bruises, and wounds; also a useful. application in some skin diseases.

HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM. Red Iodide of Mercury. (Rg 12=454.)

Perchloride of Mercury ............ 4 oz •• Iodide of Potassium .................. 5 " Boiling Water ........................ 4 pts.

Soluble in ether and in solution of iodide of potl:1.ssium; almost insoluble in w~tef; sparingly in alcohol.

43

Therapeutics.-A powerful irritant poison. Externally, stimulant, caustic and detergent. Used as an ointment to unhealthy wounds, and farcy buds j also as a caustic to splints, spavins curbs, enlarged bursro, and similar enlargements.

HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUB RUM. Red Owide of Mercury. (Rg 0 = 216.)

Mercury, by weight .................. 8 oz. Nitric Acid ........................ ••• 4! " Water ................................. 2 "

Insoluble in water j readily in hydrochloric acid.

Therapeutics.-OhieHy employed as an escha.~ rotic in powder or ointment.

HYDRARGYRI PERCHLORIDUl'rf. Per~ chloride of Mercury. Oorrosive Sublimate. (Rg C12 = 271.)

Sulphate of Mercury ............... 20 oz. Ohloride of Sodium (dried) ...... 16 " "Black Oxide of Manganese ...... 1 "

Sblubility; in water 1 to 15; in rectified spirit 1 in 7 in ether, 1 in 6.

Incompatibles.-Potash, soda, ammonia, and their carbonates; lime water; argent nit. ; plumbi scet.; sulphurets; soaps; many metals; astrin­gent infusions, or any containing albumell.

44

Therapeutics.-Irritant and corrosive poison in large doses, seldom given internally, although it has been recommended in glanders and farcy. Externally, stimulant, caustic and antiparasitic. Used as a caustic to indolent wounds, ulcers, fistulre, and tumours; as a stimulant in skin diseases j and an antiparasitic for the destruc­tion of acari, &c.

Doses.-Horse, 5 to 10 grains j cattle, 5 to 20 grains.

Antidotes.-The white and yolk of eggs; flour and water or milk; demulcent drinks.

HYDRARGY~I SUBCHLORIDUM. Sub. chloride of Mercury. Oalomel. (Hg 01 = 235'5.)

Sulphate of Mercury............... 10 oz. Mercury, by weight ............... 7 " Chloride of Sodium (dried).. ..... 5 " Boiling Water ....................... q. s.

Insoluble in water, rectified spirit, or ether. Incompatibles.-Alkaliesand their carbonates ;

lime water.

Therapeutics.-Irritant, stimulant, sedative alterative, catalytic, and antiphlogistic. Useful in affections of the liver, pleurisy, peritonitis, laminitis, iritis, enteritis, dysentery, fevers, and glandular enlargements. As a cathartic for the hOrS(ll it should be combined with some other

45

agent as its nction.is uncertain. Seldom admin­istered to cattle or sheep except in bad cases of dysentery.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 20 to 60 grains; sheep, 5 to 10 grains; dog, 2 to 4 grains.

Antidotes.-Same as Hydrargyri Perchlori~ dum.

HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Mer­cury. (Hg 804 = 296.)

Mercury ............................ of 20 oz. Sulphuric Acid .................... 12 "

Used only in .. the. preparation of calomel and corrosive sublimate.

HYDRARGYRUM. Mercury. Quicksilver. (Hg. = 200.)

A brilliantly-lustrous, white metal, liquid at common temperatures, becomes solid at 39°, volatilises at all temperatures above 68°.; boils at 662°. Obtained from China, California, South America, Almaden in Spain, and Idria in Austria. Sp. Gr. 13'5.

HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM. Am-moniated Mercury. White Precipitate. (NH2 Hg 01 = 251'5.)

46

Perchloride of Mercury ............ 3 oz.

Solution of Ammonia ............... 4 "

Distilled Water ..................... 3 pts.

Soluble in hydrochloric acid; insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether.

Therapeutics.--An irritant poison. Externally, used only in the form of an ointment (1 to 8) for the destruction of acari.

HYDRARGYRUM CUM CRETA. Mercury with Ohalk.

Mercury, by weight .................. 3 oz.

Prepared Chalk ........................ 6 "

Incompatibles.-Acids and acidulous salts.

Therapeutics.-;-An alterative to the dog.

Doses.-Dog, 3 to 10 grains.

INFUSUM CATECHU. Infusion of Oatechu.

Pale Catechu, in powder ...... 160 grs.

Cinnamon, bruised............... 30 "

'Boiling Distilled Water ....... 10 oz.

Infuse in a covered vessel ! hour, and strain.

Incompatibles.-The alkalies and alkaline earths; most metallic salts; gelatine; most vege-

47

table infusions containing an alkaloid, as decoc­

tion of Oinchon.Cf3,.

Doses.-Horseaand cattle,4 to 6 ounces ; sheep, 1 to 2 ounces: dog, i to 1 ounce.

INFUSUM CHIRATlE. Iltfusion of Ohiretta.

Chiretta, in small pieces .. .. .. . .. :! oz.

Distilled Water at 120° ............ 10 "

Infuse in a covered vessel § hour, and strain.

Incompatibles.-Most metallic salts.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 4 to 6 ounces; sheep, I to 2 ounces; dog,! to 1 ounce.

INFUSUM CINCHONlE FLAV lE. Infusion of Yellow Oinchona.

Yellow Cinchona Bark, in powder ... i oz:

Boiling Distilled Water ............... 10 "

Infuse in a covered vessel for ,2 hours, and strain"

Incompatibles.-The alkalies and their car­bonates; lime water; most metallic salts, and gelatine,

Doses. -Horses and cattle, 4 to 6 ounces; sheep> 1 to 2 ounces; dog, ! to 1 ounce.

48

INFUSUM ERGOTlE. Infusion of Ergot.

Ergot, in coarse powder.. ...... ! oz.

Boiling Distilled Water ......... 10 "

Infuse in a covered vessel for ~ hour, and strain.

Incompatibles.-Astringe~ts, metallic saltS.

Doses.-Horse, 6 to 8 ounces; cattle, 8 to 10 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4 ounces; dog, ~ to 1 ounce.

INFUSUM GENTIANlE COMPOSITUM. Compound Infusion of Gent'ian.

Gentian Root, sliced ............... 4 dr. Pimento Berries, bruised: .... , .•. 2 " Boiling Distilled Water ..... :... 1 pt.

Infuse in a covered vessel 4 hours, and strain.

Incompatibles.-Salts of iron, lead, and aJ1alo j gous salts.

Doses.-Horse, 6 to 8 ounces; cattle, 8 to 10 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4 ounces; dog, t to 1 ounce.

INFUSUM LINI. Infusion of Linseed. ,

Linseed........................... 1 oz.

Boiling Water................... 1 pt.

Infusei~ a covered vessel£or4 hours, and strain.

Incompatibles.-Most metallic salts.

Doses.-Ad libitum.

49

INFUSUM TABACI. Infu8ion of Tobacco.

Tobacco, in leaL. ............... 2 dr.

Boiling Distilled Water ........ · 2 pts.

Infuse in a covered vessel£or 1 hour, and strain.

Therapeutics.-Externally, as a parasiticide.

IODUM. Iodine. (I = 127.)

A non-metallic element obtained chiefly from the ashes of sea-weeds in th~ Western Islands of Scotland, in Ireland, and in FrancA. Solubility; in water 1 in 7000; in alcohol, 1 in 12; in ether, and in a solution of poms. iod., or sodium chlor.

Ineompatibles.-Metallic salts; mineral acids; ammonia; vegetable alkaloids.

Therapeutics.-In large dbses, irritant and corrosive poison; medicinally, a stimulant to secreting glands a!ld vessels j alterative, deo1;>E!tl'u­ent. Useful in hydrothorax, and ascites, exuda­tions from mucous membranes, chronic glandular enlargements, chronic affections of the liver, rheumatism, diabetes insipidus, and polyuria.

Externally, rubefacient, counter-irritant, deoo­ori.!mr, and disinfectant. It is a resolvent in bursal enlargements, swelling of joints, sprains to 'ten­dons, and all skin diseases are benefited by its use.

5

50

Doses.-Horse, 10 to 20 grains; cattle, 30 to 60 grains; sheep, 5 to 10 grains; dog, 1 to 2 grains.

Antidotes.-Emetics to the dog, aided by de­mulcent drinks; starch or flour diffused in w!Yter.

LINIMENTUM ACIDI CARBOLIC!. Lini­ment of Carbolic Acid.

Therapeutics.-See Glycerinum Acidi Carbo­lici.

LINIMENTUM AMlVIONllE. Liniment of Ammonia.

Solution of Ammonia ............... 1 oz. Olive oil .............................. 3 " Mix.

Therapeutics.-Counter-irritant in sore thro at, bronohitis, rheumatism, tumours, sprains, &c.

LINIlVIENTUM AMMONllE OOMPOSITUM. Compound Liniment of Ammonia.

Solution of Ammonia ....... 2 oz.

Olive oil ........................ 2 "

Oil of Turpentine ............ 2 "

51

Mix the ammonia solution and olive oil to­gether, and then add the oil of turpentine.

Therapeutics.-See Linimentum Ammonire.

LINIMENTUM CALOIS. Liniment of Lime. Carron Oil. 0

Solution or Lime ..................... 2 o.z. Olive Oil. ................................ 2 " Mix with agitation.

Therapeutics.-The best liniment to apply to scalds and burns.

LINIMENTUM CAMPHORlE. Liniment of Oamphor.

Camphor Olive Oil Mix.

. -

.............................. 2 oz . •

••••••• ; ••••••••••••••• t 1I .... t. 4 "

Therapeutics.-A 'stimulating embrocatioJl for sprains, and glandular swellings, &0.

LINIMENTUM CAMPHORlE COMPOSI· TU~. Oompound Liniment of Camphor.

Camphor... ...... ...... . . . ............ -! oz. Rectified Spirit ...................... 2 ". Solution of Ammonia.~............. 1 " Olive Oil .............................. 10 "

Dissolve the camphor in the spirit, and shake the solution of ammonia with the olive oil j mix.

. )

52

Therapeutics.-See Linimentum Camph6rre,

LINIMENTUM CANTHARIDIS. Liniment of Gantha1·ides. Oil of Oantharides.

Cantharides, in powder ............ 1 oz . • Olive Oil .............................. 8 "

Digest in a water-bath for 2 or more honrs, and strain.

Therapeuties.-Vesicant.

LINIMENTUM CROTONIS. Liniment of Groton Oil.

Croton Oil............ ................. 1 oz.

Soap Liniment ................ , ....... 8 J)

Mix.

Therapeutics.-Vesicant ..

LINIMENTUM CUPRI SULPHATIS. Lini­ment of Sulphate of Gopper.

Sulphate of Copper, in powder ... 1 oz'.

Tar .................................... 4 " Mix:, anal heat the mass together until it turns

a reddish-brown color.

Therapeutics.-Erodent and digestive for thrush, canker, and foot-rot .

53

LINIMENTUM IODI COMPOSITUM. Com-pound Liniment of Iodine.

Iodine ................................ Ii oz. Iodide of Potassium ............... i " Rectified Spirit ..................... 10 " Camphor.. ............................ !- "

(1 of iodine in 8.) 5 times the strength of tinct. rodi. Mix.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant to enlarged bursre and glands.

LINIMENTUM OPII. Liniment of Opium.

Tincture of Opium .................. 2 oz. Liniment of Soap ..................... 2 "

(1 of tincture of opium in 2.) Mix.

Therapeutics.-Anodyne to sprains, rheuma­tism, &c.

LINIMENTUM PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. Liniment of Sub acetate of Lead. •

Solution of Subacetate of Lead... 1 oz. Olive Oil ................. : ............. 4 " 'Mix.

Therapeutics.-Sedative after a blister, 01' the actual cautery j also for excoriated surfaces.

LINIMENTUM SAPONIS COMPOSITUM. Compo?lncl Liniment of Soap. Opodeldoc.

•

54

Camphor. .. ...... ......... ...... 2 071.

Soft Soap ........................ 8 " Proof Spirit..................... 4 pts, Solution of Ammonia......... 1 pt.

Dissolve the soap and camphor in the spil'it, tken add the ammonia.

Therapeutios.-StimuIant and anodyne. U sefuI for local inflammations, sprains, bruises, sore throat, &c.

LINIMENTUM TEREBINTHINlE. Lini· ment of Turpentine.

. Oil of Turpentine ................ 1 8 oz. Camphor ... '..... ....... .... ...... i"

. Soft Soap ••• ...... ...... ..... .... 1 " Mix the camphor with the turpentine .. and then

add the soap.

Therapeutics.-See Linimentum Sapouis Com­positum.

LIQUOR ACInI CARBOLICI. Solutio'll, of Oarbqlic Aq~d.

I Car}?olix ,A<M..... ........ .......... ! oz. ·Water ........... , ................ 20 " M.ix.

Therapeutics.-A styptic and antiseptic lotion for wounds after operations. Destroys acari and pediculi; for this purpose should be applied warm to animals.

LIQUOR ALOES. Solution of Aloes.

Aloes Barbadoes, in small pieces.. 1 lb. Proof Spirit ....... :.... .. ............ .16 oz. Distilled Water ..................... 5 pts.

Therapeutics.-Laxative and purgative. Doses.-Horsesandcattle,8to 160unces; sheep

2 to 6 ounces.

LIQUOR ALOES ET SOD.lE CARBONAT IS. Solution of Aloes with Carbonate of Soda.

Aloes Barbadoes, in small pieces ..... 1 lb. Soda Carbonate ........................... !i " Water ....................................... 1 gall.

Therapeutics.-Laxative and purgative.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 8 to 16 ounces; sheep, 2 to 6 ounces.

LIQUOR ALUMINIS. Sol1ttion of Alum. Alum, in powder .... .......... 1 oz. Distilled Water ............... 16 "

Therapeutics.-Externally, astringent and styptic.

LIQUOR AMMONIlE. Solution of Ammonia.

Strong Solution o£ Ammonia ...... 20 oz.

Distilled Water ........................ 40 "

Contains 10 per cent. of ammoniacal gas, or 52 grai:qs in 1 drachm. Sp. Gr. 0'959. c·

56

Incompatibles.-A.cids; acidulous and most earthy and metallic salts, except lime, baryta and strontia.

Therapeutics.-Concentrated, and in large doses, an irritant poison; medicinally, a general stimulant, antacid, alterative, antiseptic, antispas­modic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Externally, an irritant and vesicant. Useful in typhoid a.nd debilitating diseases, viz., influenza, purpura, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia; wherever there is cold extremities, pulse soft and weak, and de­pressed vital action. It relieves congestion of the lungs, and acts as an antacid and stimulant in hoven, and tympanitis. Externally, as a counter­irritant in rheumatism, sore throat, bronchitis: and chronic affections of the joints.

Doses.-Horse, ~ to 1 ounces; cattle, 2 to 4 ounces; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms j dog, 5 to 12 minims.

LIQUOR AMMONIlE ACETATIS. So11t­tion of the Acetate of Ammonia. Mindererus's Spirit. (NH, C2 H3 O2 • 77 dissolved in water.)

Ammonia Carbonate ...... ...... 3! oz. Acetic Acid........................ 10 " Distilled Water ......... ...... ... 50 "

Incompatibles.-A.cids j fixed alkalies and their carbonates; lime-water; acetate of lead j

~ nitrate of silver j and metallic sulphates .

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57

i'herapeutics.-A stimulant, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Useful in febrile diseases, influenza, and inflammation of the lungs. Externally, a discu­tient.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 4 to 8 ounces; s11eep, 1 to 4 ounces; dog, 2 to 8 drachms.

LIQUOR AMMONIlE FORTIOR. St1'ong Sol~t-tion of Ammonia. (NH3 = 17 dissolved in Water.)

Chloride of Ammonium ...... " .... 48 oz.

Slaked Lime ...... ........ .......... 64 "

Distilled Water ..................... 32 "

Sp. Gr. 0'891.

32'5 per cent. or 15'83 grs. of ammoniacal gas in 1 drachm.

Uses.-For the preparation of Liquor Am­monire, Spiritus Ammonire Aromaticus, Linimen­tum Camphorre Compositum, &c.

LIQUOR ANTIMONII CHLORIDI. SoluflWn of o,hloride of Antimony. Butter of Antimony.

(Sb Ch = 228'5 dissolved in water.)

Black Antimony ..................... 16 oz.

Hydrochloric Acid....... ........... 4 pts.

Sp. Gr. 1'470.

Therapeutics.-An irritant poison. ExterD;.111y

58

a caustic. Generally used in conjunction with Tinctura Myrrhre in the treatment of thrush, can­ker, foot-rot, and fistulre.

Antidotes.-Magnesia and its carbonates; chalk; and demulcent drinks.

LIQUOR ARSENICALIS. Solution of Arsenic.

Arsenious Acid ..................... 80 grs. Carbonate of Potash ............... 80 " Distilled Water .................. 20 oz.

t grain of Arsenious Acid in 1 drachm.

Incompatibles.-Acids and acidulous salts; hydro-sulphates; lime water; earthy and metallic salts; decoction of cinchonre, &c:

Tberapeutics.-Internally, th<':l same as arse­nious acid, but less likely to produce local irrita­tion. Externally, for the destruction of external parasites, and cure of skin diseases.,

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces j cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep, ! to 3 drachms; dog, 5 to 20 mInIms.

Antidotes.-Liquor Ferri Perchloridi (1).

LIQUOR ARSENIC! HYDROCHLORICUS. Hydrochloric Solution of A1·senic.

Arseuio:us ~\cid ..................... 80 grs. Hydrochloric Acid ............... 2 drs. Distilled Water ..................... 20 oz.

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1 fluid drachm contains t a grain of arsenious acid.

Therapeutics. Doses.

} See Liquor Arsenicalis.

Antidotes . ...:..A mixture of Ferri Peroxidum Humidum, and an alkaline carbonate.

LIQUOR CALCIS. Solution of Lime. ,Slaked Lime ........................... 2 oz. Distilled Water ..................... 1 gall.

1 oz. contains about! gr. of lime.

Incompatibles.-Acids and acidulous salts; alkaline carbonates; ammoniacal salts; metallic liialts, and astringent vegetable infusions.

Therapeutics.-An antacid; sometimes llsed as an antidote f.or acid poisoning.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 4 to 6 ounces; sheep, -i to 2 ounces; dog, 1 to 4 drachms.

LIQUOR CALCIS CHLORATlE. Solution of Chloride of Lime.

Chlorinated Lime .................. 16 oz. I)istilled Water ..................... 1 gall.

1 fluid ounce contains 13 grains of Chlorinated Lime. Sp. Gr. 1'035.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant, and deo~dorizer to fcetid wounds and sores. Is a deodoriier and dis­iufectant for stables and other buildings.

60

LIQUOR FERRI PERCHLORIDI. Solution of the Perchloride of Iron. J

Strong Solution of Perchloride of Iron 5 oz. Distilled Water ........................... 15 " Same strength as tincture perchloride of iron;

one-fourth the strength of liquor ferri perchloririli fortior. Sp. Gr. 1'105,

Therapeutics. } The same as Tinctura Ferri Doses. Perchloridi.

LIQUOR FERRI PERCHLORIDI FORTIOIt.. Sfrrong Soll£tion of Perchloride of Iron. (Fe2 CIG = 325, in Solution of Water,)

Iron Wire ........................ 2 oz. Nitric Acid .................... 9 drs. Hydrochloric Acid ............ 12 oz. Distilled Water .................. 8 "

Add the iron in successive portions to 8 oz. of the hydrochloric acid, mixed with the water, and apply a gentle heat until the metal is dissolved. Filter, and add the remaining hydrochloric and nitric acids. Heat the mixture briskly until red fumes are given off, and the liquid becomes an orange-brown colour, then evaporate by the heat of a vapour bath to 10 oz. If a neutral solution i~ required, evaporate to 4 or 5 ounces, and after­wards add water to make 10 ounces. Sp. G1', 1'420.

Uses.-In the preparation of Tinctura. l?erri Perchloridi.

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LIQUOR FERRI PERSULPHATIS. Solu-tion of Per8ulphate of Iron. (Fe2 (S04)a di880lved in water.)

Sulphate of Iron ................ 8 oz. Sulphuric A.cid ............... 6 drs. Nitric Acid ........... q. s. or 6 " Distilled Water .............. .12 oz.

Add the sulphuric acid to 10 oz. of water, and dissolve the iron in it by means of heat; then add the nitric acid, mixed with 2 oz. of water. Concentrate by boiling, until the liquid changes from a black to a red colour; and, if necessary, add nitric acid until it ceases to give a blue pre­cipitate with red prussiate of potash. When cold, add water to 11 oz. Sp. Gr. 1'411.

Therapeutics.-A st.yptic; not prescribed in-ternally.· .

LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI PERCHLORIDI. Solution of Perchloride of Mercury.

Perchloride of Mercury .... 10 grs. Chloride of Ammonium ...... l0 " Distilled Water ............... 20 oz.

(~. grain of perchloride of mercury in 1 ounce.) The presence of the chloride of ammonium in­

creases the solubility of the mercurial salt in water.

Therapeutics.-Externally a stimulant, in the treatment of pa,rasitic diseases of the skin.

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LIQUOR JODI. Solution of Iodine. Iodine ........................... 20 grs. Iodide of Potassium ......... 30 " pistilled Water............... 1 oz.

(1 part or iodine in 24.)

Therapeutics.-Externally; a stimulant and counter-irritant; injected into wounds and cavi­ties to caUSe adhesion of their sides. Serviceable in hremorrhage rrom the bladder (1 drachm or the solution must be diluted with 3 or 4 ounces of water); capped elbows, skin diseases, &c.

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. Solu-tion of Subacetate of Lead. Goulard's Extract.

Acetate of Lead ............ 5 oz. Oxide of Lead, in powder... 3 ~ " Distilled Water ............... 20 "

Boil together for half an ,hour, frequently stir­ring, theu filter; when the liquor is cold, add distilled water sufficient to measure 20 fluid ounces. Sp. Gr. 1.260.

Incompatibles.-Hydrochloric, sulphuric and carbonic acids; lime water, potash, soda, hy;dro­sulphates, chlorides, spring and river water.

Therapeutics.-An astringent and sedative; not given internally. Used principally in mak­ing Linimentum Plumbi Subacetatis.

Antidotes.-See Plumbi Acetas.

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LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS DILU­TUS, Diluted Solution of Subacetate of Lead. Goulard' 8 Water.

Solution of Subacetate of Lead.. 2 drs. Rectified Spirit ..................... 2 drs. Distilled Water .............. : ...... 20 oz.

Mix, and keep in a stoppered bottle.

Therapeutics.-Externally, sedative and as­tringent, in superficial inflammations; burns, pruises, and irritable over-secreting sores; strain­ed tendons and joints; in eczema, and other skin diseases.

LIQUOR POTASSlE. Solution of Potash. Carbonate of Potash ............... 16 oz.

Slaked Lime ......................... 12 " Distilled Water ..................... 1 gall.,

Heat the solution of carbonate of potash to the boiling' point, in a clean iron vessel, ::Ldd gradually the slaked lime, and continue the ebullition for 10 minutes with constant stirring; rempve from the fire, and after the liquor has become clear, transfer it by means of a sypbon to an air-tight, green, stoppered bottle. Add, distilled water, if necessary, to make it of the Sp. Gr. 1'058.

Incompatibles.-Acids, and acidulous salts;

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ammoniacal salts; earthy and metallic salts held in solution by acids.

Therapeutics.-Primarily antacid; secondly alterative and diuretic. In over doses poisonous. U sed in the preparation of caustic potash.

Antidotes.-Same as Potassa Caustica.

LIQUOR PPTASSlE NITRATIS. Soltttion of Nitrate of Potash.

Nitrate of Potash ..................... 1 oz. Distilled Water ..................... 7 "

Therapeutics.-Stimu]ant to gangrenous and other wounds, also for sprains and inflammations.

LIQUOR POTASSlE PERMANGANATIS. Solution of Permanganaie of Potash.

Permanganate of Potash ...... '0' 80 grs. Distilled Water ..................... 20 oz.

(4 grains of Permanganate of Potash in 1 oz.) Therapeutics.-A valuable deodoriser; but to

develope its powers in this way, must be brought in contact with the offensive odour. This solu­tion is analogous to, but much weaker than Condy's Disinfecting Fluid. Serviceable for washing diseased surfaces. •

LIQUOR SOD.lE. Solution of Soda. Car.bonate of Soda .................. 28 oz. Slaked Lime ........................ 12 " Distilled Water ..... : ......... '-.... , 1 gall.

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Prepared in the same manner as directed £01'

the solution of potash. Sp. Gr. 1'047.

Incompatibles.-See Liquor PotasslB. Therapeutics.-Same as Liquor PotasslB. It

is employed in the preparation of Caustic Soda.

LIQ,UOR STRYCHNIlE. Solution of Stry-ehnia.

,Strychnia, in crystaJR .......... , '" 4 grs. Dilute Hydrochloric Acid .. , '" 6 mins. Rectified Spirit ..................... 2 drs. Distilled Water ..................... 6 drs.

(Contains ~ -grain or strychniain 1 fluid drachm.)

Therapeutics.-Stimulant and t;nic. Being powerfully poisonous, even in smali doses, should be administered with great caution. It is espe­cially serviceable in asthenia, intermittent fevers, chorea, and skin disea,ses.

Doses. - Horses and cattle, 2 to 6 drachms; sheep, t to 2 drachms; dog, 3 to 12 minims.

Antidotes.-Same as Sirychnia.

LIQ,UOR ZINCI CHLORIDI. Solution of Ohloride of Zinc. Butter of Zinc.

Granulated Zinc .................. 16 oz.

Hydrochloric Acid .................. 44 J)

Solution of Chlorine ............... q. s.

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Carbonate of Zinc q. s. or! oz, Distilled Water .................... 20 "

1.{ix. Product, 2 pints.

Therapeutics.-A deodorizer and disinfect.ant (in proportion of 1 oz. chloride of zinc to 1 gall. of water). It is a powerful caustic, involving the vitality of the organized textures, and occa­sioning severe burning pain, which lasts fOl' hours. Is used to destroy fungous tumours, fibrons growths, and is of benefit in cancerous sores, by promoting a new action in the part~

Antidotes.-Same as Zinci Chloridum.

LOTIO ACIDI CARBOLIC!. Lotion of Oar­bolic Acid.

Carbolic Acid ............... 2 drs. Distilled Water ..................... 12 to 24 oz.

Therapeutics.-An escharotic, stimulant, deo~ dorizer and disinfectant. Serviceable as a dress. ing for wounds, sores, ulcers, foot-rot, grease, and skin diseases.

. LOTIO AMMONIlE ACETATIS. Lotion of

Acetate of Ammonia.

Solution of Acetate of Ammonia ... 2 oz. I\ectified Spirit ....................... 2 " Water .................................... l0 H

67

Therapeutics.-Discutient. A lotion for sprains and local inflammations.

LOTIO HYDRARGYRI FLA VA. Yellow

Mercurial Wash. Perchloride of Mercul'Y .. , ...... 18 grs. Solution of Lime .................. 10 ·oz.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant to unhealthy wounds and uloers.

LOTIO HYDRARGYRI NIGRA. Black. Mer­curial Wash.

Subchloride of Mercury ......... 30 grs. Solution bf Lime .................. 10 oz,

Therapeutics.-Stimulant to unhe(1lthy wounds and ulcers.

MAGNESIA. Magnesia. (Mg O. = 40.) Heavy carbonate of magnesia calcined. Incompatibles.-Acids, acidulous and meta11io

salts.

Therapeutics.-Antaoid and laxative, .A.dmi~ nistered to calves with indigestion, and as an antidote in poisoning by oxalic and mineral acids,

Dose.-Calves, 2 to 8 draohms.

MAGNESIA LEVIS. Light Oalcined Mag~ nesia. (Mg 0 = 40.)

Light carQOnate Qf magnesia calcin~a.

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Incompatibles, } Therapeutics. Same as Magnesia. Dose.

MAGNESllE CARBONAS. Oarbonate of Mag­nesia. (3 Mg 003 Mg (HO)2' 4,H20.)

A white granular powder; the magnesioo car. bonas penderosum of Dublin,

Incompatibles. } Therapeutics. See Magnesia. Doses.

MAGNESllE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Mag­nesia. Bpsom Salts. (Mg S04' 7 H 20 = 246).

Prepared by dissolving Magnesite (Mg COal in dilute sulphuric acid, heating the solution formed until carbonic anhydride ceases to be given off, filtering, and evaporating the filtrate, so that the resulting sulphate of magnesia may crystallize. out on cooling and standing.

(10 oz. dissolved in 15 oz. of wa.ter, measure 20 oz.)

Incompatibles.-Lime water; acetate of lead; alkaline carbonates.

Therapeutics.-A febrifuge and cathartic, pro­ducing Wl1tl'lry evacuations without, ih general, causing griping or nausea. It is adapted for most forms of febrile and inflammatory diseases. It is also an antidote for lead poisoning.

DOSes.-Oathartic :-Cattle1 1 to 2 pouuds;

69

sheep, 1 to 3 ounces; dog, 1 to 4 drachms. Febri­fuge :-Horse, 2 to 4 ounces.

MASSA ALOES. Mass of Aloes. Oathartic Mass.

Barbadoes Aloes ............... _.... 8 oz. Ginger •• " ............................ 2 " Glycerine, or Treacle .............. 2 " Melt together in a water-bath.

Therapeutics.~Cathartic.

Dose.-Horse, 6 to 8 drachms.

MASSA ALOES COMPOSITA. Oompcmnd

Aloe Mass. Barbadoes Aloes .................. 2 oz. Soft Soap ........................... 2 " Oommon Mass ..................... 12 "

Mix. Therapeutics.-Alterative. Dose.-Horse, 1 ounce.

MASSA BELLADONNlE COMPOSITA. Com­pound Belladonna Ml1s8.

Extract of Belladonna ............ 1 dr. Barbadoes Aloes _ ................. 1

" -Nitrate of Potash .......... : ....... 2 drs. COlllnon Mass ..................... q. s.

Mix. Therapeutics.--;-An anodyne and nerve stimu­

lant, servIce.able in chronic cough. Dose.-Horse, sufficient for one dose.

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MASSA CATECHU. Catechu Mass. Astr,in-gent Mass.

Extract of Ca.techu ............ ' .. 2 oz. Cinnamon Bark ........ ' ......... :. 2 oz. Common Mass ..................... 12 "

Mix. Therapeutics.-An astringent. Dose.--Horse, 1 ounce.

MASSA COMMUNIS. Common Mass.

Linseed, in powder. } of each, equal parts. Treacle .............. .

Mix. Use.-For the administration of medicines in

the form of a bolus.

MASSA OUPRI SULPHATIS. Sulphate of Copper Mass.

Sulphate of Copper, in powder... 2 oz. Ginger, in powder ......... '... ...... 2 " Common Mass ..................... 12 "

Mix. Therapeutics.-Tonic. Dose .. - Horse, 6 to 8 drachms.

MASSA DIGITALIS COlYIPOSITA. Com-pound Digitalis Mass. Cough Ball.

Barbadoes Aloes ." .... , .......... 4 oz. Digitalis, in powder ............ ", 2 " Common Mass .. , .... ' ...... , ...... 26 "

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Mix. Therapeutics.-Alterative and sedative in

chronic cough. Dose.-Horse, 1 ounce. MASSA FERRI SULPHATIS. Sulphate of

Iron Ma88.

Sulphate of Iron, in powder ...... 2 oz. Ginger, in powder ...... ••. ....... _. 1 " Common Mass ........................ 5 "

. Mix. Therapeutics.-Tonic. Dose.-Horse, 6 to 8 drachms.

MASSA RESINlE COMPOSITA. Oom-pound Resin M a8S.

Resin, in powder ............... ...... 2 oz. Nitrate of Potash ..................... 2 " Hard Soap ........................... 2 "

Mix. Therapeutics.-Diuretic. Dose.-Horse, 1 ounce.

MASSA ZINGIBERIS COMPOSITA. Oompound Ginger Mas8.

Ginger, in powder .................. 2 oz. Gentian Root, in powder ., .. , .. ,. 2 " Treacle .. ......... ...................... q. s.

Mix. Therapeutics.-Stomachic. Dose,-Horse,l ounce.

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MISTURA AMMONI~. Ammonia Miw-tUfe.

Solution of Ammonia........ . ..... 4 oz. Spirit of Nitrous Ether ............ 4 " Tincture of Gentian .. " .............. 4, "

Therapeutics.-Antispasmodic and stimulant. Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 2 to 4

ounces; sheep, 4 to 6 drachms.

MISTURA CRET~ COMPOSITA. Oorn-pound Ohalk M wtufe.

Prepared Chalk .. , .................. 2 oz. Catechu, in powder .................. 1 " Ginger ................................. t " Opium ................................. 1 dr. Water ................................. 1 pt.

Mi~.

Therapeutics.-Astringent and antacid for diarrhrea in sheep and calves.

Dose. - Calf, i to 2 ounces j sheep, 4 to 8 drachma.

MISTURA RICIN!. Gastor Oil Mixture. Castor Oil............... • ... .,.... ... 3 oz. Syrup of Poppies .................... 1 ,,' Syrup of Buckthorn ............... 2 "

Mix.

Therapeutics. -Cathartic. Dose.-Dog,4 to 8 drachms.

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MUCILAGO ACACllE. Mucilage of Gum Acacia.

Gum Acacia, in small pieces ... 4 oz. Distilled Water ..................... 8 "

Dissolve in an earthenware jar, stir frequently, and strain through muslin.

Incompatibles.-Rectified spirit; acetate of lead, and the protonitrate of mercury.

Therapeutics.-Demulcent and emollient. U se­ful to allay irritation of the urinary organs, and the intestinal canal.

Dose.-Ad libitum.

MUOrLAGO AMYLI. Mucilage of Starch Starch ............ '" ............... 120 grs. Distilled Water..... ............ 10 oz.

Gradually add the starch to the water, then boil fqr a few minutes, with constant stirring.

Use. - In preparing enemas.

PLUMEI ACETAS. Acetate of Lead. Sugar of Lead. (Pb (02 Ha 02). 3 H2 0 = 379).

O~ide of Lead, in powder ...... Acetic Acid .................. '" ••• Distilled Water ................ ..

(1 part soluble in 2~ of water).

24 oz. 2 pts. 1 pt.

Therapeutics.-Sedative and astringent. In large doses causes inflammation of the alimentary canal. It is administered in diarrhooa, dysentery,

7

74

and diabetes insipidus; is also useful in purpura in horses, and red water in cattle. Externally, its twa-fold action as an astringent and sedative, is ot service in superficial inflammations; in burns, bruises, and over-secreting sores; in strained in­flamed tendons and joints; in skin diseases to aHay the itching.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 drachm j sheep, 15 grains; dog 2 to I) grains.

Antidotes.-Sulphate and phosphate of soda, epsom saIts, succeeded by emetics and active purgativ~'>, and afterwards opiates.

PLUMBIOXIDUM. Oxide of Lead. Litharge. (Ph 0 = 223.) Is prepared by exposing lead whilst melted to

a current of hot air; also by heating the car­bonate of lead. to low redness. Heavy scales, of a pale brick colour, soluble ill dilute nitric and acetic acids.

Uses. - In preparing Plumbi Acetas, and Liquor Plumbi Subacebtis.

POTASSA CAUSTIOA. Caustic Potas"/l,. Potassa Fusa. (KHO = 56.)

Solution of potash solidified by evaporation. Solubility, 2 in 1 of water.

Therapeutics.-Caustic, and a powerful cor­rosive and irritant poison. U sed as an escha· rotic to wounds caused by the bites of rabid

75

animals j for the destruction of tumours} and other fungous growths} also to stimulate unhealthy ulcers. The Vienna paste} which is employed by some practitioners} consists of caustic potash} 5 drachms j slaked lime,6 drachms j rectified spirit, q. s. to make a mass.

POTASSA SULPHURATA. Sulphurated Po­lash. Liver of Sulphur'.

Prepared by mixing together sulphur and car­bonate of potash, and afterwards heating in a crucible till they have combined. In solid green­ish masses, liver-brown when recently broken j acrid to the taste.

Incompatibles.-Strong acids, and most metal­lic solutions.

Therapeutics.-Narcotic and irritant, causing inflammation of the alimentary canal, and tetanic spasms, In small doses it was formerly employed in obstinate skin diseases, and chronic rheuma­tism} but owing to its irritant properties} and want of success was abandoned. Externally} as a dressing in skin diseases of a scaly nature.

Antidotes.-Soiution of chlorinated lime, with an emollient drink.

POTASSlE BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Potash. (HKC03 = 1(0).

Obtained by passing a stream or carbonic acid through carbonate of potassium. Colourless right rhombic prisms} not deliquescent j of a slight al­kaline taste j soluble in 3 parts of water.

1)

76

Incompatibles.-Acids and acidulous salts; acetate of ammonia; alum; ammonii chlol'idum; lime water; most salts.

Therapeutics.-Antacid. antilithic, and diure­tic. U sed for the same p~rposes as the liquor potassoo, but acts more powerfully on the kidneys. Useful in acute rheumatism.

Doses. -Horses and cattle, 2 to 6 drachms; sheep, ~ to 2 drachms; dog, 10 to 30 grains.

Antidotes.-Highly diluted acetic acid, and linseed or olive oil.

POTASSlE CARBONAS. Ca1·bonate of Po-tash. (K200S = 138. with 16 p. c. of water of c1·ystullization. )

Obtained from commercial pearl ash, the pro­duct of lixivation of wood ashes. Soluble III

water, 100 in 75, insoluble iu spirit. IncompatibleS.-See Potassoo Bicarbonas. Therapeutics.-The same· as Potassre Bicar­

banas, but more irritable to the stomach and intes­tines.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, ~ to 1 drachm; dog, 5 to 20 grains.

Antidotes.-See Potassa:l Bicarbonas.

POTASSlE CHLORAS. Ohlorate of Potash. (K Cl 03 = 122·5.)

Is prepared by slowly passing a stream of chlorine gas through a cold solution of carbonate of potash in a woulfe's bottle. 'When efferves-

77

cance has ceased the solution is allowed to stand 24 hours, when will be found deposited crystals of the salt. These are washed with cold water, and re-crystallized.

Thel'apeutics.-Stimulant, diuretic, and refri­

gerant. Useful in tympanitis and hoven; in febrile and inflammatory affections; also in zymotic diseases. Externally, stimulant and refrigerant to cancerous and footid ulcers.

Doses.~ Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle, 2 to 4 drachma; sheep, 20 to 40 grains; dog, 5 to 15 grains.

POTASSlE NITRAS. Nitrate of Potash. Nitre. Saltpetre. (KNOa = 101.)

Commercial nitrate of potash purified by re­crystallization. Soluble in 4 parts of cold water.

lncompatibles.-Oxides; earths; alkalies and their carbonates; sulphurets; acetates of lead and potash.

Therapeutics.-1n large doses an irritant, producing inflammation of the lining membrane of intestines, sinking pulse, purging, &c. Medi. cinally, diuretic, febrihge, and refrigerant. Ex­ternally, stimulant to sluggish wounds, &c.

Doses.-Horse, 2 to 4 drachms; cattle, 4 to 8 drachms; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms j dog, 5 to 10 grains,

1)

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POTASSlE PERMANGANAS. PermanganatB of Potash. (K2 Mn2 Os = 316.)

Is prepared by fusing the black oxide of man­ganese with potassium chlorate and hydroxide, a green mass, or with the addition of water, a green soktion, is formed of potassium manganate. 'When this oxidizes by exposure' to the atmos­phere, or more rapidly by the addition of sul­phuric acid, the permanganate is formed. It may be crystallized ip. dark-purple prisms, but is gene­rally used in the deep crimson or purple solution, called "Condy's Fluid." Soluble in 16 parts of water.

Therapeutics.-A powerful antiseptic, and stimulant. U sefuI for dressing footid wounds and ulcers. For deodorizing and disinfecting pur­poses, mix 1 ounce of commercial permanga.nte of potash with a pailful of water, and well sprin. kle it about the stables, drains, &c.

POTASSlE PRUSS lAS FLAVA. YellowPrus­siate of Potash. (K4 FeC6 N6• 3 Hz 0 = 422.)

Use.-For preparing Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum. •

POTASSlE SULPHAS. S1~lphat8 of Potash. (K2 SO, = 174.)

Obtained from the residum of the distillation of: nitric acid when made by treating nitre with su},..

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phuric acid, which consists of acid sulphate of potash, not quite pure. This is dissolved in water, and the excess or acid in the acid sulphate is re­moved as sulphate of lime, by rendering the suIu­tion slightly alkaline with slaked lime. The ex­cess of lime is afterwards got rid of by the addi­tion of carbonate of potash, and to the filtered fluid dilute sulphuric acid is added, so as to make a ne~tral or slightly acid solution, and the sulphate of potash is allowed after evaporation to crystal­lize out. Soluble in 10 parts of cold water; inso­luble in spirit.

Incompatibles.-Acid tart. ; calc. chlol'. ; plumb. acet.

Use.-In preparing Pulvis Ipecacuanhre Com­positus.

POTASSII IODIDUM. Iodide of Potassium. (K 1= 166.) ,

Is prepared by placing iodine and iron in water, when a solution of iodide of iron is form­ed; it is decomposed by the addition of carbonate of potash, forming the carbonate of iron, which is precipitated, and the iodide of potassium is left in solution. The latter, on concentration by evaporation and cooling, yields white crystals of iodide of potassium. Readily soluble in water, 4 iu :3 ,i spirit 1 iu 6.

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Ineompatibles.-Acids, and most acidulous BaIts; also metallic salts. Therapeutics.~In large dORes irritant poison;

medicinally, alterative, deobstruent, diuretic. Given in scrofula, enlarged glands, rheumatism, dropsy, and sometimes in periostitis. Externally, to cause absorption of tumours, and other growths.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle, 1 to 3 drachma; sheep, 20 to nO grains j dog, 1 to [1

grains.

PULVIS ANTIMONIALIS. Antimonial Pow. der. James' Powder.

Oxide of Antimony .................. 1 oz, Phosphate of Lime .................. 2 "

Tllerapeutics.-The same as tartarated anti.. mony. Used as a febrifuge for the dog.

Dose.-Dog, 3 to 10 grains.

PULVIS 1'FERRI SULPHATIS COMPO· SITUS. Oompownd Powder of Sulphate of Iron.

Sulphate of Iron .................. 1 drm. Gentian, in powder ............... 4 drms.

Mix. Therapeutjcs~-Tollic. Dose. -Horse 5 drachms; sprinkled over the

food.

PULVIS IPECACU ANHlE COMPOSITUS. Oompound Pawder of Ipecacttanha, DaveI"s 1!awdc1',

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Ipecacuanha Root, in powder ...... ! oz. Opium, in powder . . . ... ......... ... ! " Sulphate of Potash ................. 4 "

(1 grain of opium in 40 grains). Thera.peutics.-Sedative, diaphoretic, and nau­

seant. Dose.-Dog, 5 to 15 grains, three or four times

a day.

PULVIS OPII COMPOSITUS. Compound Powder of Opium.

Opium ................................. 2 oz. Pimento ...................•.......... 2 " Galls .................................... 2 JJ

Carbonate of Soda .................. 2 " Therapeutics.-Sedative, astringent, and sti­

mulant. Given in cases of obstinate diarrhCBa. Doses. - Horses and cattle, 4 to 6 drachms ;

sheep, 1 to l! drachm, dog, 10 to 30 grains.

PYROXYLIN. Dinitro-ceZlltlose.

( C12[~N204 ]Ol() = 504. )

Cotton ................................. 1 oz. 'Sulphuric Acid ........................ 5 " Nitric Acid ... .. . ... ... .... . . .. .. .. .. 5 "

Mix the acids, immerse the cotton, and stir with a glass rod for 3 minutes, or until it is thQroughly wetted, then remove it and thoroughly wash out the acid, so that the washings cease to

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Ilrecipitate with chloride of barium. Drain on filtering paper, and dry in a water-bath at a heat not exceeding 200°. Inflames at 400°.

Use. - In the preparation of Collodium.

QUINllE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Quinine. (C2(,j H24 N 2 O2)2. H2 SO~. 7 H2 0 = 872.) The snlphate of an alkaloid obtained from

yellow cinchona bark, and from the bark of cinchona lancifolia. Solubility in water 1 in 1,000; in acid sulphuric dil. 60 grains in 60 minims; 12 grains are equal to L ounce of good bark.

Incompatibles.-Alkalies and their carbonates; oxalic, tartaric, and gallic acids, and their salts; lime water; and many astringent vegetable in­fusions and tinctures.

Therapeutics.-A powerful tonic; active anti­septic, and antiperiodic. Useful in weak diges­tion, and loss of appetite d~pending on debility; in convalescence from acute complaints; also chronic exhausting diseases. Is given in stran­gles,influenza, purpura, and typhoid fever. No tonic is.o£ greater service in badly-nourished dogs, especially after distemper, &c.

Doses.-Horse, 20 to 40 grains; cattle, 20 to 60 ~raius; slteep, 5 to 10 grains; dog, 1 to 5 grams.

SODA CAUSTICA. Caustic Soda. (Na HO = 4().)

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Obtained in solution by boiling lime with C'!tr­bonate of sodium, dissolved in water. When the liquid thus procured is evaporated to dryness, it leaves hard greyish white fragments, veryalka­lineandcorrosive. Soluble in equal parts of water.

Therapeutics.-A caustic. Equal in strength to potassa caustica, but preferable, as it does not deliquesce and spread.

Antidotes.-Diluted acetic acid, lemon juice, oils, and demulcents.

SODlE AOETAS. Acetate of Soda. (Na C2H 3

O2' 3H20 = 136.) Obtained oy dissolving sodium carbonate in

acetic acid, and evaporating the solution) so that the sodium acetate may crystallize out. The crystals are dried by exposure to the air on a porous brick.

U se·-In preparing Acetic Acid.

SODlE BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Soda. (Na RC03 = 84.) Is prepared by passing carbonic acid over the

carb~:mate. Soluble in 10 parts of water. Incompatibles.-Acids; acidulous salts; am­

mon hydrochlor; lime water; and metallic salts. T)1erapeutics.-Same as Potassre Bicarbonas.

Doses.-Horse 4 to 6 drachms; cattle, 4 to 8 drachms; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms; dog, 5 to 40 grains.

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SOD.ZE CARBONAS. Carbonate of Soda. Wash­ing Soda. (Na2 C03. 10 H20 = 286.)

Obtained from several sources. lst Kelp, which contains 2 to 5 per cent. of the carbonate. 2nd Barilla, the saline ash left after combustion of certain maritime plants, i.e., Salsola Soda and Salicornia Herbacea, which contains 18 per cent. of the carbonate. 3rd Native carbonate (generally sesquicarbonaie), found on the margins of certain bodies of water in Egypt, Africa, Mexico, and Hungary. 4th Prepared on a large scale from sea­salt. Soluble in 2 parts of water, insoluble in spirit. 20 grs. neutralize 9' 7 grs. of citric, 1 0 ~ grs. of tartaric acid, or 2t drachms of lemon juice.

Incompatibles.-See Sodal Bicarbonas. Therapeutics.-Similar to Potassre Carbonas. Doses.-Horse, 4 to 6 drachms; cattle) 4 to 8

drachms; sheep, 1 to 2 dracEms; dog, 2 to 40 grams.

SODlE CARBONAS EXSICCATA. Dried Oar­bonate of Soda. eN a2 C03 = 106.)

Crystallized sodium carbonate dried by a strong heat.

Incompatibles.-See Sodre Bicarbonas. Therapeutics.-Similar to Potassre Carbonas. Doses. -Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle, 2 to 5

drachms; sheep, t to 1 drachm; dog 2 to 10 grains.

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SOD,;g SULPHAS. Snlphate of Soda, Olan. bM"S Salt. (Na2S04' 10 HliO = 322.)

This salt is made in large quantities by the action of oil of vitriol on common salt, and is the residue of the process for hydrochloric acid. It is found native and exists in sea.water. Soluble in 3 parts of water.

Therapeutics.-A saline cathartic, increasing the intestinal secretions considerably. It is more nauseous, and griping than the sulphate of mag­nesia. In veterinary practice is seldom used, except as a purgative for cattle.

Dose.-Cattle, 1 to 2 pounds.

SODlE SULPHIS. S1tlphite (.1 Soda. (N a2803 •

7H20= 252.) Prepared by saturating a solution of carbonate

of soda, with sulphurous acid gas, and crystal­lizing.

Incompatibles.-Acids, and most metallic salts.

Therapeutics.-Antiseptic, deodorizer, and disinfectant, as well as an alterative, and -febri. fuge: 'As as antiseptic, it arrests the growth of bacteroid organisms, and so prevents putrefac­tion. Useful in phthisis, fevers, purpura, stran­gles' rheumatism, farcy, glanders, indigestion, tympanitis, boils, anu skin diseases. Exter. nally, for phagedronic wounds tI,nd ulcers.

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Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 2 to 4 ounces; sheep, 2 to 6 drachms; dog, 10 to 30 grains, repeated several times daily.

SOD II CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Sodi'tt1n.

Common Salt. (Na CI = 58'5.)

Prepared from sea-salt or rock-salt by solution

and evaporation. It occurs in soils and natural waters; and is present in animals and plants. Solu ble in 21 parts of watel"

Therapeutics.-Stimulant, emetic, cathartic,. anthelmintic, tonic, alterative and diuretic. Given as a purgative to cattle and sheep in diarrhcea caused by an irritant, or by over-feeding in fardel-bound; also in stomach distention. T(;) sheep for the prevention of rot. It prevents the growth of worms in the intestines, these parasites being more tJrofuse where little orno salt is used, or where it is necessarily 'absent for a time~ In torpidity and constipation among cattle, it is especially effective. Rock-salt increases the appetite of all animals, and should when conve­nient, be kept constantly in the manger, crib, or trough. Useful for impaired digestion, and as an emetic for the dog. Externally, ail a stimulant in chronic sprains, diseases of the joints and feet, particularly amongst cattle and sheep.

Doses. - P1trgative and anthelmintic.-Cattle,

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1 to 2 pounds; sheep, 1 to 3 ounces. Tonic. Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 2 to . 4 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4 drachms; dog, 10 to 30 grains. Emetic.-Dog, 1 to 2 drachms.

SODIUM. (Na= 23.) A silvery-white, soft, malleable, ductile metal,

possessing a high degree of metallic lustre, but tarnishes q~ickly, has a strong affinity for oxygen, and decomposes water, but withont combustion, unless·the water is hot. Sp. Gr. 0'97.

SPIRITUS }ETHERIS. Spirit of Ether. Ether ... ~ .............................. 10 oz. Rectified Spirit..................... 20 "

Mix. Sp. Gr. 0'809. TherapeutiCs.-Diffusible stimulant; antispas­

modic. Doses.-Horses, 3 to 6 ounces; cattle, 6 to 10

ounces; sheep, 1 to 2 ounces j dog, 1 to 6 drachms.

SPIRITUS lETHERIS NITROSI. Spirit of Nitrou8 Ether. Sweet spi1'its of Nitre.

(A. spiritous solution of nitrous ether, 02B5N02 = 75.)

Nitric Acid ........................... 3 oz. Rectified Spirit ... .............. .... q. s. Copper Wire, No. 25 .. , ............ 2 oz. Sulphuric Acid ......... ............ 2 "

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Add the sulphuric acid gradually to a pint, of the spirit, then in the same way, add two and haH ounces of the nitric acid, and distil in a ... vessel containing the copper, between 170° and 180°, until twelve ounces have passed over; with- . draw the heat and let the contents of the retort cool: add the remaining' haH ounce of nitrio acid, and re-distil until the distillate has increas­ed to fifteen ounces. Mix this with two pints of rectified spirit, or as much as will make the pro­duct answer to the specific gravity 0'845, and chloride of·calcium tests.

Incompatibles.-Potassii iodidum, ferri suI­phas, alkaJine and earthy salts.

Therapeutics. -:-Large joses, narcotic and seda-I tive; medicinally, stimulant, diaphoretic, anti­spasmodic, and diuretic. For all animals it is of service in indigestion, tympanitis, colic, and local congestions. Acts as an . antiseptic in typhoid afiectiollfl, and convalescence from debilitating diseases. Externally, a refrigerant. It resembles ether and alcohol.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces j cattle, 2, to 4 ounces; sheep, 2 to 6 drachms j dog, ~ to 2 drachms.

SPIRITUS AMMONIlE AROMATICUS, .A1"omatic Spirit of Ammonia.

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Carbonate of Ammonia ............ 8 oz.

Strong Solution of Ammonia ...... 4 "

Oil of Nutmeg ........ ___ ............. 4 drms.

Oil of Lemon ........................ 6 "

Rectified Spirit . " . . . . .. ... ........ 6 pts.

Distilled Water ..................... 3 "

Distil. Produce 7 pints. Sp. G1·. 0-870.

Therapeutics.-An antacid, diffusible stimu­lant, and antispasmodic. Used in similar cases as the carbonate. Especially useful in fla­tulent colic, and in the adynamic stage of con­tinued fevers, debility, &c.

Doses.-liorse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 2 to 4 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4 drachms; dog, 10 to 30 mmlms.

SPIRITUS AMMONIlE FCETIDUS. Fetid Spirit of Ammonia.

Strong Solution of Ammonia ... 2 oz.

'Assafmtida ........................ ... 1 t " Rectified Spirit .................... 20 "

Macerate 24 hours, distil, and add the am­

monia to the product. (4 grains of assafcetida

in 1 drachm).

90 Therapeutics.-Stimulant and antispasmodic.

Useful in colic, &c.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 2 to 4 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4 drachms; dog 10 to 30 minims.

SPIRITUS CAMPHORlE. SpiritofOamphor.

Camphor .............................. 1 oz. Rectified Spirit ... ... ... .. .......... 9 JJ

Dissolve. Therapeutics.-Stimulant, anodyne, and dis­

cutient. U sed chiefly as an external application in sprains, bruises, chronic rheumatism, para­lysis, &c.

SPIRITUS CHLOROFORM!. SpiritofOhlol'o~ form. Ohloric Ethm·.

Chloroform .............. ,. ..• ... ...... 1 oz ..

Rectified Spirit ..................... 19 "

Dissolve. Sp. Gr. 0'871. Therapeutics.-Anodyne, antispasmodic, and

stimulant. Doses.-Horse, 2 to 4 ounces; cattle, 3' to 6

ounces; sheep, t to 1 ounce; dog, 1 to 3 drachms.

SPIRITUS TENUIOR. Proof Spirit.

Rectified Spirit ..................... 5 pts. Distilled Water ..................... S u

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Proof spirit, Sp. Gr. 0'920 j rectified spirit, Sp. Gr. 0'358. When 10 measures of rectified spirit are mixed with 6 of water, the mixture con~ denses in 1St measures.

Use.-In the preparation of tinctures.

STRYCHNIA. St1-ychnia. (021 H22 N02 := 32U.)

An alkaloid obtained from Nux Vomica; solu­ble in 5,760 parts of water, insoluble in ether or spirit.

Therapeutics.-In large doses highly poison­ous; medicinally, stimulant and tonic to motor nerves. It is used chiefly in chronic paralysis such as hemiplegia, paraplegia, chorea, amauro­sis, and paralysis of the muscles of the bladder.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 3 grains; cattle, 1 to 3 grains; sheep, t to 1 grain; dog, 3

10 to T'tr grain.

Given once or twice a day. Antidotes.-Tobacco enemata, choloroform,

indian hemp, animal charcoal, sal. volatile.

SVLPHURIS IODIDUM. Iodide of Sulphur. (S1 = 159.)

Iodine ................................. 4 oz.

Sublimed Sulphur .................. 1 "

Rub together in a dry mortar, transfer to a flask, and liquefy by a gentle heat; allow it tu

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cooland solidify. Soluble in 60parts of glycerine; insoluble in water.

Therapeutics.-Much the same as iodine, never given internally. Externally, in skin diseases, farcy buds, and indolent sores.

SULPHUR SUBLIMATUM. Flowers of Sul­phur. (8 =32.)

Obtained from the crude sulphu/! by sub­limation; chiefly from Sicily and N ~ples. So-

luble in oil and turpentine with heat; in-soluble in water. •

Therapeutics.-In large doses, irritant poison; medicinally, laxative, and alterative. Externally, a cutaneous stimulant in scabies and other skin affections.

Doses.-Laxative: Horse,3 to 5 ounces; cattle, 5 to 8 ounces; sheep, 1 to 2 ounces; dog 2 to 8 drachms. Alt81'ative: Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 2 to 3 ounces; sheep, 4 to 6 drachms; dog, ! to 2 drachms.

SYRUPUS PAPAVERIS. SY1'Up of Poppies.

Poppy Capsules, bruised and freed

from seeds .......................... 36 oz.

Boiling Water ........................ ~~ galls .

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Rectified Spirit ........................ 16 oz. Refined Sugar ........................ 64 "

Macerate the poppy capsules in the water for twelve hours; evaporate aud strain; reduce the strained liquor to 3 pints, and when cool add the spirit, mix and filter; distil off the spirit, evapo­rate the remaining liquor to 2 pints, and then add the sugar. Sp. G1'. 1'320. Product 104 oz. weight, or 78£ oz. measure.

Therapeutics.-Sedative} anodyne} and hyp­notic.

Dase.-Dog, ,2 to 5 drachms.

SYRUPUS RHAMNI. Syrup of B~tckthorn . . Buckthorn Juice ..... ............. 4 pts.

Pimento, bruised .................. £ oz.

Ginger, sliced ........................ ! " Rectified Spirit .................... 6 "

Refined Sugar ............. .... ... 5 lbs.

Set aside the juice for 8 days, that the dregs may subside, and strain. To a pint of the strained juice add the ginger and pimento, then macerate with a gentle heat fal' 4 hours, and strain; boil down the rest af the juice to a pint and a half. Mix the liquors, and dissolve the sugar in them;

lastly, m~ ill the spirit. Sp. Gr. 1'320.

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'Therapeutics.-A carthartio ror the dog. Dose.-Dog 1 to 4 drachms.

TINCTURA ACONITI. Tincture of Aconite.

Aconite Root, in powder ......... 2~ oz.

Rectified Spirit .................. '" 20 JJ

Macerate 48 hours, then percolate. (1 grain of aconite in 9 minims) ! the strength of the Dublin, and t the strength of the London Phar­macopceias ; t the strength of Fleming's tincture.

Therapeutics.-Sedative. An active poison, possessinginaconcentrated degree the prope:tties of tbe other iDl'ms. .F..:denmJJy, 2n 2nDiJyne.

Doses.-Horses, 30 to 60 minims; cattle, 40 to 80 minims; sheep, 10 to 15 minims; dog, 3 to 10 minims.

Antidotes.-Emetic to the dog; internal and external stimulants.

TINCTURA ALOES COMPOSITA. ,Com-pound Tincture of Aloes.

Barbadoes Aloes, in powder 20 drms. Myrrh ........................... 10 "

Rectified Spirit... .•. ... ......... 28 oz. Water ........................... 12 "

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Macerate for 14 days, then percolate. Therapeutics. -Externally, excitant to woundS',.

ulcers, and excoriated surfaces'.

TINCTURA ARNIClE. Tincture oj Arnica ..

Arnica Root, in coarse powder... 1 oz. Rectified Spirit ............. " .... ..

Macerate 48 hours,. then percolate. in 1 drachm.)

20 " (2;i grains

Therapeutic&.-An irritant, stimulant, and alterative. Given in rheumatism, secondary stages of pleurisy, de-bility, purpum, &c. Exter­nally, stimulant to muscular sprains,. bruises, local inflammations.

Doses.-Horse, 30 to 60 minims; cattle,l to 2 drachms; dog 5 to}O minims.

TINCTURA ASSAF<ETIDlE. TinctUre oj i1ssafcedita.

Assafcetida, in small pieces ...... 2'i oz. Rectified Spirit..................... 20 oz.

Macerate 7 days, then filter. (7 grains of assa­£cetid~ in 1 drachm.)

Therapeutics.-Same as Gum Assafcetida.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 2 to 4-ounces; sheep, ! to 1 ounce;. dog, 20 to 4()' minims.

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TINCTURA AZADIRACHTlFJ. Tincture oj lVim Bark.

. Nim Bark, inner layer; bruised.. 2~ oz. Proof Spirit ........................ 20 "

Macerate in a closed vessel for 7 days, strain; press, and filter, add sufficient spirit to make 1 pint. Therapeutics.-Sameas Decoctum Azadirachtre. Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 1 to 4

ounces; sheep, 2 to 6 drachms.

TINCTURA CANNABIS INDIClE. Tinc­ture of Indian Hemp.

Extract of Indian Hemp ....... " 1 oz. Rectified Spirit ..................... 20 "

Dissolve the extract in the spirit. (1 grain or the extract in 22 minims.)

Therapeutics.-Same as Extractum Cannabis Indicre.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle,2 to 4 ounces; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms; dog 2 to 5 minims.

Antidotes,-Stimulants to control its violent action.

TINCTURA CANTHARIDIS. Tincf,nrc of Cantharides.

Cantharides, in powder ............ ! oz . . Proof Spirit ........................... 20"

Macerate 7 days, strain, press, and. filter. (1 grain or cantharides in 88 minims.)

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Therapeutics.-Tonic and stimulant. Doses.-Horse 1 to 4 ounces; cattle, 3 to 6

ounces; sheep, ~ to 1 ounce; dog, 1 to 3 drachms

Antidotes.-Emetics when practicable, demul­cent drinks, opiates per mouth and rectum.

TINCTURA CANTHARIDIS FORTIOR. Strong Tincture of Cantharides.

Cantharides, in powder ......... ... 1 oz. Proof spirit ........................... 20 "

"1facerate 7 days, strain, press, and filter.

Therapeutics.-Externally, a stimulant and rubefacient.

TINOTURA OARDAMOMI OOMPOSITA. Compound Tincture of Cardamoms.

Cardamom Seeds, freed from the pericarps, and bruised ......... :.. 14 oz.

Caraway Fruit, bruised ............ 12 " Cinnamon Bark, bruised ..... J...... 2 " Proof Spirit ........................ ; .. 20 "

Ma'cerate 48 hours, then percolate.

Therapeutics.-Carminative and antispasmo­dic.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 4 to 100uncesj sheep 1 to 2 ounces; dog, 2 to 6 drachms.

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TINCTURA CHIRATlE. Tincttcre of Ohir­etta.

Chiretta, cut small, bruised ...... 2~ oz. Proof Spirit ........................ 20 "

:fitIacerate 48 hours, then percolate. (7 grains

of chiretta in 1 drachm.)

Therapeutics.-Powerful bitter tonic. Doses.-Horse, 2 to 4 ounces; cattle, 4 to tj

ounces; sheep, 1 to 2 ounces; dog, 2 to 4 drachms.

TINCTURA CHLOROFORMI COMPOSITA. Oompound Tincture of Ohloroform.

Chloroform .......... " . ..... . .. ...... 2 oz. Compo Tinct. of Cardamoms ...... 10 " Rectified Spirit ..................... 8 "

Mix. (1 minim of chloroform in 10 minims.)

Therapeutics. } Similar to Spiritus Chloro-Doses.

formi.

TINCTURA CINCHONlE FLAVlE. 1_Jincttwe of Yellow Oinchona.

Yellow Cinchona, in fine powder.. 4 oz. Proof Spirit ........................... 20 'Jj

Macerate 48. hours, then percolate. (11 grains of bark in 1 drachm.)

Therapeutics.-Same as Cinchonre Flavffi. Doses.-Horse, 1 to 3 ounces; cattle, 3 to 6

ounces.; sheep, ~ to 1 ounce; dog, 2 to 5 drachms.

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TINCTURA COLCRIC! SEMINIS. Tincture of Colchicum Seeds.

Colchicum Seeds, bruised ...... 2! oz. Proof Spirit ........................ 20 "

Macerate 48 hours, then percolate. (1 grain

of colchicum seeds in 9 minims.)

Therapeutics.-Internally sedative. Exter­nally an anodyne.

/ Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep 1 to 4 drachms; dog, 20 to 80 minims.

TINCTURA CONII. Tincture of Hemlock

Hemlock Fruit, bruised ......... 2~ oz. Proof Spirit ........................ 20 "

Macerate 48 hours, then percolate. (1 grain of hemlock fruit in 9 minims.)

Therapeutics.-Alterative and sedative.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to2ounces; sheep, 3 to 6 drachms; dog, 10 to 40 minims.

TINCTURA DIGITALIS. Tinc.ture of Digi­talis.

Digitalis Leaves, in powder ...... 2i oz. Proof Spirit ........................ 20 "

Macerate 48 hours, then percolate. (1 grain

of digitalis in 9 minims.)

Therapeutics.-Same as Digitalis Folia.

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Doses. -Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 drachms ; dog, 4 to 9 minims.

TINCTURA ERGOTlE. Tind~treof E1·YOt. Ergot, in powder .................. 5 oz. Proof Bpirit ....................... ••• 20 "

Macerate 48 hours, then percolate. (1 grain

o~ ergot in 4t minims.)

Therapeutics. - A parturient.

Doses.-Mare,1 to2ounces; cow, 1 to 3 ounces; ewe, 1 t to 3 drachms; bitch, 20 to 60 minims.

TINCTURA FERRI PERCHLORIDI. Tinc­ture of Perchloride of Iron.

Strong Solution of Perchloride of Iron...... ........................... 5 oz.

Rectified Spirit .......... ; .......... 15 "

Mix. Sp. 01'. 0'992.

Incompatibles.-The alkalies; earths; gum; and vegetable astringents.

Therapeutics.-Internally, an astringent and tonic. Useful in farcy, typhoid diseases, distem­per,· and hrematuria. Externally, astringent, styptic. and caustic.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ounces.; sheep, 3 to 6 drachms; dog, 5 to 20 minims.

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TINCTURA rOD I. Tincture of Iodine.

Iodine ... ... ......... ....... . . ...... ... ~ oz. Iodide of Potassium ............... !,' Rectified Spirit ...... ... .. . ...... ... 20 "

Mix. (20 minims contain! grain of iodine 'and

t grain of potas. iod.)

Therapeutics.-Internally, alterative. Ex:ter­

nally, stimulant, caustic, and deobstruent.

Doses.;-Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle, 1 to 3 drachms; sheep, 20 to 60 minims; dog, 5 to 15 mlUlms.

TINCTURA MYRRHlE. Tincture of Myrrn. Myrrh, in powder.................. 2! oz. Rectified Spirit ..................... 20 "

Macerate 48 hours, then percolate. (7 grains of myrrh iVl 1 drachm.)

Therapeutics.-Externally, stimulant, and ex­citant to feetid wounds, ulcers, and for canker in the mouth ..

TINCTURA NUCIS VOMIClE. Tincture of N1Ke .Vomica.

Nux Vomica .......................... 2 oz. Rectified Spirit ... , .................. 20 "

Soften by steam, dry and powder. Macernte 40 hours, then percolate. (1 grain of nux vomica iu 11 minims.

J02

Therapeutics.-Stimulant and tonic. Useful in chorea, paralysis and dyspepsia.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 4 to 8 drachms; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms; dog, 10 to 40 minims.

Antidotes.-Tobacco anemata, chloroform, ani~ mal oharcoal.

TINCTURA OPII. T~rwture oj Opium.

Opium, in coarse powder......... 1 ~ oz. Proof Spirit ........................ 20 "

Macerate 7 days, and filter. (1 grain of opium in 14~ minims.)

Incompatibles.-The alkalies, their carbonates, and most metallic salts.

Therapeutics.-Anodyne, sedative, antispasmo~ dic, and hypnotic.

Doses.-Horsesandcattle,1 to 3 ounces; sheep, 2 to 8 drachms; dog, 10 to 30 minims.

Antidotes.-The stomach pump, and emetics in the dog, stimulants, compelled exertion, artifb cial respiration.

TINCTURA ZINGIBERIS. T~'nctureofGinger. Ginger, in coarse powder......... 2! oz. Recti£ed Spirit .................... 20 JJ

Macerate 48 hours, then percolate. (7 gl'ains of ginger in 1 drachm).

loa Therapeutics.~Carmina.tive and stimulant.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 2 to 4 ounces; sheep, 2 to 6 draohms; dog, ! to 2 drachms.

UNGUENTUM ACIDI CARBOLIC!. Oint. ment of Oarbolio Acid.

Carbolic Acid ....................... , 1 oz. Simple Ointment or Lard ......... 8 "

Therapeutics.-Stimulant to £retid ulcers and wounds.

UNGUENTUM ACIDI CARBOLICI COM .. POSITUM. Oompound Oarbolic Acid Ointment.

. Carbolic Acid Ointment ............ 6 oz. Sublimed Sulphur ................. 2 "

Mix. Therapeutics.-A stimulant to skin diseases,

and ulcerations.

UNGUENTUM ACONITI. Ointment of Aco-

nite. Aconitia ..... .. ................ ... 8 grs . . Rectified Spirit ..................... 30 mins. Prepared Lard..................... 1 oz.

Mix.

Therapeutics.-Externally, anodyne in rheu­lnatic and neuralgic affections, painful wounds, and chronic swellings ofa non-inflammatory na,ture.

..

104

UNGUENTUM ALUMINIS' COMPOSI~ TUM. Oompound Ointment of Alum.

Alum, in powder ..................... 2 oz. Spirit Turpentine ..................... 2 " Prepared Lard ................ "...... 6 "

Mix. Therapeutics. -Astringent and digestive. Use­

ful in " grease," &0.

UNGUENTUM ANTIMONII TARTA­RATI. Ointment of Tartarated Antimony.

Tartarated Antimony, in powder. ! oz. Simple Ointment or Lard ......... 1 "

Mix. Therapeutics.-Co~nter~irritant. Useful in

diseases of the che"t) and for joint affections.

UNGUENTUM ARGENT! NITRATIS. Ointment of Nitrate of Silve?·.

Nitrate of Silver ......... " ....... 10 grs. Prepared Lard .............. " ..... 1 oz.

Mix. Therapeutics.-Usefulin the treatment of chro­

nic ophthalmia .

. UNGUENTUM ATROPllE. Ointment of Afropia.

Atropia .............. " . ............. 8 grs. Rectified Spirit .................. 30 mims. Prepared Lard....... ........ ...... 1 oz .

105

Mix. n drachm contains ~ grain of atropia.)

Thera peuties. -An excellent topical application to allay pain, to moderate infiammatoryaction, and for some ophthalmic purposes.

UNGUENTUM BELLADONNlE. Ointment oj Belladonna.

Extract of Belladonna... ..... . ...... 80 grs. Prepared Lard ........ , .. .... ......... 1 oz.

Mix. Rub down the extract with a few drops of water, before mixing with lard.

Therapeuties.-A topical application for rheu­matic, and other painful affections.

UNGUENTUM CALOIS CHLORATlE. Ointment of Ohlorinated Lime.

Chlorinated Lime .................. 1 oz. Prepared Lard ...................... 6 )J

Mix. Therapeuties.-Valuable for" grease" and si­

milar diseases.

UNGUENTUM CANTHARIDIS. Ointment of Oantharide8 .

.cantharides ........................... 1 oz. Yellow Wax ........................... 1 )J

·Olive Oil .............................. 6 " Infuse the cantharides in the oil, in a covered

vessel for 12 hours) then place the vessel in boil­ing water for 15 minutes) strain through muslin

106

with strong pressure, add the product to the wax: previously melted, and stir constantly while it cools.

Therapeutics.-An irritant dressing for blis­ters, &c.

UNGUENTUM CREASOTI. Ointment of C1·easoll3.

Oreasote ............................. 1 dr. I)imple Ointment or Lard ......... 1 oz.

Mix.

Therapeutics.-Same as Uug. Acidi Carbolici.

UNGUENTUM CUPRI SUBACETATIS. Ointment of Sub acetate of Coppm·.

Subacetate of Copper, in powder 4 drs. Turpentine ........................... 4 " Prepared Lard ..................... 6 oz.

Melt the turpentine and lard together in a water-bath,and then add thesubacetate of copper.

Therapeuticf'.-Detergent. Useful in footid wounds and ulcers.

UNGUENTUM GALLlE. Ointment of Galls.

Galls, in powder .................. 80 grs. prepared Lard............ ........ 1 oz.

Mix. Therapeutics.-An astringent to ulcers.

107

UNGUENTUM GALLlE CUM OPII. Ointment of Gall8 with Opium.

Ointment or Galls .......... ,. ... .. 1 oz. Opium, in powder ................... ,. 32 grs.

Mix. Therapeutics.-An astringent and anodyne to

painful ulcers.

UNGUENTUM HELLEBORI NIGRI. Oint-ment of Black Hellebore.

Black Hellebore Leaves, bruised .. 2 oz. Common Turpentine ............... 2 " Prepared Lard........................ 2 "

Melt lih~ turpentine and lard together, t}18n add the hellebore leaves and digest for an hour j Ibtrain.

Therapeutics.-Digestive to wounds of cattle.

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI. J.llerwfial Ointment. Blue Ointrnent.

llfercury .............................. 16 oz. Prepared Suet ..................... 1" frepared Lard ..................... 16 "

Rub them together until metallic globules cease to be visible, when a portion is rubbed on paper.

Therapeutics.-A local remedy in eniargement of joints, tumours, indolent sores and ulcers, skin diseases, and enlarged glands.

108

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI AMMO­NIATI. Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury.

Ammoniated Mercury. .. . . . . . . . .. 62 grs. Simple Ointment, or Lard...... 1 oz.

Mix. Therapeutics.-To destroy acari, &c.

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI COMPO SITUM. Compound Ointment of Mercury.

Ointment of Mercury ........ ...... 6 oz. Yellow V.,r ax .......................... 3 " Olive oil .............................. 3 " Camphor .............................. It "

Melt the wax with a gentle heat, add the oil} then, when nearly cold, add the camphor ir. powder.

Mix. Therapeutics.-8ame a~ Unguentum Hydrar-

gyri. .'

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI IODIDI RUBRI. Ointment of Red Iodide of Merctl'ry Blistering Ointrnent.

Red Iodide of Mercury, in powder 16 grs. Prepared Lard........................ 1 qz.

Mix. Therapeutics.-8timulant, detergent, and caus­

tic. Useful in indolent sores and ulcers, obstinate skin diseases, curbs, splints, spayins, ringbones, and enlarged bursre.

109

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS. Ointment of Nitrate of Me1·cury.

Mercury, by weight ............... 4 oz. Nitric Acid (Sp. Gr. 1'42) ...... 12 " Olive,Oil .............................. 32 " Prepared Lard ..................... 15 "

Dissolve the mercury in the acid by means of a gentle heat; heat the lard and oil in a porcelain vessel, capable of holding 6 times the quantity, to 180°, by means of a water-bath; add the solution of mercury, also hot, and mix them thoroughly. If the mixture does not froth up, increase the heat till this occurs.

Therapeutics.-A very useful stimulant ap­plication in chronic skin diseases, to foul, indo­lent, and phagedenic ulcerations; to ophthalmia. and other affections of the eyelids.

UNGUENTUlVI HYDRARGYRI PERCHLO-

RIDI. Ointment of PerchlO1'ide of Mercury. ,

Perchloride of Mercury ............ 1 oz. Prepared Lard ....................... 2 "

Mix. Therapeutics.-Useful for the removal of bony

tumours. One part of this unguent with two parts of lard, constitutes Professor Varnell's mix­ture for caustic clams.

10

110

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI SUBCHLO­RIDI. Ointment of Subchloride of Mercury.

Subchloride of Mercury ......... 80 grs. Prepared Lard ..... ....... ... ... ... 1 oz.

:NIix. Therapeutics.-A useful application in many

skin diseases.

UNGUETUM IODI. Ointment of Iodine. Iodine ............................. 32 grs. Iodide of Potassiulll ............ 32 JJ

Proof Spirit ........ ... ............ 1 dr. Prepared Lard..................... 2 oz.

Mix. Therapeutics.-Stimulant and resolvent. Em­

ployed as an application in bronchocele, tumours, &c.

UNGUENTUM MYLABRIDIS. Ointment oj Mylabris.

Mylahris, in powder ... : ........... 2 drs. Prepared Lard ..................... 8 oz.

Digest the lard and mylabris for three hours over a vapour-bath; while hot, filter throngh blotting paper, and allow the liquid to cool.

Therapeutics.-Same as Unguentum Cant'har­idis.

UNGUENTUM PleIS LIQUIDlE. Ointment of Tar.

'rar ................................... [) oz. Yellow Wax ........................... 2 "

III

Mix. Therapeutics.-A useful ointment for foot-rot

in sheep, and, other animals.

UNGUENTUM PLUMBI ACETATIS. Oir~t­ment of Acetate of Lead.

Acetate of Lead .................. 12 grs. Prepared Lard..................... 1 oz.

Mix. Therapeutics.-A useful application to skin

diseases characte~ized by irritation.

UNGUENTUM PLUMB I SUBACETATIS COMPOSITUM. Compound Ointment of Suba<:e­tate of Lead.

Solution of Subacetate of Lead. 6 oz. Campn.o-r .............................. 1 d-rm. White Wax ........................ 8 oz. Olive Oil. ............................. 20 "

Mix. Therapeutics.-A cooling application to infla­

med, and erysipelatous surfaces, inflamed glanoS, painful bruises, and sprains.

UNGUENTUM POTASSlE SULPHURATlE. Oint'ment of Sulphurated Potash.

Sulphurated Potash ... : ........... 30 grs. Prepared Lard..................... 1 oz.

Mix. (This ointment when used should be recently prepared).

'l

112

TMrapeutics.-U seful lU scabies and obsti­nate skin diseases.

UNGUENTUM POTASSII IODID!. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium.

Iodide of Potassium ............ 64 grs. Carbonate of Potash ............ 4 J>

Prepared Lard..................... 1 oz. Distilled Water .................. 1 dr.

Mix. Therapeutics.-Valuable in many forms of skin

disease, and obstinate ulceration.

UNGUENTUM RESINlE. Ointment of Resin. Digestive Ointment.

Resin ............ .................... 8 oz. Yellow Wax ." ...... ...... ......... 4" Simple Ointment or Lard ......... 16 "

:Mix with a gentle heat, strain, and stir while ·cooling.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant to indolent and ill­conditioned ulcers, especially burns, blistered sur­faces, &c.

UNGUENTUM SABINlE. Ointment of Savin. Fresh Savin 'raps, bruised ...... 8 oz. Yellow Wax ........................ 3)J Prepared Lard ..................... 16 "

Melt the lard and wax together on a water-

113

bath, add the savin, digest for 20 minutes, and strain through linen.

Therapeutics.-Irritant; employed for dress­ing blistered surfaces, and setons ; also for the re­moval of warts.

UNGUENTUM SIMPLEX. Simple Ointment.

White Wax ....•................... 2 oz. Almond Oil ............. "......... 3" Prepared Lard ... ................. 3"

Melt with a gentle heat, stir constantly while it cools.

Therapeutics.-A m.eIul application to ulcers; also as the basis of several ointments. Ointment.

UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS COMPOSI-TUM. Oompmmd Ointment of Sulphur. Sheep

Sublimed Sulphur ................. 16 oz. Common Turpentine............... 4 )J

Mercurial Ointment .................. 2 " Linseed Oil ........................... 20"

M~lt the turpentine and oil together over a water-bath; when nearly cold, stir in the sulphur and afterwards add. the mercurial ointment.

Therapeutics."-rV 3luable for scabies in sheep, where it is supposed to act as a poison to the insect existing in the pustules; also useful in psoriasis.

114

UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS IODIDI. Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur.

Iodide of Sulphur ............... 1 drm. Prepal'ed Lard .................. 2 oz.

Mix.

Therapeutics.-A useful ointment in obstinate skin diseases, such as mange, urticaria, herpes, and psoriasis.

UNGUENTUM TEREBINTHINlE. Oint. ment of Turpentine. Digestive Ointment.

Oil or Turpentine .................. 1 oz. Resin, in coarse powder ......... 1 drm. Yellow WaJe .............. ......... 4 " Prepared Lard ..................... 4 ))

Melt together over a water-bath.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant to wounds, &0.

UNGUENTUM: VERATRI. Ointment of White Hellebore.

White Hellebore Root, dried and po,vdered ......... , .. .. . ...... ... t oz.

Pr~pared Lard ..................... 2 )J

Mix.

Therapeutics .. - Applied as a charging su b­stance for setons, and to the skin as a parasiticide.

115

UNGUENTUM ZINC!. Ointment of Zinc. Oxide of Zinc, in fine powder ... 8 grs. Prepared Lard ..................... 1 oz.

Mix. Therapeutics. - All excellent healing ointment

for simple sores.

VAPOR CHLORI. Ohlorine Gas. Ohlorinated Lime ..................... 2 oz. Oold 'tVater, to moisten ............ q. s.

Put the powder in a suitable apparatus, moisten with water, and let the vapour that arises be ·nhaled.

Therapeutics.-Sometimes used in glanders, fa y and similar diseases; it first increases, but nlti ately diminishes, the discharge from the nasa chambers. As an antiseptic, it possess~.

es, in a high degree, the power of annihilating fcetid e uvia, and arresting animal decay, a pro. perty d ending on its power of decomposing the noxio s gases generated, and given off during the pr,ocess of decomposition. It is also useful for disinfecting stables and other buildings.

Antidotes.-Ammonia, ether, alcohol, albumin­ous. liquids, and hot water.

ZINCI ACETATIS. Acetate of Zinc. (Zn(02R", O~h 2H20 = 219.)

116

Prepared by dissolving carbonate of zinc in ace~ tic acid, evaporating and crystallizing. Soluble in 2i parts of water.

Incompatibles.-The alkalies and their carbo­nates.

Therapeutics.-An excellent stimulant and astringent for external nse. Employed as a dress­ing to wounds; also to allay local and super­ficial inflammation, &c.

Antidotes. r Emetics and warm demulcent drinks.

ZINCI CARBONAS. Oarbonate of Zinc.

(Zn003 (ZnOh 3H20 = 341.) Prepared by precipitating a solution of sul­

phate of zinc with carbonate of soda, washing and drying the precipitate. Insoluble in water.

" Therapeutics.-Astringent. Used externally for drying excoriated surfaces, and profuse dis­charges of chronic cutaneous diseases.

ZINCI CHLORIDUM. Ohloride of Zinc .• But­ter of Zinc. (Zn 012 = 136.) . Is prepared by' dissolving zinc, the oxide of zinc, 0:t:_ the carbonate of zinc, in hydrochloric acid. The metal combines with the chlorine, and hydrogen is evolved. Soluble in 4 parts of water; freely in spirit.

117

Therapeutics.-A powerful caustic and deo­dorizer. Useful in foot-rot in sheep, canker, quittor, fistulm, fmtid wounds, and ulcers j a:lso to keep down luxuriant granulations. Sometimes used as a "wash" for killing ticks, and prevent­ing the attacks of fly on sheep.

Antidote.-Warm demulcent drinks.

ZINCIOXIDUM. Oxide of Zinc. (ZnO = 81.)

Made by heating the carhonaite of zinc in a loosely covered crucible, exposed to a dull red heat, until it no longer effervesces with dilute sulphuric acid. Insoluble in water.

Incompatibles.-Acids and acidulous salts. Therapeutics.-Externally, astringent. Used

'for healing excoriations, superficial ulcers; also hm'pic and other skin diseases.

ZINCI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Zinc. (ZnS04.

7 H 20 = 287.) Prepared by dissolving zinc in dilute sulphuric

acid, . filtering and mixing with a solution of chlorine, and subsequently adding carbonate of zinc, as directed in the making of the chloride j evaporating and crystallizing.

Incompatibles.-Alkalies and their carbonates j lime water j astringent vegetable infusions.

118

Therapeutics.-In large doses irritant poison; medicinally, a tonic, astringent, emetic, antispas­modic. Useful in chorea, intermittent fever, chronic dysentery, and diarrhooa. Externally, astringent, escharotic, and desiccant. Is applied to wounds, sinuses, quittor, and as a collyriml' in various forms of ophthalmia, &c.

Doses.-Hors8;.1 to 2 drachms; cattle,2 to 3 drachms; sheep, 20 to 30 grains; dog, 2 to 5 grains. Emetic. Dog, 8 to 15 grains.

Antidotes.-Warm demulcent drinks.

ZINCUM. Zinc. (Zn = 65.)

A bluish-white metal, laminated, and with a crystalline fracture; occurs native as sulphu"et, or carbonate. Sp. Gr. 7'1, fuses at 773°.

119

PART II.

MATERIA MEDICA AND

THERAPEUTICS. (The non-officinal habitats are disting!Lished by

Italics.)

ACACIA. Gum Acacia. Gum Arabic.

Botanical name.-Species undetermined. Naturalorder.-Leguminosffi. Habitat.-Cordofan, in E. Africa, imported

from Alexandria, also Ambia, Senegal, Barbary, and the Cape.

Parts used.-The gum. Soluble 1 in 1 of water; insoluble in alcohol, ether, and oils.

Therapeutics.-Demulcent and emollient, to allay irritation of the digestive tract, whet.her caused by poison or disease; also as an injection in inflammatory diseases of kidneys and bladder.

Dose.-Ad libitum.

ACONITUM. Aconite or Monkshood.

Botanical name.-Aconitum Napellus. Natural order.-Ranunculaceffi. Habitat.-Mountains of Central Europe, and

Asia, extending to N ol~thern I:u.dia.

120

Parts used -The fresh leaves, and flowering heads, gathered when about one-third of the flowers are expanded; and the dried roots gather­ed in winter or early spriJ)-6. '

Therapeutics.-Large doses a cerebra-spinal poison j medicinally, anodyne and sedative to the heart's action. Some authors strongly recom­mend this drug as a substitute for depletory mea­sures, in the treatment of acute inflammations. Externally, to allay pain in rheumatic and neu­ralgic affections.

Doses.-See Extract, Tincture, &c.

Antidotes.-Emetics, when practicable; in ter­nal and external stimulants.

ACORUS. Sweet Flag.

Botanical name.-Acorus Calamus. Natural order.-Aroidere. Habitat.-India, and elsewhere. Parts used.-The rhizome.

Therapeutics.-Stomachic and tonic. Service-able in intermittent fevers, rheumatism, flatulence, and debility. It has also been recommended in diarrhrea and dysentery. Dr. CE. Ross speaks of it as an excellent insectifuge and insecticide, especially for fleas.

Doses.-Horse, 4 to 8 drachms; cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep 30 to 80 grains.

121

ALOE BARBADENSIS. Barbadoes Aloes. Botanical name.-Aloe Vulgaris.

Natural order.-Liliacere.

Habitat.-Barbadoes, East Indies, Northern Africa, a,nd Southern Europe.

Parts used.-The inspissated juice of the lea£.

Therapeutics.-Purgative and emmenagogue in large, tonic and stomachic in small doses. Ex. terualIy, traumatic. The pulp of the leaves (after removing the skin) is frequeutly used in India as a poultice to boils.

Doses.-Purgative: Horse, 2 to 6 drachms; cat· tIe,l to 2 ounces; sheep, ~ to 1 ounce j dog, 20 to 80 grains.

ALOE CAPENSIS. Cape Aloes. Botanical name.-Aloe Spicata, and other spe·

Cles. Naturalorder.-Liliacere.

Habitat. -Cape of Good Hop,e.·

Parts used.-The inspiRsated juice of the lea£.

Therapeutics.} The same as Aloe Rarbadensis, Doses. but much inferior in quality.

ALOE SOCOTRINA. Socotrine Aloes. Botanical name.-Aloe Socotrina, and other

allied species. 11

II

122

Naturalorder.-Liliace:n. Habitat.-Socotra, imported from Bombay,

Melinda in East Africa.

Parts used.-The inspissated juice of the leaf.

Therapeutics. } The same as Aloe Barba-Doses. densis.

Note.-A. Barbadensis and A. &cotrina are soluble in wat<ar 50 p.c. ; almost entirely in· proof spirit, and during solution ex.hibit under the microscope, numerous minute crystals. They both yield an active purgative principle, Aloin {C17II1 .O,); also .Aloetic Acid. When aloes is acted upon by nitric acid, Polychromic, Chrysammic, and Chr1lsolepic Acids are formed.

ALLIUM. Garlic. Botanical name.-Allium Sativa.

Naturalorder.-Liliacere.

Habitat.-England, Sicily, &c.

Parts use d.-The bulb.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant, antispasmodic, and (limetic. U se£ul ill curonic cough, and asthmatic affections. Given either in the form of a bolus, or boiled in milk.

Doses.-H O1"se, t to 1 ounce; cattle, 1 to 2ounces.

AMMONIACUM. Gum Ammoniac1l'Yn.

Botanical name.-Dorema .A.mllloniacum.

123

Naturalorder.-Umbelliferre. Habitat.-Province of Irak in Persia, and

Hamsean in the Punjab.

Parts used.-'1'he gum-resinous exudg,tion from the stem. Solubility: sparingly in water, ~O grains in 2 oz., in rectified spirit, 40 goains are dissolved, but with ppoof spirit only 20.

Therapeutics.-A stimulant and antispasmo­dic in coughs. Useful in chorea, epilepsy, &0;

occasionally as a "f"ermi£uge. Externally) applied to indolent and chronic enlarged joints.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, i! to I! drachms; dog, 10 to 20 grains.

AMYLUM. Starch.

Obtained from.-Triticum Vulgare.

Naturalorder.-Graminere. Habitat.-Cultivated in all temperate parts of

the globe.

P?-rts used.-The starch £romthe seed.

Theraueutics.-Internally, emollient and de­mulcent, as grllel. Externally, applied dry to wounds; mixed with one-eighth its weight of Alum, stops the flow of synovia from open joints.

Dose.---:.Ad lib£tum.

124

ANETHUM. Dill. Botanical name.-Anethum Graveolens. Natural order.-U mbelliferre. Habitat.-England, middle and south of Eu-

rope; cultivated in India. Parts used.-'l'he fruit. Therapeutics.-Carminative and stimulant.

Given in flatulent colic, ~nd spa!';modic affections of the bowels.

Doses.-Horses,2 to 4 drachms; cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms; dog, 10 to 30 grains.

ANISUM. Anise. Aniseed. Botanical name.-Pimpinella Anisum. Naturalorder.-Umbelliferro. Habitat.-Scio, Egypt, Asia; cultivated 1D

Malta, Spain, ami Germany. Parts used.-The fruit, and the oil distilled.

Therapeutics.-Stomachic, carminative, and aromatic. Given in indigestion, and also to lessen the griping effects of cathartics.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4 drachms.

ANISATUM (ILLICIUM.) Star Anise. Botanical name.-Illicium Anisatulll.

125

Natural order.-Magnoliaccre. Habitat.-China, .Japan and Tal·tary. Parts used.~The oil distilled from the fruit in

Ohina. Therapeutics.-Stomachic and carminative. Doses.-Horse ~ to 1 ounce; cattle, 1 to 2 Dun·

ces ; sheep, 2 to 4 drachms ; dog, 20 to 40 grains.

ANTHEMIS. Chamomile. Botanical name.-Anthemis Nobilis. Naturalorder.-Oompositre. Habitat.-England, and all thE' milder parts of

Europe. Parts llsed.-The dried single and doubljl flow ~

ers. Blooms from Jupe to September. Therapeutics.-Carmip,ative, stomachic anll

tonic. Given in indigestion, and during conval­escence after inflammatory attacks.

Doses. - Horses, 2 to 4 drachms; cattle 1 to 2 bunces; sheep, 20 to 60 grains; dog, 2 to 10 grains.

ARMORACIA. Horseradish. Botanical name.-Cochlearia Armoracia. Naturalorder.-Cruciferre. Ibbitat.-England. Cultivated in all parts...o£

Europe and North America..

126

Parts used.-..,The fresh root. Therapeutics.-Stimulant, diuretio, and sudo.

:ri6c. U sefulindropsical affections, chronic rheu~ matism, &c.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ounces of thB 'fresh root, scraped and m,ix;ed, with barley meal.

ARNICA.. Arnica.

Botanical nam.e.~A.rnica M;ontan~.

Natural Qrd,er.-Com,positffi. Habitat.-Meadows of. the co.oler parts of Eu~

rope, North America, and Asia,

Parts u,sed, . .J.,The dl'ied root, and the flowers. Contains a hitter resinous principle, Arnicin; a yellowish v01atile oil (Ca E:9 0), and T1'im,ethyla~ mine have also been obtained from it.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant, and irritant; exter. nally, sedative. A common application for sprains' and bruises, and for the discussion of tumours~

but its virtues are very questionable. nOses.-See Tinctura ArniCffi. Antidotes.-O~ium aJl,d Morphia.

ASSAF(ElTIDA. 4ssafrotida. Botanical name. -Narthex Assa£cetida, N~tu.ral Qrd~r.-Umbellifer~.

127

Habitat.~Afghanistan, Punjab and Persia.: exported from Bombay and the Persian Gulf.

Parts l\sed.-Th~ gum-resin, which is obtained by incision from the living root. COl1tains a Voh1~ tile oil consisting of Sulphide o.f Allyl, gum, and !1 resin yie1diI\g Per-ulaic Acid.

Therapau.tics.-A powerful antispasmodic, and stimulal1t to the nervous system; also anthelmill": tic. U seiul ill coughs, colic, tympanitis, and W!tS

recommended by the late Mr. Worms for tl18 Cattle Plague. Fre<lueQtly given to dogs suffer. iug from chowa. As a vermifuge is especially indicated il1 cases of l'4m,l;,rici. Ga,rrod attributes its va,lue to the contained sulphur oil.

Doses.-8ee AmmoQiaQum .

.A. VENA. Gata.

Botanical p,~;me.-Avena Sativa. Natural order.-Gl'~mineffi. , Habitat.-England, al1d elsewhere .i oultivated

iu India.

Parts used.-The dried grain.

'l'herapeutics.-Nutrient and demuioent.

Doses.-A,s gruel (1 in 2Q) ad l'ibitum.

,AZADIRACHTA. Nim. Neem. Jlal'gosa. Botanical name.-Azadimchta IndiG&. Natur~l ordert-Meliace~.

128

lfabitat.~India. Cultivated in gardens.

Parts used.~rl'he leaves and bark. Contains a cryst[Lllizable principII' (Margosine) , and an astringent principle (Catechin).

Therapeutics.-Bark, astringent, tonic, and. antiperiodic. Leaves, stimulant. Useful in in­termittent and other fevers, debility, and conya. lescenc~ after most diseases. The leaves torm a useful local application to ulcers, and obstinate skin diseases.

Doses.-Bark. Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 1 to 3 ounces; sheep 2 to 4 drachIlls.

BALSAMUM PERUVIANUlVI. Balsam of fel'lL.

Botanical name.-Myroxylon Pareira.

Natural Qrder.~ Legllminos$.

Habitat.-Sonsonate coast 9f San Salvador, in Central Al)1erica. Exported from Acajutta, Lima, Honduras, Belise, and Valparaiso.

Parts used.-The balsam obtained by inoision horn the stem. Soluble in 5 parts of rectified filpirit; not diminished in volume whfln tni:4ed with water.

Therapeutics,-Stimulant and antispasmodio. Serviceaple in coughs, bronchitis, and discharges from mUCOllS membr.al~es. E~terrlally, for ohro.

129 , nic indolent sores. U sed in the preparation of 'Tinct: Benzoim' Oomposita. (Friar's Balsam).

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 drachms.

BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. Balsam of Tolll. Botanical name.-Myroxylon Toluifera. Natural order.- Leguminosre.

Habitat.-Mountains of Tolu, Turbaco, &c. Exported from Oarthagena, Santa Martha, and Savanilla; generally via New York and Jamaica.

Parts used.-The balsam obtained by incision from the stem. Entirely dissolved by alcohol, and the volatile oils.

'Iherapeutics.-Stimulant and expectorant III

old, and chronic coughs and catarrhs.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 drachms.

BAMBUSA. Bamboo.

Botanical name.-Bambusa Arundinacea.

Naturalorder.-Graminere. Habitat.-India, and elsewhere.

Parts used.-The stem.

Uses.-As splints when other surgical appli­ances are not at hand.

130

BDELLIUM. Bdellium Resin. Botanical name.-·-Balsamodendron .MukuJ, or

B. Pubescens.

Naturalorder.-Burseracere.

Habitat.-Scinde, India.

Parts used.-'fhe gum-resin.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant, and tonic. Useful in chronic cough, and debility. Externally, an excitant and deodorizer to indolent and ill-con­ditioned wounds and ulcers, might be of service combined with sulphur, borax, and catechu, in the treatment of "bursattee." .

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle, 4 to 8 drachms; sheep, 30 to 60 grains.

BELA. Bael.

Botanical name.-.LEgle Marmelos. ~ ,

Natural order.-Aurantiacere.

Habitat.-::Malabar and Coramandel. Parts used.-:-The dried, half-ripe fruit. It

contains tannic acid, a bitter principle, an essen­tiai oil, and a balsamic pri.':lciple resembling in odour balsam ot Peru.

Therapeutics.-_Astringent, in diarrhcea and dysentery.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; cattle, 2 to 4 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4 drachms.

131

BELLADONNA. Deadly Nights-hade.

Botanical name.-Atropa Belladonna.

Natural order.-Atropacere.

Habitat.-lledges, woods, and most shady parts in Europe and "\Vestern Asia. The root im­ported from Germany.

Parts used..-The fresh and dried leaves, with branches, collected when the fruit has commenc­ed to forlll. The root collected in the cold wea­ther, anu the flowers when in bloom, also the fruit when ripe.

Therapeutics.-In large doses, a narcotic acrid poison; medicinally, an anodyne, sedative, nar­cotic, and antispasmodic. Useful in colic, acute and chronic rheumatism, influenza, bronchitis, sore throat, and cough. Belladonna is given as an antidote in poisoning by opium, calabar bean, or hydrocyanic acid. In whatever doses adminis­tered causes dilatati0n of the pupil.

EKternally, acts as a sedative in painful tu­mours, tender enlarged glands.; in sore throat; garget, and in the form of an injection, for allay­ing irritation of the rectum and ·bladder j also preve~ting spasms of the uterus. "Applied to the female breast, checks the secretion of milk." (Garrod).

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms j sheep, 10 to 20 grains; dog, 2 to 5 grains.

J32 •

Antidotes.-An emetic of sulphate or copper, when practicable; purgatives; after vomition or purgation give opium in sufficient doses to coun­tel'act the effects of the belladonna, vValk the animal about; afIusions of cold water to head and chest; artificial respiration; galvanism; ether; brandy j inhalations of ammonia,

BENZOINUM. Ben~oin, Botanical name.-Styrax Benzoin.

Natural order.-Styracere.

Habitat.-Siam, Sumatra, Borneo, Java. Parts used.-The resinous exudation from the

stem, Solu~i1ity. The tears are wholly soluble in rectified spirit, and in a a.alution of potash.

Therapeutics.-Antispasmodic and stimulant; sE:ldom used internally in veterinary medicine. Externally, an excitant to ~vounds.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle 2 to 4 drachms.

BISTOR TA. Bi8tort 01' Snakeweed.

Botanical name.-Polygonum Bistorta.

Natural order.-Polygonacere.

Habitat.-EngJand. Common in Punjab, Hi-malaya8.

]'33

PartS' used.-The dried root. Therapeutics.-Astringent in mucous dischar­

ges. The root bruised is applied as a poultice to boils, and ophthalmia.

BONDUCELLA. Bonauc.

Botanical name.-Cmsalpinia (Guilandina) B~mducella.

Naturalorder.-Leguminos::e.

Habitat.-Tropical portion of both hemi~­

pheres ..

Parts use d.-The fruit.

Therapeutics.-Tonie and antiperiodic. U SEl­

ful in convalescence after fever, in debility, and diseases requiring tonics.

Doses.-Horse, 2 to 4 drachms; cattle, 4 to 8 drachms j- sheep, 1 to 2 drachms.

CALOTROPIS. 11{ udar.

Botanical name.-Calotropis Gigantea, or O .. Procera.

Naturalorder.-Asclepiadace::e.

Habitat.-India, and the West Indies.

Parts us~d.-The dried bark of the root.

Therapeutlcs.-Diaphoretic, alterative and to-:lie. Useful in diarrhCBa, dysentery, and chronie

12.

13'4

rheumatism. Steel recommends it in skin disea­ses; as a dressing to ulcers, and to allay pain in severe contusions.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 drachma; cattle, 2 to 4 drachms ; sheep, 20 to 60 grains.

CALUMBA. Oalwmbo. Botanical name.-Cocculus Palmatus (Wal­

lich), Menispermum Calumba (Roxb.), and Jate­orhiza Calumba (Miers.)'

Natural order.-Menispermaceffi.

Habitat.-EasternAfric~, Exported via India.

Parts used.-The dried and sliced root.

Therapeutics.-Bitter demulcent tonic, with-out astringency, as it contains no gallic or tannic acid. Useful in general debility, gastric irritabil~ ity, and in the advanced st~,ges of diarrhcea and dysentery.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms.

CAMBOGIA. Gnmboge. , Botanical name.-Garcinia Morella, var, Pe­

dicellata.

Natural order .-Guttiferffi.

Habitat.-Imported from Siam, or indirectly by Penang, Canton, and Singa-pol'e.

135

Parts used.-The gum-resin. Soluble in rec­tified spirit} ammoniated alcohol; in ether to the amount of four-fifths. Contains 75 p. c. of resin, Gambogic Acid} with 52 p.c. of a soluble gum.

Therapeutics. -Large doses irritan t poison; ill medicinal doses} a purgative. An unsafe medi­cine for horses and dogs. It is sometimes given to cattle and sheep for indigestion} and in com­bination with aloes} or magnesia sulphate} in im­paction of the omasum} and like disorders.

Doses.-Horse} 2 to 4 drachms j cattle} 4 to 8 drachms j sheep} 15 to 60 grains.

Antidotes.-Demulcent drinks, and small re­peated doses of opium.

The Indian Gamboge Tree (Garcinia Pictoria) which grows in :lvl.ysore, Canara, and other parts of the Madras Presidency. and the Kokum Butter Tree (Garcinia Purp1ll'ea) found in the Mala.bar Forests, and Cancans, have identical properties with those of the Siam Gamboge, and for which they form. "Un excellent sub~titute.

CAMPHORA. Camph01'_ . i Camphora -Officinarum,

NBottamClal ndame. (Lauracere.) Dryobalanops

a ura or er. C h 'D' ) amp. ~ Ipteracere.

Habitat.-1'he officinal camphor is a product of Japan and China} chiefly from Formosa; bli t that ohtained from Dryo-balanops Oamphora, which is produced both in the liquid and crys-

136

ta1line form, is obtained from Sumatra and Borneo, and is only used by the Chinese.

Parts used.-The concrete volatile oil. Soluble in 1000 parts of water, 1 i of spirit, or equal parts by weight; freely in chloroform, ether, fixed and essential oils, and acetic acid; but not in alkalies.

Carbolic acid, myrrh, .and mag: sulphate, in­crease its solubility in water. Sp. Gr. from 0'986 to 0'996.

Therapeutics.-In large doses narcotic poison j medicinally, stimulant, sedative, and antispasmo­dic. Combined with opium, useful in chronic cough, and is soinetimes given in tympanitis. Externally, itisapplied as a stimulant to stiff and painful parts.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle, 2 to 4 drachms j sheep, 10 to 30 grains; dog, 3 to 10 grains.

CANELLA. Oanella. Botanical name.-Oanella Alba. Naturalorder.-Canellacere. Habitat.-West Indies. Parts used.-The bark.

Therapeutics.-Aromatic stimulruut. Seldom used except in combination. with other d'l"ugs for constitutional debility.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle,2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 10 to -SO grains; dog, 3 to 10 grains.

137

CANNABIS INDICA. Indian Hemp.

Botanical name.-Cannabis Sativa.

Naturalorder.-Cannabinaceffi.

Habitat.-India, Rel'at, and Persia.

Parts used.-The dried flowering heads of the female plant, from which the resin has not been removed; yields about 7 per cent. of alcoholic extract.

Therapeutics.-Primarily, stimulant; secondar­ily, anodyne, sedative, narcotic and antispasmodic. In tetanus, rabies, colic, and nervous affections It acts most beneficially. It has been employed in rheumatism, chronic cough, cardiac derange­ments, anc skin diseases; also with the view of inducing uterine contractions. The tops bruised into a pulp are useful as a poultice to painful tu­mours.

Doses.-See Extractum Cannabis Indicffi.

Antidotes.-Stimulants and vegetable acids.

CANTHARIS. Spanid~ or Blisleriny Fly.

Zoological name.-Cantharis Vesicatoria.

Order. - Coleoptera-Class, Insecta.

Habitat.-Native of Spain and Italy, but now imported in the dried state from Sicily, Russia and Hungary.

138

Parts use d.-The whole insect, which contain~ a crystalline principle, called Oantharidine.

Therapeutics.-Large doses irritant poison; medicinally, stimulant and diuretic. Combined with vegetable tonics is sometimes administered in debility, nasal gIeet, farcy, glanders and other affections. Externally, rubefacient, vesicant, and counter-irritant. Employed as a blister, ancl charging material for see~ms, to promote the granulation of unhealthy wounds, fistulre, and ulcers; it also promotes the growth of hair. Can­tharides is seldom given as a diuretic, as it causes strangury and inflammation of the neck of the bJadder.

Doses.-Horses, 5 to 10 grains; cattle, 10 to 20 grains; sheep, 2 to 8 grains; dog, t to 1 grain.

CAPSICUM. Oapsict(m. Oayenne Pepper.

Botanical name.-Capsicum Fastigiatum.

Natural order.-Solanacere.

Habitat.-Guinea, East and West Indi!'ls, im-ported from Zanzibar.

Parts used.-The dried ripe fruit. It yields its virtue to water, alcohol, ether, fixed and volatile oils.

Therapeutics.-Large doses irritant poison; medicinally, stimulant and carminative. Useful

139

in dyspepsia and diarrhma. Extm.·nally, rubef~1-cient and vesicant. 'rhe bruised fruit in the form of a poultice acts energetically; added to muS­tard it grea,tly increases its activity.

Doses.-Horse, 20 to 60 grains; cattle, 1 to 2 drachms; sheep, 5 to 10 grains; dog, 1 to.) grains.

OARDAMOMUM. Oardamoms-. Botanical name.-Elettaria Oardamomum.

Naturalorder.-Zingiberaceal.

Habitat.-:M:ountains of Malabar Ooast.

Parts used.-The seed freed from their cap­sules. 100 parts of fruit yield 75 of seeds.

Therapeutics, \ '1'\>"~ '<,'t\m~ '6.9, l\.~"''<>Q..m. Doses. ,

CARUM eARU!. Caraway PlalfLL

Botanical name. - Carum Carui.

Naturalorder.-Umbelliferffi.

Habitat.-Meadows and pastures throughout Europe an~ Temperate Asia; abundant at high elevations in the Himalaya.

Parts used.-The dried fruit and the oil distil­led in England.

Therapeutics. l J. The same as Allisum.

Doses.

]40

CARUM AJOWAN. Ajowan Plant.

Botanical name.-Carum (Ptychotis) Ajowah.

Naturalorder.-Umbelliferm.

Habitat.-Tl'opicalAfrioa. Cultivated in India.

Parts used.-The fruit.

Therapeutics. - Antispasmodic, carminative, and stimulant. Is a valuable remedy in flatulent colic, diarrhcea and dysentery.

Doses.-_Horse, 2 to 4 drachms; cattle 4 to 8 drachms; sheep 1 to 2 drachms.

\'

CASCARILLA. Cascarilla. Cascarilla Bark.

Botanical name.-Croton Eleuteria.

N atul'al oruer .-"Euphol'blClocem.

Habitat.-The Bahamas, imported from Nas-sau and N ew York.

Parts used.-The dried bark. Contains a neu­tral bitter principle (Oascarilline), a bitter tannio acid, a volatile oil, anc1 colouring matter.

Therapeutics.-Aromatic stomachic bitter,and

slight astringent. Useful in indigestio~, (diar­rhcea, chronic affection or the intestines, and in convalescence after debility.

Doses.-Horse, 2 to 4 drachms; cattle,2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 3o, to 80 grains; dog, 5 to 2(}

grams.

141

CATECHU ARECA. Betel-nut Oatechu..

Botanical name.-Catechu Areca.

Naturalorder.-Palmm.

Habitat.-East Indies, the Coromandel and .i\1aJabar Coasts.

Parts used.-The extract from the kernel of the J1ut ..

Tberapeutics.-A powerful astringent in diar­Il'hma, dysenterYI'; also a vermifuge for dogs.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 3 drachms; cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, ~ to 1 drachm; .dog, 4 to 20 grains.

;CATECHU NIGRUM. Black Oatechu.

Botanical name.-Catechu Acacia.

Natural order.-Leguminosre.

Habitat.-East Indies, imported from Pegu. }arts used.-The extract from the wood. Solu-

bility in cold.water 88 in lOO; 60 of isinglass in 100, precipitates the whole of the astringent mat­ter. Sp·. Gr. 1'450.

Incompatibles.-Alkalies; metallic salts; ana. gelatine.

Therapeutics.-A powerful astringent in diar­Thma, and dysentery. Youatt recommends it combined with opium and chalk. In India it is

112

sometimes given by the natives, in 2 oz. doses ~or the purpose of taming vicious horses.

Doses.-Horse 1 to 2 drachms; cattle 2 to 4 drachms; dog, 10 to 40 grains.

CATECHU PALLADUM. Pale Oatechu.

Botanical name.-Uncaria Gambir.

Ii at ural order. -Cjnchonace~.

Habitat.-Malay::m Peninsula, and Archipel-ago, imported from Singapore.

Parts used.-The extract from the young shoots and leaves. Contains Oatechu-tannic, or Mimo­.tannic Acid, and Oatechin or Oatechuic Acid. Soluble entirely in boiling water. Of 100 parts only 60 are dissolved by cold water. 20 parts of isinglass pl'ecipitate the whole of the astringent matter. Sp. Gr. 1'390. ~

Incompatibles.-See Catechu Nigrum.

Therapeutics.-A powerful astringent in diar­rhrna, &c. The pale catechu contains only halt the astringent matter of the black eatechll.

Doses.-Same as Catechu Nigrum.

CINCHONA FLAVA. Yellow Oinchona Bark.

Botanical name.-Cinchona Cali say a.

Natural order.-Cinchonacere.

143

Habitat.-Mountain Forests of Bolivia, amI Southern Peru. Cultivated in India.

Parts used.-The bark. 100 parts yield 3 to 3~ of quinia sulphate. Incompatibles.~Ammonia; lime water; metal­

lic salts; gelatine. Therapeutics.-Internally, tonic and astrin­

gent. Administered in intermittent fevers, de­bility, chronic atonic diseases of alimentary canal, dyspepsia, profuse mucous discharges, chronic dial'rhCBa, passive hffimorrhages-, and chorea; in convalescence after acute or lingering diseases, and debility after surgical operations, &c. Exter­nally, astringent and antiseptic in leucorrhffia and fCBtid ulcers.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 30 to 60 grains j dog, 10 to 30 grains.

CINCHONA PALLIDA. Pale Cinchona Bark.

Botanical name.-Cinchona Condaminea. Naturalorder.-Cinchonaceffi. Habitat.-Loxa in Ecuador, cultivated 1ll

India ..

Parts used.-The bark; 100 parts yield 2 ot alkaloids, chiefly quinidia and cinchonia.

Incompatibles.-Same as Cinchona Flava.

TDherapeutics. } The saIDe as Cinchona Flava. oses.

144

CINCHONA RUBRA. Reel Oinchona Bark ..

Botanical name.-Oinchona Succirubra.

Natural order .:-Oinchonacere.

Habitat.-Western slopes of Ohimborazo .. Oultivated in India. Imported from Guayaquil and Lima.

Parts used.-The bark. IOO parts yield about 2 grains of quinia sulphate, and 1 grain of cin­ehona sUlphate.

Incompatibles.-Same as Oinchona Flava.

Therapeutics. } Doses. The sn,me as Oinchona Flavar

CHIRATA. Ohiretta.

Botanical. name.-Ophelia Ohirata.

Natural order.-Gentiauacere.

Habitat.-Northern India (Nepal and the Mo-rungs.)

Parts used.-The entire plant, collected when the fruit begins to form. Oontains a bitt~r resin­ous substance, Ohiratin, and Ophelic A.cid.

Therapeutics.-Bitter tonic like gentian, not incompatible with iron salts. Serviceable in debi-1ity, in convalescence altell exhausting diseases, intermittent fever, &c.

..

145

Doses.-Horse, t to 1 ounce j cattle, 1 to 2 ounces j sheep, 1 to 2 drachms; dog, 5 to 20 grams.

CINN AMOlYfUM. Cinnamon. Botanical name.-Cinnamomum Zeylanicum. Natural order.-Lauraceffi. Habitat.-Ceylon. Cultivated in India, Java,

Cayenne, &c. Parts use d.-The inner bark.

Therapeutics.-Aromatic, stimulant and car­minative. Useful in flatulent colic, and gastric derangements.

Doses.-Horse 1 to 2 drachms j cattle, 2 to 4 drachms ; sheep, 20 to 40 grains.

COCCULUS INDICUS. Levant Nut. Botanical name.-Anamirta Cocculus. Naturalorder.-Menispermaceffi. Habitat.-Malabar Coast, imported from Bom-

bay, Madras, and Cleylon. Parts used.-The dried fruit.

Therapeutics.-Internally, an acrid narcotic poison. Externally, for the destruction of fungi in ringworm ..

Antidotes.-The stomach pump; no chemical antidote known; acetic acid affords relief; and artificial respiration should be used.

13

]46

COLCHICUM. Jfeadow Saffron. Botanical name.-Ookhicum Autumnale .. Naturalorder.-Melanthaceoo. Habitat.-England, Messina, and Oolchis, from

which place it derives its name.

Parts 'used.-'l'he fresh and dried corm, and the ripe Beeds collected abOlit the end of June. Oontains Cevadic Acid and a crystalline principle, Colchicine, starch, gum, and fatty matter.

Therapeutics.-Large doses, irritant )Joison; medicinally, cathartic, diuretic, and sedative. U se£ul in rheumatism, rheumatic influenza, con­stitutional ophthalmia, &c.

"Doses.-Horses and cattle, ~ to 2 drachms; sheep, 5 to 20 grains ;' dog, 2 to 6 grains.

Antidotes.-Emetics, when practicable; de­mulcent drinks alid stimulants.

CONIUM. 'Hemlock. DQtanical name.-Oonium Maculatum. Natural order. - U mbelliferoo. Habitat.-Europe and Temperate Asia.,

Parts used.-'l'he leaves and YOllng shoots. gather:ed from wild plants, when the fruit begins to form, and carefully dried. Contains a non­poisonous volatile oil, together with Conia or Cicutine (Os H l5 N) a volatile liquid alkaloid, combined with Conic A.cid as Conate of Gonia.

147

Therapeutics.-Anodyne, antispasmodic and narcotic. Given in coughs, and affections of the bronchial mucous membrane; also in rheumatism.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, ~ to 1 drachm; Flbeep, 10 to 30 grains; dog, 1 to 4 grains.

CORIANDRUIVI. Ooriander. Botanical name.-Coriandrum Sativum. Naturalorder,-Umbelliferre. Habitat.-Southern Europe. Cultivated III

England and India. Parts used.-The ripe fruit, dried, and the oil

distilled.

Therapeutics.-Aromatic stimulant. U sefuI in colic.

Doses.-Same as Anisum.

CROCUS. Saffron. Botanical name.-Crocus Sativus. Naturalorder.-Iridacere. Habitat.-Asia Minor. Cultivated in Southern

Europe, and Kashmir. Parts used.-The dried sti.gmas and styles (1

grail!. contains the stigmas and styles of nine flowers). Flowers in August, September, and October.

Therapeutics.-As a colouring, and flavouring agent. In India it is used as a tonic, and cor­dial by Natives.

148

CURCUMA. Tu?·meric. Botanical name.-Ourcuma Longa. NaturalOrder.-Zingiberacere. Habitat. -Ohina, Oochin Ohina, Java and

India. Parts used.-'l'he rhizome, or root stock. Therapeutics.- Stimulant, carmina,tiye. Used

as an inhalation in catarrh, and as a decoction in ophthalmia. It is applied to wounds and bruises by Natives in India. Useful as a test for alkalies.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms.

CUSSO. Kousso.

Botanical name.-Brayem Anthelmint.ica. Naturalorder.--Rosaceffi. Habitat .. -N orth-~a~tern Abyssinia.

Parts used.-The flowers -and tops gathered before the seeds are quite ripe.

Therapeutics.-Anthelmintic for tamia 80lium and bothriocephalus latus; administered in the form of an infusion.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 10 to 20 oun'Qes; dog', 2. to 6 drachms.

CROTON. Groton.

Botanical name. -- Oroton Tiglium. Natural order. - Euphorbiacere.

1.49

Habitat.-Ceylo,n, India, and the Archipelago Parts used.-The seeds. Contains a volatile

oily acid, Orotonic Acid (not active), and a fixed oil. Soluble in ether and volatile oils.

Therapeutics. - Large doses irritant poison; medicinally a cathartic.

Doses.-Horse, 30 to 40 grains; cattle, 40 to 80 grains; sheep, 1) to 20 grains; dog, 3 to 10 grains (1 seed weigh,~ a grain.)

CYMINUM. 01£rnin. Botanical name.-Cuminum Cymi~um. Naturalorder.-Umbelliferre. Habitat.-Sicily and Malta. Parts used.-The fruit and oil.

Therapeutics.-Oarminative stimulant.

Doses.-Horses 3 to 4 drachms; cattle, 4 to I:) drachms; sheep, ~ to 1 drachm.

CYDONIUM. Quince. Botanical name.-Cydonium Vulgaris. Naturalorder.-Rosacere. Habitat.-Cabul, Kashmir, Southern Europe,

and England. Parts used.-The seeds.

Therapeutics.-Demulcent. The decoction 1 to 80 of boiling water is sometimes used externally for chapped heels, and other cracks in the skin.

lilO

A uice adjuuct to eye lotions III cases of irriJ tatioll and illtlamlllation.

Doses.-Decoction. Cattle, 6 to 8 ounces j sheep, J to 2 ounces.

DATURA ALBA. White Datura. Botanical name.-Datura Alba. Natural order.-Solanacere. Habitat.-India.

Parts used.-The leaves and seed. The activity of both leaves and seeds resides in an alkaloid, Datttria.

Therapeutics.-Anodyne and antispasmodic j

in large doses a powerful poison. Serviceable ill affections of the lungs, chronic cough, uterine diseases, &c. Applied externally, in the form of a poultice, fomentation, or liniment: in rheuma­tism, painful tumours, boils, ana traumatic teta-

nus. Doses.-S,tme as Belladonna.

DATURA FASTUOSA. Purple Datura. Botanical name.-Datura Fastuosa. Naturalorder.-Solanacere. Habitat.-India. Parts used.-The leaves and seed.

Therapeutics. } The bame as Datura Alba. Doses.

151

DAUCUS. Carrot. Botanical.name.-Daucus Carota. Naturalorder.-Umbelliferre. Habitat.-England, most parts of Europe, and

Asia. Parts used.-'rhe fl'esh root.

Therapeutics.-A stimulant poultice. In In­dia the seeds are considered aphrodisiac, and also given in uterine pains.

DIGITALIS. ]l1oxglove. Botanical name.-Digitalis Purpurea. Natural order.-Scrophulariacere. Habitat.-EnglalJd. Parts used.-The dried leaves, gathered III

July, when about two-thirds of the flowers are expanded. Contains a non-nitrogenized amor­phous principle, D·igitaline. Soluble readily in spirit, sparingly in ether aud water. It is also soluble in acid solutions) but without neutralizing them.

Therapeutics. - N arcotico-irritant, diuretic, and sedative. Principally given in the secondary !tageS' of inflammatory diseases, diseases of the heart, and chronic rheumatism; strongly recom­mended in phenmoma.

Doses.- Horse, i to 1 drachm; cattlEl' 1 to 2 drachms; sheep, 5 to 1'5 grains; dog, 1 to .4. grains.

152

EMBLICA OFFICINALIS. Emblica. Myroba­lans.

Botanical name.-Terminalia Chebula. Naturalorder.-Combretaceffi. Habitat.-India. Parts used.-The fruit.

Therapeutics.-The half ripe fruit is a purga­tive, and the ripe an astringent. Given medi. cinally in mucous discharges from the lungs and bowels. Equal parts of dried 1fyrobalans, and Catechu, finely powdered, made into a tnick paste with ghee or oil, is serviceable in many skin diseases, ulcers and ulcerated wounds.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms : sheep; 20 to 60 grains.

EMBELIA RIBES. Berries of Burn. Botanical name.-Em belitl Ribes. Naturalorder,-Myrsinaceffi. Habitat. -Himalaya and the forest of Bengal. Parts used.-'1'he berries 01' fruit.

Therapeutics.-Anthelmintic. Used f~r the expulsion of small intestinal worms. Thes<'l small drupes are gathered by the natives of Silhet, and sold tomerchants who fraudulently mix them with Piper nigrum.

Doses.-Horse, 2 to 4 drachms; cattle 2 to (j

drachms.

153

ERGOTA. Ergot. Botanical name.- Secale Cereale.

Naturalorder.-Graminacere. Habitat._:_England, but chiefly imported from

France, Germany, and America. Pa.rts used.-Rye grain, diseased by the pre­

sence of an imperfect fungus (the mycelium or spawn of claviceps purpu1·ea). Yields its virtue to alcohol and water.

Therapeutics.-Large doses have been ad­ministered to all animals, to produce abortion without any effect; nor has it any power to expel the contents of the uterus at any period of gesti1-tion. Findlay Dunn states, that it has no more action on the nterus of the lower animals than aliY other substance which causes intestinal irritation, and says it has been successfully prescribed inter­nally to ward off threatened abortion. As a styp­tic, is useful to check 11rernorrhage from the uterus, whether occurring during pregnancy, or after parturition.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 20 to 40 grains; dog, ~ to 10 grains.

EUPHORBIUM. Euphorbia. Botanical name.-Euphorbia Canariensis.

Natural order.-Euphorbiacere.

Habitat.-The Canary Island,andAtlasMou}l-tains of North Africa, imported from Mogadore.

154

Parts used.~The concrete resinous juice. Therapeutics.-Power£ul irritant, errhine, erne:'

tic, and cathartic. Seldom used except as a com­ponent o£ blisters.

Euphm'bia Antiquorum, E. Nivulia, and E. T'irltcalli, which are found in India, have fhe samp properties, and may be used as an embro­cation for rheumatism in cattle.

FARINA. Flour of wheat. Botanical name.-'l'riticum Vulgare. Naturalorder.-Graminacere. Habitat.-England anti elsewhere. Parts used.-'l'he seed finely powdered. Therapeutics.-Used in cataplasma fermenti,

and as an application to the skin in burns and erysipelas.

FENUGREEK. Fenugreek. ~

Botanical name.-Trigonella !<'oonum-grrocum. Naturalorder.-Leguminosro. Habitat.-Southeru Europe. Parts used.-The powdered seeds.

Therapeutics.-Aromatic ~timulant; used in <:attle medicine for flatulency and colic.

Doses.-Horse, 4 to 6 drachms; cattle, ~ to 1 ounce; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms.

FILIX. .Male Fern.

155

Botanical name.-Aspidium Filix }fas. Naturalorder.-Pilices. Habitat.-England, frequent in woods and

shady banks. Parts used.-'fhe rhizome; collected in July,

August and September; and dried. Therapeutics.-Anthelmintic. It apparently

acts by destroying the worms, the expulsion must be caused by purgatives. The extract is the best form. It deteriorates by keeping.

Doses.-(Powdered root) Horses and cattle, 1 ,to 4 ounces; sheep, ~ to 1 ounce; dog, I to 2 drachms.

F<ENICULUM. Fennel. Botanical name,-:Famiculum Dulce. Natural order.-U mbelliferre. Habitat.-Italy, Portugal, &c.; imported from

Malta.

Parts used.-The fruit. Therapeutics.-Aromatic carminative, altera­

tive, and diuretic; frequently given in India, in colic and anasarca.

Doses.-Horse, 4 to 8 drachms; cattle, 1 to 2 Qunces; sheep, t to 1 drachm; dog, 5 to 10 grains.

GALANGA. Galangql. Botanic;;'l name.-Alpinia GalangaL Naturalorder.-Zingiberacere.

156

Habitat.-China. Parts used.-The root.

Therapeutics. I Sam Z"b Doses. f e as ,lUgl er.

GALBANUM. Galbanum. Botanical name. -Species undetermined . .Gal­

banum o,fficinale. (Don.) Naturalorder.-Umbellifene.

Habitat. - Probably ~ native of Persia, Arabia, and Syria. Imported from India and the Levant.

Parts used.-'l'he gum-resin obtained by inci­sion from the stem.

Therapeutics. } Same as AS,safretida. Doses.

GALLA. Galls. Botanical name.-Quercus Infectoria. Natural order. -Cupuliferre. Habitat,-Asia Minor, PerElia) Africa, import­

ed from Smyrna) Constantinople) Bombay) &c.

Parts used.-The excrescences caused by the punctures, and depo8ited ova of diplolepi.~ yalla;

tinctorice. All the soluble matter is taken up by 40 times their weight of boiling water; the resi­due is tasteless.

Therapeutics.-A powerful astringent to mu­cous surfaces.

157

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, 20 to 40 grains; dog, 2 to 10

grains.

GENTIANA. Gentian. Botanical name.-Gentiana Lutea. Naturalorder.-Gentianacere.

Habitat.-Sub Alpine meadows of Central and Southern Europe, collected in Switzerland, the 'fyrol, and Anvergne; imported from Havre, Marseilles, &c.

Parts used.-The dried root. Contains a bit­ter principle, Gentianite, which has not yet been crystallized, also Gent1:anin, or Gentianic Acid, which can be crystallized, but is not bitter. Sugar, gum, pectin, &c. Soluble in water, dilu­ted spirit; insoluble in ether.

Therapeutics.-Bitter tonic. Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms;

sheep, 1 to 2 drachrns; dog, 10 to 20 grains.

G LYCYRRHIZA. Iliquorice. Botanical name.-Glycyrrhiza Glabra. Naturalorder.-Leg·uminosre. Habitat.-Southern ~urope, Syria, foot of Mt.

Caucasus, and cnlbivated in Spain, France, Italy, and England.

14

] 58

Parts used.-The root, or underground stem, fresh and dried.

Therapeutics.-Demulcent, especially to the bronchial membrane. Employed for making up boluses, and covering the disagreeable odour and taste of various drugs; in Veterinary practice :io; generally superseded by treacle.

Doses.-Ad libitum.

GOSSYPIUM. Cotton. Botanical name. -Gossypium, various species

of. •

Naturalorder.-Malvacere. Habitat,-America, India, Egypt, &c. Parts used.-The hairs of the seed.

Therapeutics.-Used in the preparation of Py-roxylin, also for medicated pledgets of atropine) morphia, &c. j and as adreRsing for burns, wounds, and irritable sores. The seeds are said to be dia­phoretic.

GRANA PARADISA. Grains of Paradi.~e. Botanical name.-Amomum Melagenta Naturalorder.-Zingiberacere. Habitat.- West Africa. Parts used,-The seeds. Therapeutics. - Stimulant and stomachic.

Chiefly used in cattle medicines.

l5i}

Doses.-Horsc, 2 to 4 drachms; cattle, 3 to 6 drachms.

GRANATUM. Pomegranate. Botanical name.-Punica Granatum. Naturalorder.-Granatere. Habitat.-Southern Europe, Northern Africa,

Bengal, China, and Persia, imported from Ger­many.

Parts used.-The bark of the root dried. Therapeutics.-Astringent, anthelmintic for

'1'mnia 8olinm. Its anthelmintic properties depend on an acrid oleo-resinous principle, Punicine. Said to be useful in diarrhrna and coughs.

Doses.-Horses, and cattle, 4 to 8 drachms; dog, 5 to 10 grains.

GUAIACUM. Guaiar:um. Botanical name. -Guaiacum Officinale. Naturalorder.-Zygophillacere. Habitat.-West Indies, Jamacia. Parts used.-~he wood sliced, and the resin

obtained by natural exudation from the stem, by heat or incision. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and alkaline solutions.

Therapeutics.-Alterative, diaphoretic and sti­mulant. Useful in rheumatism, skin diseases, chest affections, farcy, &c.

160

Doses.-Horse, 2 to 4 drachms; cattle, 4 to 6 drachms; sheep, ! to 1 dmchm.

GUMMI RUB RUM. Botany Bay Kino, or Red G1fm.

Botanical name.-Eucalyptus Resinifera. Naturalorder.-Myrtaceoo. Habitat. -Australia. Parts used.-The resinous exudation from the

bark. Solubility of 100 parts: 90 parts are dis­solved by cold water, 27 parts of isinglass, preci-pitates all astringent matter. .

Therapeutics.-A general, and local astringent. Can be used as a substitute for Catechu, and is in our opinion superior to it in the treatment of diarrhcea and dysentery, as it adheres with per­tinacity to the mucous surfaces.

Doses.-Horses and catt~e, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep, ~ to 1 ounce; dogs, 15 to 30 grains.

GUTTA PEReRA. Botanical name.-Isonandra Gutta.

Naturalorder.-Sapotaceoo. Habitat.-Singapore and the Malay Archi-

. pelago.

Parts used.-A non-elastic gum, which becomes plastic by heat, consisting of the concrete milky

161

juice or the stem. Soluble in benzole, chloroform, and turpentine. .,

Therapeutics.-A solution by heat ot 1 c1rachrL of gutta-percha and 10 grains or india rubber in 2 ounces of benzole, is userul for excoriations of the skin, and as a protection to the hands in P08t mortem emamination8.

HELLEBORUS NIGER. Black Hellebore. Botanical name.-Helleborus Niger. Naturalorder.-Ranunculacern. Habitat.-Sub Alpine regions of Central and

Southern Europe. Parts used.-'rhe rllizome.

Therapeutics.-Never administered internally. Externally as an irritant ror promoting discharge, Rnd as a constituent of blistering ointment.

HORDEUM. Ba1·ley. Botanical name.-flordeum Distichon. Naturalorder.-Graminacern .

• Habitat.-England, &c The~apeutics.-Demulcent, and diluent. U se­

ful ror making poultices and inrusions. Barley water, infusions of malt, and soft mashes prove of service in febrile diseases, both in horses and. cattle, especially where tissue change is exces­sive, and where hard dry rood would not be as­

\

162

similated. In some parts of India the ashes of barley stalks, which consist chiefly of impure carbonate of potash, are given for indigestion.

Doses.-Decoction (1 in 20) ad l~bitum.

HYOSCYAMUS. Henbane. Botanical name.-Hyoscyamus Niger. Naturalorder.-Atropacere. Habitat.-Europe and ,Vestern Asia, as far

west as the Western Himalaya. Cultivated in

India. Parts used.-The fresh and dried leaves, col­

lected when about two-thirds of the flowers are expanded. Contails Hyo8cyamia, an alkaloid, only once or twice obtained in a crystalline form, an acid (.Llfalic ?) and a volatile principle.

Therapeutics.-Anodyne, sedative, and nar­cotic. Useful in nervouS irritability. Its gene­ral action resembles benadonna. Externally employed in neuralgic and rheumatic affections, painful glandular enlargements, irritable sores; and diseases of the eye.

Doses. -Horses and cattle, 15 to 20 grains; dog, 3 to 5 grains.

ICHTHYOCOLLA. Isinglass. Zoological name.-Obtained from various spe.

cles of acipenser, and other genera.

163

Class.-Pisces. Habitat.-Black and Caspian Seas, and their

tributaries; imported from Russia, Brazil, India, &c.

Parts used.-The swimming bladder or sound. Uses.-A test to distinguish gallic from tannic

acid, giving with the latter a yellowish white precipitate.

IGNATIA AMARA. St. Ignatius' Bean. Botanical name.-Ignatia Amara. Naturalorder.-Loganiacere. Habitat.-Phillipine Islands. Parts used.-The seeds. Therapeutics.-Bitter tonic, similar to Nu~

Vomlc'a,.

Doses.-Same as Nux Vomica.

INDIGO. Indigo. Botanical name.- Indigofera Tinctoria, anu

other species. Naturalorder.-Papilionacere. Habitat.-India, Guatemala, &c. Parts use d.-The blue pigment; a produce of

fermentation; employed only in testing, and as a dye.

IPECACUANHA. Ipecacuanha. Botanical name.-Cephaelis Ipecacuanha (true.)

164

Psycot1-ia Emetica (striated), Richardsonia Scabra

(undulated.) Naturalorder.-Cinchouace!e. Habitat.-Matto Grasso in Brazil, and othor

parts of South Americl\. Parts use d.-The dried root. Contains an

alkaloid, Emetina united with Oephaiilic, or Ipe­~acuanhic Acid; also starch, gum, sugar, pectin, <tlbumen, and oily matter.

Therapeutics.-Emetic, and excessive doses irritant poison. dog practice.

Dose.-Dog, 15 to 20 grains.

JALAPA. Jalap.

diaphoretic. ll~

Chiefly used III

Botanical name.-Exogonium Purga. Naturalorder.-Couvolvulace!e. Habitat.-Chicanquiaco, and other parts of

Mexico, imported from Vera' Cruz. Parts used.-rrhe dried tubercles. Therapeutics.-Anthelmintic, cathartic. U se­

~ul in dropsical affections, constipation, and for the expulsion of lumbrici in dogs. It has little or no effect on herbivora.

Dose.-Dog, ~ to 3 drachms.

JUNIPERUS. Juniper. Botanical name.-J uniper Communis.

165

Naturalorder.-ConiferlE. Habitat.-Northern parts of Europe, Asia,

and America, imported from Hamburgh, and else­where.

Parts use d.-The fruit. Soluble 1 in 10 of spirit.

Therapeutics.-Carminative, diuretic, and sti­mulant. Given in flatulent colic and other affec­tions of the intestines.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 3 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4 drachms ; dogs, 20 to 40 grains.

JUGLANS REGIA. The Walntd. Botanical name.-Juglans Regia. Naturalorder.-Juglandacere. Habitat.-England, a native of Persia. Parts used.-The fresh leaves. Therapeutics.-Astl'ingent. In Kashmir and

Afghanistan is sometimes applied bruised as a cataplasm) to wounds and excoriated surfaces.

oi

KAMALA. Kamela. Botanical name.-Rottlera Tinctoria. Nat.uralorder.-Euphorbiacern. Habitat.-India, Oeylon, Ohina, 9-c. Parts used.-The minute glands covering the

capsules. Soluble in alcohol and ether, scarcely ~oluble III water.

Therapeutics.-Anthelmintic, and purgative,

166

for the expulsion of tronia. The red powder brushed off the capsules is sometimes made into an ointment for skin diseases j it has also been given for uterine pains &c.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 ounces; dog, 1 to 2 drachms. Should be administered in a bolus.

" KINO. Kino.

Botanical name.-Pterocarpus Marsupium.

Naturalorder.-Leguminosre. Habitat.-The Malabar Coast, Ceylon.

Parts used.-The inspissated juice from the stem. Solubility; of 1'00 grains of Tellicherry Kino, only 88 grains are dissolved by cold water, and 35 grains of isinglass will precipitate the whole of the astringent matter from the solution. In water is more soluble than Pale Catechu, and the solution is more astringent.

" Therapeutics. -Astringent. Doses.-See Catechu Nigrum.

LACMUS. Litmu8. Botanical nam~.-Obtained from Roccella

Tinctoria. Naturalorder.--Lichenes. Habitat.-Maderia, Angola, Madagascar;

imported from Holland.

167

Uses.-For test purposes. Acids change thl~

blue color rod, but does not become green with alkalies.

LINUM. Linseed Botanical name.-Linum Usitatissimum. Naturalorder.-Linacere. Habitat.-Britain, Russia, Egypt, Italy, India,

&c. Parts used.-The seeds and farina. Therapeutics. - Demulcent and diluent. U se­

ful ill inflammation of the pulmonary, and other mucous membranes. Externally, the farina as ~ poultice.

Doses.-All animals, ad libitum.

MANN A. Manna.

Botanical name.-Fraxinus Ornus, and F. Rot· undifolia.

Naturai order.-Oleacere. Habitat.-Oalabria and Sicily, imported fro111

Naples, Marseilles, &c. Parts used.-The concrete saccharine exudate,

obtained from the stem by incision, after the tree has ceased to produce leaves. Soluble, 1 in 5 of water; in rectified spirit, 1 in ] 20.

Therapeutics.-Mild laxative, and pectoral. Given in inflammatory diseases and chronic

coughs.

168

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms, with honey or dissolved in water.

MARRUBIUM. Horehound. Botanical name. - Marrubium Vulgare. Naturalorder.-Labiatre. Habitat.-England. Parts used.-The herb. Therapeutics.-Expectorant tonic. Given in

coughs. Doses.-Horses and cattle, 4 to 8 drachms of

the powder.

MEL, Honel/-Zoological name. -.A pis 1\1 ellifica. Order. -Hymenoptera. Class-Insecta. Habitat.-Various parts of the world. Parts used.-The saccharine secretion depo.

sited by the bee in the honey comb.

Therapeutics.-Demulcent, laxative. 1J sec in the preparation of boluses, ointment, &0.

MENY ANTHES.. Buckbean or Marsh Trefoii Botanical name.-Menyanthes Trifoliata. Naturalorder.-Gentianacere. Habitat.-England and Germany.

169

Parts used.-The dried leaves.

Therapeutics.-Astringent tonic, and purga­tive. The powdered leaves have been given to sheep for "rot," with success.

Dose.-Sheep, 30 to 60 grains.

MYLABRIS. Blistering Fly. Zoological name.-Mylabris Indica, M. Nis­

sallusis, M. Pustulata, M. Oichorii, and others. Order.-Ooleoptera. Olass-Insecta. Habitat.-Southern Europe, Greece, Egypt,

India, and Ohina. Parts used.-The dried insect. Therapeutics.-Same as Cantharidis.

MYRRHA. Myrrh. Botanical name.-Balsamodendron Myrrh. Natural order.-Amyridacere. Habitat.-Arabia, imported from Bombay.

Parts used.-The gum-resin exudate from the stem. Oontains a volatile oil, Myrrhol, gum, a resin Myrrhin, and some salts. Soluble partially in water, more soluble in alcohol and ether.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant, tonic, and expecto­rant. Given in pulmonary diseases, strongly re­commended for cattle with chronic cough. Ex­ternally, an excitant, and deodorizer to wounds, and fretid ulcers.

15

170

Doses.-Horse, 2 to 4 drachms; cattle, 4 to 8 drachms; sheep, 1 to 2 drachms; dog, 10 to 30 grains.

NUX VOMICA. Nux Vomica, or Poison Nut. Botanical name.-Strychnos Nux Vomica. Natural order.-Loganiacere. Habitat.-Coromandel, and most parts of

India.

Parts used.-'l'he seeds. Contains three alka­loids, Strychnia, Igasuria, and Brucia, in con­junction with Igusnric or Strychnic Acid.

Therapeutics.-A nervine tonic and stimulant; in over doses a virulent poison. Useful in chronic motor paralysis, particularly where there is par­tial paralysis after attacks of influenza, strangles, and rheumatism; also of service in amaurosis, stringhalt, dyspepsia, colic, dysentery, lead poi­soning, chorea, and general'debility.

Doses. -Horse, 30 to 60 grains; cattle, 40 to 80 grains; sheep, 5 to 1 U grains; dog, ~ to 3 grains.

Antidotes.-Tobacco enemata, chloroform, sal volatile, and animal charcoal,

OLEUM ANETH!. Botanical name. Natural order. Habitat.

Oil oj Dill.

} See Anethum.

171

Parts used.-The oil obtained by distillatior of the fruit.

Therapeutics.-See Anethum.

OLEUM ANISI. Oil of Anise.

Botanical name. } Natural order. See Anisum. Habitat. Parts used.-The volatile oil obtained by dill­

tillation from the fruit. Therapeutics.-See Anisum. The oil is geup­

rally used for flavouring dog medicines, and f()r the destruction of pediculi on small animals.

OLEUM ARACHIS. Ground Nut Oil. Botanical name.-Arachis Hypogma. Natural order.-Leguminosm. Habitat.-Throughout the tropics of the Old

and New World. Parts used.-The expressed oil from the seeds. Therapeutics.-An excellent substitute for

olive oil. Do.ses.-All animals. See Oleum Lini.

OLEUM-CARU!. Oil of Caraway.

Botanical name. } Natural order. See Carum Carui. Habitat.

172

Parts used.-The oil obtained by distillation from the fruit.

Therapeutics.-Same as Carum Carul. Doses.-Horse, 10 to 30 minims; cattle, 10 to

40 minims; sheep, 5 to 10 minims.

OLEUM CINNAMOMI. Oil of Cinnamom.

Botanical name. 1 Natural order. See Cinnamomum. Habitat. Parts used.-The oil obtained by distillation

from the bark. Therapeutics.-Same as Oinnamomum. Doses.-See Oleum Carui.

OLEUM CORIANDRI. Oil of Ooriander. Botanical name. } Natural order. See,Coriandrum. Habitat. Parts used.-The oil obtained by distillation

from the fruit. Therapeutics.-Same as Coriandrum. Doses.-See Oleum Carui.

OLEUM CROTONIS. Oroton Oil.

Botanical name. } Natural order. See Croton. Habitat.

178

Parts used.-The expressed oil obtained from the seeds.

Therapeutics.-A powerful hydragogue ca.­hhartic. Externally rubefacient and counter-irri­tant. Of value as an exte~nal application III

pneumonia, pleurisy, rheumatism, affections of the joints, glandular enlargements, &c.

Doses.-Horse, 18 to 25 minims; cattle, ~ to 2 drachms; sheep, 8 to 10 minims; dog, 1 to 4 minims.

OLEUM JUNIPERI. Oil of Juniper. Botanical name. } Natural order. See Juniperus. Habitat. Parts used.-The volatile oil obtained by dis-

tillation from the unripe fruit. Therapeutics.-Same as Juniperus. Doses.-Horse, 30 to 60 minims; cattle,1 to 2

drachms; sheep, 8 to 15 minims; dog, 2 to 5 minims.

OLEUM LINI. Linseed Oil. Botanical name.} Natural order. See Linum. Habitat.

Parts used.-The expressed oil from the seeds, without heat.

,.

174

Therapeutics.-Nutritive, cathartic, and flmol­lient. Given in intestinal irritl1bility arising from natural canses, or the action of poison; in colic, diarrhcea, &c. Externally, as an emollient in skin diseases, &c.

Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 pints; cattle, 1 to 2 pints; sheep, 3 to 6 ounces; dog, 1 to 3 ounces.

OLEUM MORRHUlE. Ood Liver Oil. Zoological name.-Gadus Morrhure. Class. - Pisces. Habitat.-Britain, Ireland, France, and Nor­

way. Parts used.-1'he oil extracted from the fresh

liver, at a heat. not exceeding 180°. Therapeutics.-Alterative and nutrient. Use­

ful in debility, chronic rheumatism, affections of the chest, skin diseases, and distemper in dogs.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 6 to 8 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4, ounces; dog, k to 1 ounce.

OLEUM NUCIS. Cocoa-nut Oil. Botanical name.-Cocos Nuci£era. Natural order.-Palmre. Habitat.-Malabar, Ceylon, &c. Parts used.-The concrete oil from the nut. Therapeutics.-Demulcentand nutritive. Ex-

ternally as a vehicle for liniments, &c.

175

Doses.-Horse, 8 to 12 ounces; cattle 20 to 40 ounces; sheep, 4 to 6 o"Gnces; dog, ~ to 2 ounc~s.

OLEUM OLIV lE. Olive Oil. Botanical name.-Olea Europrea. Naturalorder.-Oleacere. Habitat.-Italy, Sicily, Spaill, North A£ri()a Parts used.-The oil expressed from the fru'it. Therapeutics.-Aperient, demulcent. Doses.-All animals. See Oleum Lini.

OLEUMPTYCHOTIS. Omum Oil, or Ajwain Oil. Botanical name.-Ptych0tis Coptica. Naturalorder.-Dmbelliferre. Habitat.-Tropical Africa. Much cultivated

in India. Parts used.-'rhe oil expressed from the seEld. Therapeutics.-Stimulant, carminative,and 3,n­

tispasmodic. Useful in flatulent colic, indigesticm, and dilwrhma.

Doses.-Horses, ! to 1 drachm; cattle, 1 to 2 drachms; sheep, 10 to 20 minims.

OLEUM RICINI. Gastor Oil. Botanical name.-Ricinus Communis. Naturalorder.-Euphorbiacere. Habitat.-East and West Indies, Italy and

America. Parts used.-The oil expressed from the see<is.

170

imP"'i'ted from the East Indies, Italy and America.

Therapeutics.-Cathartic. Principally used in dog practice.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 pints; sheep, 2 to 3 ounces; dog, ~ to 2 ounces.

OLEUM SESAMUM. Till, or Jinjili Oil. Botanical name.-Sesamum Indicum. Natural order.-'-Pedaliacere. Habitat.·-India, as well as in the tropical and

warmer parts of the globe. Parts used.-The oil expressed from the seeds. Therapeutics.-A substitute for olive oil. Used

as an "oil dressing" to wounds, ulcers, and sores; it is considered as a simple dressing supe­rior to all others during the hot weather. Exten­sively employed by natives as a laxative for cat­tle.

Doses.-Cattle, 1. to 4 pints; sheep, 4 to 8 ounces.

OLEUM TEREBINTHINlE. Oil of Turpentine. Botanical name.-PinusPalustris, P. Pinaster,

P. 'l'reda. Natural order .-Coniferre. Habitat.-The Southern States of North

America. Parts use d.-The oil obtained by distillation

of the oleo-resin.

177

Therapeutics.-In large doses an irritant poi­son; medicinally an astrigent, diaphoretic, sti­mulant and cathartic. Generally used as adiuretic, anthelmintic and anti-spasmodic. Serviceable in influenza, indigestion, purpura, typhoid fev('Jr, colic, and passive hremorrhage from the lungs, stomach and bowels. In cattle practice, for hoven, chronic diarrhrea, dysentery, and the destruction of intestinal worms, &c.

Doses.-AnUspasmodic :-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep, 20 to 60 minims. Anthel­mintic :-Horses and cattle, 2 to 3 ounces; sheep, 2 to 4 drachms; dog, 1 to 2 drachms. Diuretic:~

Horses and cattle, 4 to 8 drachms; sheep, 10 to 15 minims.

OLEUM THEOBROMA. Oacao B7ttter.

Botanical name.-Theobroma Cacao. Naturalorder.-Byttneriacere. Habitat.-Mexico, South America, cultivated

in the West Indies. Parts used.-The concrete oil from the seeds;

solidifies at 72°. Therapeutics.-Emollient; employed chiefly

for pharmaceutical purposes.

OPIUM. Opium. Botanical name. - Obtained from Papaver

Somniferum. Natural order.-Papaveracere.

178

Habitat.-South·eastern Europe, and Western Asia, imported from Egypt, Constantinople, Smyrna; also cultivated in India.

Parts used.-The inspissated juice from un­ripe capsules.

Therapeutics. -'- In large doses a narcotic poison. The 1st effect of this drug medicinally is stimu­lant ; 2nd narcotic, anodyne, and antispasmodic. It operates chiefly on the cerbro-spinal system, and affects more or less every organ of the body. n tends to lessen all the secretions of the body, except that of the skin, which increases under its use. Serviceable in gastritis, enteritis, peritonitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, colic, diarrhooa, dysentery, tetanus, rheumatism, and other diseases. Exter­nally, proves valuable as an anodyne to wounds, and other painful sores; also in ophthalmia, and other diseases of the eye, &c.

Doses.~Horse, 1 to 2 drachms; ,ljattle, 2 to 4 drachms j sheep, 10 to 30 grains; dog, ~ to 3 grams.

Antidotes.-The stomach pump, emetics, l:>ti­mulants, compelled exertion, and artificial respir­ation.

PHYSOSTIGMATIS FABA. Oalabar Bean. Botanical name.-Physostigma tis Venenosum. Natural order.-Leguminosffi. Habitat.-Calabar, West Africa.

179

Parts used.-The seeds. Contain starch, le­gumin, and a fatty oil with mucilage, a little 'sugar, and the active principle PhfJsostigmia or Eseria. It yields its virtues to alcohol, and imperfectly to water.

Therapeutics.-A powerful sedative to the spinal nervous system, producing in over-doses paralysis of the extremities and death by asphy­xia. Poisonous doses cause direct paralysis of the heart. When applied within the eyelids contraction of the iris, an action diametrically op­posed to that of Belladonna, and its alkaloid Atropine. Dr. Frazer recommends its use in rheumatism, bronchitis, and tetanus; also exter­nally applied for the relief of rheumatic inflam­mation of joints, and neuralgic pains. It is sel­dom prescribed internally, and its chief use is as a local application to injuries, and diseases of the eye.

Doses.-(Powder) Horses and cattle, 20 to 60 grall.ls.

PIMENTA. Pimp,nto.

Botanical name.-Eugenia Pi menta.

Naturalorder.-Myrtacere. Habitat.--West Indies, and tropical South

America.

Parts used.-The dried unripe berries, and the oil obtained by distillation.

180

Therapeutics._.Aromatic, carminative, sto­machic, and anti_spasmodic. Useful in indiges­tion, flatulent, and spasmodic colic; also to dis­guise the nauseouS taste of medicines.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms j

sheep, 30 to 60 grains j dog, 10 to 20 grains.

PIPER LONGUM. Long Pepper. Botanical name.-Chavica Roxburghii and C.

Officinarum. Natural order.~Piperacere. Habitat,-India, Singapore and Batavia. Parts used.-The dried spadices. Therapeutics.--Stimulant, carminative. U se-

ful in indigestion. ~. Doses.-Horse, 1 to 2 drachms j cattle, ] to ;)

drachms j sheep, 10 to 40 grains.

PIPER NIGRUM· Black Pepper. Botanical name.-Piper Nigr~m. Naturalorder.-Piperacere. Habitat.-Malabar, Penang, Sumatra, Batavia. Parts used.-The dried unripe berries. Therapeutics.-Carminative, stimulant,. anti-

periodic. Externally, rubifacient. Of service in simple indigestion, lOB!! 01. appetite, and intermit­tent fevers.

Doses.-See Piper Longum.

PIX BURGUNDICA. Burgundy Pitch.

181

Botanical name.~Obtained from Abies Ex. celsa.

'Naturalorder.-Coniferre. Habitat.-Norway, Russia, Germany, Switzer­

land; and the Northern parts of Asia. Cultivat­ed in England.

Parts used.-The resinous exudate from the stem.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant and rubefacient. U$eful as an adhesive to wounds, and' as a sup­port to old sprains, and fractures.

PIX LIQ,UIDA. Tar. Botanical name.-Obtained from Pinus Syl-

vestris. Natural order.-Coniferre. Habitat.-Scotland, Denmark, &c. Parts used.-The bituminous liquid obtained

from the wood by destructiye distillation. Solu­ble in its own weight of rectified spirit, and sep!t­rates on the addition of water.

Therapeutics.-Stimulant to mucous and cut­l'l.lleOUS lllembranes. Externally, rubefacient, anti­septic, and deodorizer. Serviceable in thursh, broken horns of cattle, punctured wounds of chfst and abdomen; also for foot-rot in sheep, mange, eczema, impetigo, &c.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 arachms. 16

182

PIX NIGRA. Black Pitch. Botanical name.-Obtained from Pinus Sy1-

vestris.

Naturalorder.-Coniferre. Habitat.-Scotland, Denmark, &c., imported

from Norway. Parts used.-The residue left after the distil­

lation of tar. Therapeutics.-Stimulant in thrush and foot­

rot. Is generally used in charges, and warm plasters.

Q,UERCUS. Oak Bark. Botanical name.-Quercus Pedunculata. Naturalorder.-Cupuliferre. Habitat.-Britain. Parts used.-The dried bark of young stems. Therapeutics.-Powerful astringent, styptic,

and excitant. Serviceable 'in chronic diarrhooa, dysentery, and other mucous discharges. Ex­ternallyas a stimulant to unhealthy wOilnds, pro­lapsus ani, and prolapsus uteri.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 6 drachms;. sheep, ~ to 2 drachms; dog, 10 to 20 grains.

RESINA. Resin. Botanical name.-Obtained from various spe­

cies of Abies and Pinus.

183

Naturalorder.-coniferre. Habitat.-Northern Europe and America.

Therapeutics.-Diuretic. Externally, astrin-gent, and styptic; is applied in the form of an ointment to wounds, ulcers, blistered surfaces, &c.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 drachms; sheep, t to 1 drachm; dog, 20 to 30 grains.

RHAMNUS. Buckthorn. Botanical name.-Rhamnus Cathartic us. Naturalorder.-Rhamnacere. Habitat.-England, and other parts of Europe. Parts us~d.-l'he fresh juice from the ripe

berries.

Therapeutics.-A mild laxative for the dog, useless for horses and cattle. It is generally administered to young animals.

Dose.-(Juice) Dog, 1 to 2 drachms.

RHEUM. Rhubarb. Botanical name.-Rheum Officinale. Naturalorder.-Polygonacere. Habitat.-Chinu, Chinese Tartary, and Thibet. Parts used.-'l'he dried root deprived of the

bark. Therapeutics.-Stomachic, tonic, astringent,

184

and cathartic. Generally used III dog pra9tice, for constipation, &c. It has little or no effect on horses and cattle.

Doses.-(Cathart1·c) Dog, 2 to 3 drachms.

ROSMARINUS. Rosemary. Botanical name.-Rosmarinus Officinalis. Naturalorder.-Labiatre. Habitat.-Southern Knope, Asia Minor. Parts used.-The oil distilled from the flower_

ing tops. Solu ble 1 in 1 of rectified spirit. Therapeutics.-A mild stimulant and carmin­

ative. The oil is chiefly used in warm liniments and ointments; but is sometimes given in colic.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, i to 2 drltchms; sheep: 20 to 40 minims.

SABINA. Savin. Botanical name. -J uni perus Sabina. Natural order.-Coniferre. Habitat.-Middle and Southern Europe, Rus-

sia, and England. Parts used.-The fresh and dried tops.

Therapeutics.-In large doses irritant poison; medicinally anthelmintic. Externally a stimulant to fretid wounds, and fot· t(le keeping up the action of blisters and setons.

185

Doses.-(Anthelr%intic) Horses and cattle, 3 to 4 drachms; sheep, i to 1 drachm; dog, 3 to 5 minims.

SACCHARUM. Sugar. Botanical name.-Obtained from Saccharum

Officinarum. Naturalorder.-Graminacere. Habitat.-East and West Indies, and other

tropical countries. Parts used.-The juice of the stem, purified

and crystallised. Solubility: in water, 100 in 45, nwasures 113; in rectified spirit, 1 in 100.

Therapeutics.-N utritive, and slightly laxa­tive.

Doses.-All animals, ad libitum.

SAGAPENUM. Sagapenum. Botanical name.-Sagapenum Ferula ? Specie.;;

'l);ncertain. Naturalorder.-Umbelliferre. Hab:i.tat. -Persia and Egypt .. Parts used.-The gum-resin, in tears and glu­

tinous masses. Therapeutics. } Doses. Same as Assafootida.

SANTONICA. Warm-seed.

186

Botanical name.-Artemisia, a species of. Naturalorder.-Compositre. Habitat.-Bucharia in Persia; imported from

Russia. Parts used.-The unexpanded flower heads. Therapeutics.-Anthelmintic, especially for

Zumbrici. Dose.-(Powder) Dog, 10 to 60 grains.

SAPINDUS EMARGINATUS. Soap Nut. Botanical name.-Sapindus Emarginatus. Naturalorder.--Sapindacere. Habitat.-India (Punjab and Bengal.) Parts used.-The fruit. Therapeutics.-A mild cathartic and diuretic.

Used principally for washing purpOses. ';l'wo ounces of the berries soaked £01; 12 hours in two gallons of water, is of service for making the mane and tail of horses grow, if used regularly.

Doses.-Cattle, 1 to 2 pounds.

SAPO DURUS. Hard Soap. Composition.-Olive oil and soda; ,entirely

soluble in rectified spirit. Therapeutics.-Antacid, diuretic, and cathar­

tic. Externally a stimulant to sprains, contusions, &0. Soap is given in strong solution, in poison­ing by mineral acids; and used in the prepara­tion of enemas.

187

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ounces; sheep, 2 to 6 drachms; dog, 20 to 60 grains.

SAPO MOLLIS. Soft Soap. Composition.-Olive oil and potash; entirely

soluble in rectified spirit; and does not impart an oily stain to paper.

Preparation.-The oil is boiled with a solu­tion of caustic potash, until the whole has become saponified; it is then separated from the Glycerin and water by means of evaporation, or by a strong solution of potash.

Uses.-In the preparation of Linimentum Saponis Compositum.

SEMECARPUS. Mm'king Ntd. Marsh Nuts. ::Botanical name.-8emecarpus Anacardium. Natural order. - Anacardiacere. Habitat.-India. Parts used.-The seeds. Therapeutics.-Stimulant, vesicant, and caus-

tic. Administered in debilitating diseases, and used externally as a liniment to sprains, rheumatic affecliions, warts, &c. Steele recommends its use for Bursattee.

Doses.-Horse, 30 to 60 grains; cattle, 1 to 2 drachms.

SEVUM PREPARATUM. Prepared Suet.

]88

Zoological name.-Obtained from the sheep (Ovis Aries.)

Order.-Ruminantia. Class-Mammalia. Parts used.-The internal fat of the abdomen,

purified by melting and straining: melts at 103°. Soluble in boiling alcohol; a portion of it separates on cooling.

Uses.-Employed as a substitute for, or in con­junction with lard in the preparation of oint­ments.

SINAPIS. Mustard. Botal.lical name.-Sinapis Alba, S. Nigra, and

S. Juncea.

Naturalorder.-Cruciferre. Habitat.-Europe, and all parts of India. Parts used.-The seeds. Contains a fixed oil;

. the black kind Myronic Acid,united with potash, as myronate of potash, which, by the action of myrosine (an albuminous substance)breaks up, in the presence of water, into glucose, sulphuric acid, volatile oil of mustard, some free sulphur, &c.

Therapeutics.-When administered to the dog acts as an emetic. Externally a vesicant, rube­facient, and suppurant. Serviceable in colds, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, colic, enteritis, phlebitis, chronic rheumatism;

189

secondary stages of inflammation of joints, en­larged glands, and skin diseases, &c.

Dose.-Dog, 10 to 20 grains, as an emetic.

STRYCHNOS POTATORUM. Glaring Nut. Botanical name. --Strychnos PotatormJl. Natural order. -Loganiacere. Habitat.-India. Found growing wild only

amongst mountains and forests of grea t extent. Parts use d.-The fruit. Therapeutics.-A non-poisonous emetic. The

mucilage is used as a cooling and astringent lotion for coryza, burns, irritable wounds, &c. The seeds of this plant are used all over India. for clearing"muddy water, and are always to be had in the bazaars. If one of the seeds is well rubbed round the sides of vessels and troughs containing water and allowed to rest, in a short time the impurities subside, leaving the water clear and wholesome. Alum may also be used in the same manner for purifying water, but it cannot be had so readily up country as the clear­ing nut.

TABACUM. Tobacco. Botanical name.-N icotianum Tabacum. Naturalorder.-Atropacere. Habitat.-N orth America, Turkey, Persia,

India, Brazil, and West Indies.

190

Parts used.-The dried leaves. Contains Nicotia, a concrete volatile oil, Nicotianin, or tobacco-camphora. d

Therapeutics.'-In large doses a narcotico­poison. It paralyzes the brain, but tetanizes the cord. Medicinally is an antispasmodic, ano­dyne and anthelmintic. Externally, destroys acari, lice and other skin parasites.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 drachms ; sheep, 10 to 20 grains; dog, 5 to 10 grains; dis­solved in hot water.

TA1vIARINDUS. Tama1·inds. Botanical name.-Ta)llarindus Indica. Naturalorder.-Leguminosre. Habitat.-East and West Indies. Parts used.-The pulp of the fruit. Contains

gum, sugar, tartaric, malic, and citric acids, acid tartrate of potash, pectin, &c.

Therapeutics.-Laxative and refrigerant. Useful in inflammatory and febrile diseases.

Doses.-All animals, ad libitum.

TEREBINTHINA CANADENSIS. Canada Balsam.

Botanical name.-Obtained from Abies Bal-samea.

Naturalorder.-Coniferre.

191

Habitat.-Canada, Nova Scotia, &c. Parts used.-The resinous exudate from the

stem. Therapeutics.-Similar to other turpentines.

TI sed chiefly for CoLlod. Fexile.

TEREBINTHINA VENETA. Venice Turpen­tine.

Botanical name.-Obtained from Larix Euro-prea.

Naturalorder.-Coniferre. Habitat.-Switzerland, Italy, &c. Parts use d.-The resinous exudate from the

stem. Therapeutics.-Stimulant, resolvent and diu­

retic. Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 3 ounces;

sheep, 1 to 2 drachms; dog, 20 to 40 grains.

TEREBINTHINA CHIO. Ohio TU1·pentine.

Botanical name.-Obtained from Pi stacia Terebinthus . .

Naturalorder.-Anacardiacere. Habitat.-Asia Minor, Southern Europe, Scio

and Northern Africa. Parts used.-The resinous exudate from the

bark.

Therapeutics. Doses.

192

l Same as Terebinthina Ve­j neta.

THERIACA. Treacle. Botanical name.-Obtaill,!)d from Saccharum

Officinarum. Naturalorder.-Graminacere. Habitat.-East and West Indies, and other

tropical countries. Parts use d.-The uncrystallisable sugar. Sp.

Gr. 1'40. Therapeutics.-Laxative. Prescribed for the

purpose of increasing the activity of cathartics; as a vehicle for medicines, and for the preparation of masses.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 pounds; sheep, 2 to 4 ounces; dog, 1 to 2 ounces.

VALERIAN. Valerian. Botanical name.-Valeril'l.a Officinalis. Natural order.-V alerianere. Habitat.-Europe. Parts used.-The root. Yields a volatile oil

and valerianie acid when distilled with w~ter. Therapeutics.- Stimulant and antispasmodic.

It acts chiefly on t.he nervous system. Is rccom~ mended in epilepsy, and chorea. As a stimu­lant is useful in advanced stages of fevers. In dogs is said to act as a vermifuge.

193

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 4 ounces; sheep, 4 to 8 drachll1s; dog, 1 to 3 drachms.

VERATRUM ALBUM. White Hellebore. Botanical name.-Veratum Album. Naturalorder.-Melanthacere. Rabitat.-Pyrenees and Alps. Parts used.-The dried rhizome. Therapeutics.-In large doses an irritant poi-

son; medicinally, has been strongly recommend­ed as a diaphoretic in inflammatory diseases; it requires careful watching otherwise a fatal colapse may be induced.

ExternalJy is used in lotions and ointments :for mange. It is sometime blown into the nasal chambers as a sternutatory.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 20 to 60 grains.

VERATRUM VIRIDE. Green Helleb01·e. Botanical name.-Veratrum Viride. Naturalorder.-Melanthacere. Habitat.-Canada and along the East Coast

of N Qrth America. Parts used.-The dried rhizome. Contains

two alkaloids, Viridia, and Vemtroidea., Therapeutics.-Powerful sedative to the cir­

culatory system. Useful in acute inflamma­tion, especially pneumonia, chronic rheumatism~ fevers, &c.

17

194

Doses.-Uorses and cattle, 30 to 60 grlkins.

WRIGHTIA ANTIDYSENTERICA. Astrigent Wrightia.

Botanical name.-Wrightia Antidysenterica.

Naturalorder.-Apocynacero. Habitat.-India. The ghauts ana, hilly parts

of the Concan.

Parts use d.-The fruit.

Therapeutics.-Astrigent tonic. Serviceable in debility and in convalescence after fever, &c.

Doses.-Horse, 30 to 60 grains; cattle, 40 to 80 grains; sheep, 10 to 15 grains.

ZINGIBER. Ginger. Botanical name.-Zingiber Officinale. Naturalorder.-Zingiberacem. Habitat.-Eastand West Indies, tropical Asia,

Africa, and America Parts used.-The dried rhizome. Contains a

volatile oil (C5 Us) resinous matters, and st.arch. Therapeutics.-Carminative, stomachic, sti­

lIlulent and tonic. U se£ul in colic and other affections of the alimentary tract j is also added to cathartics to prevent griping.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 2 to 6 drachms; sheep, ! to 2 drachms; dog, 10 to 20 grains.

POISONS.

Their Tests, and A.ntidotes.

ACIDUl\1: ARSENIOSUM. Tests.-Slowly sublimed, it forms small trans"

parent octahedral crystals. Scattered on a hot iron plate gives an alliaceous smell. The solution gives with ammonio~nitrate of silver, a yellow precipitate, and withammonio-sulphate of copper, a green precipitate, insoluble in water, but readily dissolved by ammonia and nitric acid.

Antidotes.-The stomach pump j wash out th~ stomach with tepid water, in which is suspendecl moist hydrated peroxide of iron, when the inert sub~arseniate of protoxide of iron will be formed. Administer large doses of magnesia j demulcent drinks, and apply cold affusions.

ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. Tests.-A grain of hypochlorite of calcianl

added to a solution of carbolic acid, with th~

196

addition of a few drops ammonia, prodnces when placed in a test-tube, agitated, and a gentle heat applied, a bright blue color, with a tinge of green.

Antidotes.-Administer large doses of soal) ; albumen, and demulcent drinks.

ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM. Tests.-With nitrate of silver, gives a curdy­

white precipitate, (chloride of silver) insoluble in nitric acid, soluble in an excess of ammonia.

Antidotes.-Administer magnesia, chalk, de­mulcent dl-inks, and large quantities of water.

ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM.

Tests.-A small quantity mixed with a solution of persulphate, and sulphate of iron, afterwards with potash, and finally acidulated with hydrO-

choloric acid, forms a precipitate of Prussian blue. Gives no precipitate with chloride of barium showing the absence of sulphuric acid and suI-phates; but with nitrate of silver it gives a white precipitate of silver cyanide, entirely soluble in bpiling concentrated nitric acid.

Antidotes.-Fresh air, vigorous cold affusions, artificial respiration. Newly precipitated per­oxide of iron with an alkaline carbonate.

197

ACIDUM NITRICUM. Tests.-The acid poured over strips of copper

immediately form dense red fumes (nitrous anhy_ dride, N203, and nitric per-oxide, N02); but if the acid be mixed with an equal volume of w4ter and then added to the copper, it gives off a c.olorless gas, which as it. :nixes with the air ~ecomes orange-red ir~. _.01', and if introduced into a solution of ferri sulphate, communicq,tes to it a dark brown, or purple color.

Antidotes.-The same as Acidum Hyd·rochlo­ricum.

ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Tests.-With water, much heat is evohed

~

and when thus diluted forms a copious white rlre-cipitate with chloride of barium (sulphate of barium), insoluble in nitric acid.

Antidotes.-Magnesia, and demulcent drin.ks.

ACONITI RADIX. Aconiti Folia.

l\.ntidotes.-Emetic of sulphate of zinc, or sul­phate or copper; stimulants internally and exter­nally.

ANTIMONIUM TARTARITUM. Tests.-Decrepitates, and blackens when h tlat-

198

ed. Its solution in water gives with hydl'O­chloric acid, (a white precipitate anuimonyoxych­loride), soluble in excess, and which is not formed of tartaric acid be previously added.

Antidotes.-Tannic acid, catechu, and vege­table astringents.

ARGENTI NITRAS. Tests.-Soluble in water and rectified spirits.

A small piece heated on charcoal with the blow­pipe deflagrates, and deposits a metallic coating of silver. The solution gives with hydrochloric acid a curdy-white precipitate (chloride of silver), which darkens by exposure to light, and is solu­ble in a solution of ammonia.

Antidotes.-Solutioll of common salt in dem­ulcent drinks.

:BELLADONNlE RADIX, Belladonna Folia.

Antidotes.-Emetic of sulphate of zinc, or­sulphate of copper; cold affusions to the head; ammonia internally and externally; stimulaJ,lts; cathartics, after purgation administer carefully doses of opium; galvanism, artificial respiration.

CALX CHLORATA. Tests.-The Sf lotion eV0lves chlorine 011

199

-adding oxalic acid, and throws down oxalate of lime. A watery solntion mixed with a mine­ral acid, bleaches indigo.

Antidotes.-Emetics, a Ibumen, flour, milk, and demulcent driuks.

CAMBOGIA. Tests.-An emulsion, to ";vhich starch is added,

made with boiling water, becomes green i£ treated with a solution of iodine.

Antidotes.-Small, repeated doses of opium, and demulcent drinks.

CANTJIARIDIS. Antidotes.-Emetics; opium, by mouth a.lld by

enema; blood letting if necessary; demulcent drinks.

CHLOROFORMUM. Test~-Mi~ed ~Wi sulphuric acid and agita­

ted sho\!-ld leave up. residue, or after evaporation no 11llpleasant smell. Burns (not readily) with a green smoky £lame. Soluble in all proportions in ether and alcflhol.

Antidotes.---;-Fresh air; stimulants; inhalatil?u of ammouia; artificial respiration,: and galva­nIsm.

200

COLCI{lCI CORMUS. Colchici Semina.

Antidotes.-Emetics when practicable, and demulcent drinks j and if coma has been induced administer strong stimulants. Tannin may also be given as it forms with colchicia an insoluble compollnd.

CREASOTUM. Tests.-Dissolve~ freely in alcohol, ether and

acetic acid (glacial), sparingly in water. Coagu­lates albuIllen. A piece of wood moistened with it and then dipped into hydrochloric acid, after a short time exposed to the air turns a blueish­green colour.

Antidotes.-Same as Acidum Carbolicum.

CUPRI AMMONIO·SULPHAS. Antidotes.-Albumen j pea or bean meal sus­

pended in water:

CUPRI SUBACETAS. Tests.-Sparingly soluble in water, completely

in hydrochloric acid. Gives off an acetous odourh which on the application of strong sulphuric acid or heat is increased, showing the compound to be an acetate. Boiled with water and a few drops of .acetic ucid and filtered, and added to a solu-

201

tion of potassium ferrocyanide, gives a maroon precipitate (ferro cyanide of copper).

Antidotes.-Same as cupri ammonio-sulphas.

CUPRI SULPHAS. Tests.-A watery solution with barium chlo­

ride gives a white precipitate (sulphate of barium), which is insoluble in hydrochloric acid, showing the salt is a sulphate; and with a solu­tion of £errocyanide of potassium a maroon lJre­cipitate, showing the presence of copper (£el'ro­cyanide of copper).

Antidotes.-Same as cupri ammonio-sulphas.

DIGITALIS. Antidotes.-Emetic of sulphate of zinc if prac­

ticable, enemas; internal and external stimu­lants.

HYDRARGYRI P~RCHLORIDIUM. Tests;--A watery solution gives with caustic

potash a yellow precipitate (yellow oxide of mercury); with ammonia a white precipitate (ammonio-mercuric chloride), and nitrate of silver a curdy whitE\ precipitate(chloride of silver). 'rhe two first tests prove the salt to be a mercuric <compound, and the last a chloride. Heated} it

202

sublimes without decomposing, and without leaving any residue.

Antidotes.-Albamen, wheaten Raul', pea and bean meal; demulcent drinks, afterwards vege­table astringents.

HYDRARGYRI SUBCHLORIDUM. Tests.-Digested with a solution of potash it

becomes black in colour (mercurous oxide), showing the compound to be a mercurous one; the mixture filtered aud acidulated with nitric

acid form a copious white precipitate (chloride of silver) with nitrate of silver, proving it to ~e a chloride. Ether sha~en with it in a bottle, should leave no residue on evapo~ation, which proves it free from corrosive sublimate.

Antidotes.-Albumen, pea and bean meal, wheaten flour.

HYOSCYAMI FOLIA. Antidotes.-When practicable· emetics, and

stomach pump, stimulants, lime-water.

IODUM. Tests.-On heating a violet vapour is given

off, freely soluble in ether, alcohol, and a solution of iodide of potassium; and sparingly in water. A

203

small quantity of a cold solution of starch added to water, and then a few drops of watery or al­coholic solution of iodine, a deep blue precipitate is produced (iocfide. of starch). If either of the liquids be heated the blue compound is not form­ed, and if warmed after its production, the blue disappears.

Antidotes.-When practicable emetics, demul~ cent drinks, starch or flour suspended in water.

LIQUOR AMMONllE FORTIOR. When pure entirely evaporates on heat being

applied, may be known by its characteristic odour, and its alkaline action on red litmus paper. No precipitate with lime-water showing the ab­sence of carbonic acid; and when saturated with nitric acid, neither nitrate of silver or sesquicar­"bonat.e of ammonia, throws down any precipitate proving the absence of earthy salts. With salts of copper forms a blue compoun9- (ammonuret of copper). "

An,tidotes.-Lime juice, vinegar, demulcent drinks.

NUX VOMICA . . AntidoteS.-Tobacco in the form of an enema,

chloroform, sal volatile, animal charcoal.

204

OLEUM CROTONIS. Antidotes.-Demulcent drinks and opium.

OPIUM. Antidotes.-When practicable an emetic of

zinc sulph; stomach pump, ammonia to nostrils, stimulants, artifioial respiration, and enforced exercise.

POTASSlE CAUSTICA. Antidotes.-Diluted acetic acid, fixed oils,

lime juice, demulcent drinks.

STRYCHNIA. Tests.-Soluble in boiling rectified spirit and

in chloroform, sparingly in water (gives an intense bitter taste to it), not soluble in absolute alcohol or ether. A. solution a0idulated with sulphuric acid, and the addition of bichromate of potassium, gives a violet colour, which quickly passes through red to yellow. Nat coloured by nitric acid.

Antidotes.-The same as Nux \T ornica.

205

HYPODERMIC SOLUTIONS.

A FEW HINTS AS TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF

THESE REMEDIES.

- No. I. That, as· a general rule only clear neutral solution of drugs should ~e injected.

No. II. That, whether: d:r;qgs, be. in,s())-:ted under the skin or administered by the m.outh or rectum, their physiological and_ therapeuticrtl

effects are the same in kind, though varying in degree. -

No. III. That, symptoms are observed ~o fol\9w the subcutaneous injections of some drugS, which are absent when they are administered bY other methods, and on the other hand, certain unpleasant symptoms which are apt to follow t}:J.e introduction'of drugs by the mouth and rectu:o:l, are not usually experienced when such agents are injected under the skin.

No. IV. That, as a general rule te) whioh however there are m_any exceptions, n.e)ltr£l.l solutions of drugs introduced subcp.taneouslY are more rapidly absorbed, and more in~ense ju

18

206

their effect, than when administered by mouth or rectum.

No. V. That, no difference has been observed in the effects of a drug subcutaneously injected, whether it be introduced near to, or at a distance from, the part effected.

No. VI. That, the advantages to be derived from this method of introducing drugs are :­,.apidity of action-intensity of effect-economy of material-certainty of action-facility of intro­duction in certain cases-avoidance of unpleasant 6ymptoms.

No. VII. . That, the activity of medicines is three or four times greater when administered hypodermically, than by the mouth.

IN JECTIO MORPHllE HYPODERMICA. Rydrochlorate of Morphia ...... 88 graius. Solution of Ammonia .............. : .... q. s. Acetic Acid .............................. q. s .• Distilled Water .................. dd. q. s.

Dissolve the morphia'in 2 ounces of distilled water, by means of a gentle heat; add the solu­tion of ammonia until the liquid' is slightly alkaline; when cool, collect the precipitate on a filter, wash and drain; then transfer the mor-

207

phia to a porcelain dish, add 1 ounce of distilled water, apply a gentle heat, and cal'e£ully add acetic acid until the morphia is dissolved, and a very slightly acid solution formed. Add, now, distilled water, to make the solution measure 2 ounces. Filter, and preserve in a stoppered bottle, excluding the light.

(1 grain in 12 minims.)

Therapeutics.-Has the two-fold action of opium. Destroys life by paralysing respiration. Useful in colic, rheumatism, enteritis, tetanus, and spasmodic cough.

Doses.-Horse, 20 minims; cattle, 20 minims; sheep, 5 to 8 minims.

INJECTIO MORPHllE ET ATROPllE HYPODERMICA.

Injection of Acetate of Morphia (1 in 6) ......... 3 drachms.

Sulphate of Atropine ............ 1 grain.

(l grain of acetate of morphia and 6 ' 0 grain of sulphate of atropine in 3 minims.)

Therapeutics.-Same as Injectio Morphim Hypodermica. . When morphia and atropine are given in combination the action is more conspi..; cuous and prolonged .

. Doses.-Horses and cattle, 10 to 12 minims.

208

INJECTIO ATROPllE HYPODERMICA. Sulphate of Atropine ......... 4 grains. Distilled Water................. 1 ounce.

(';0 grain of S1llphate of atropine in 12 minims.)

Therapeutics.-Sedative. Useful in influenza, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, epilepsy, chorea, colicJ tetanus, and rheumatism.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 12 to 24 minims.

INJECTIO ACONITllE HYPODERMICA. Aconitine (English) ............ 1 grain. Diluted Sulphuric Acid...... ... q. s. DisWled Water .................. ~ ounce.

Dilute one drop of the acid with about one drachm of water, and carefully add drop by drop to the aconitine, avoiding excess, till it is dissolved, make up the measure to half an ounce with water.

Therapeutics.-A prompt and' effectual seda­tive. Useful in the earlier stages of pneumonia, pleurisy, acute rheumatism, apopJexy, enteritis, peritonitis, redema, &c,

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 8 to 12 minims.

INJECTIO STRYCHNllE SULPHATIS HYPODERMICA . .

Acid Sulphate of Stl'ychnia ...... 1 grain. Distilled Water.. . .......... , ...... 2 drachms.

209 Therapeutics.-Injected subcutaneously j use~

ful in tetauus, gastro-enteritis, muscular paraly­sis, &c.

Doses.-Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 drachms.

IN JECTIO ESERIlE SALICYLASTIS HYPODERMICA.

Syn :-Injectio Physostigmice Hypodermiro.

Eserire Salicylas.................. 1 grain. Distilled Water .................. 15 minims.

Therapeutics.-In poisonous doses Calabar Bean may cause death by asphyxia 01' cardiac paralysis. Garrod states that asphyxia is due "to a reduction and final abolition of the dias­taltic function of the spinal cord" and not to paralysis of the motor nerves. Useful in the treatment of strychnia poisoning, chorea, tetanns, general paralysis.

Professor Dieckerhoff of Berlin recommends this drug in third of a grain doses in the treat­ment of colic.' (vide Veterinary Journal No. 80.) Professor Garside suggests its use in some of the obstinate cases of constipation and impaction of the stomach in cattle, and also thinks it might be of service in tympanitis in these animals. (vide Veterinary Journal.)

Doses.-Hoff;JeS and cattlel 10 to 15 minims.

210

INJECTIO QUINllE SULPHATIS ACIDiE HYPODERMICA.

Acid Sulphate or Quinine ...... 5 grains. Distilled Water ........ : ......... 1 drachm.

Dissolve.

Therapeutics.-A. certain and powerful vege­table tonic, and active antiseptic and antiperiodic. Useful in loss of appetite, weak digestion, in convalescence from acute affections and chronic exhausting diseases; influenza, strangles, pur­pura, &c.

Doses.-B:orses, 20 to 30 minims; cattle, 20 to 30 minims; sheep, 5 to 8 minims.

INJECTIO ERGOTINlE HYPODERMICA. Ergotin ........................... 30 grains. Distilled Water........ ......... 1 drachm.

Dissolve.

(5 grains of ergotin in 10 minims.)

Therapeutics.-Useless as an. emmagogue (See Ergota.) Valuable as a styptic to check uterine hremorrhage during pregnancy and 'after parturition; also to arrest bleeding from lungs and stomach.

Doses._;Horses and cattle, 10 to .15 minims.

APPENDIX.

THE

NATURAL ORDERS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS.

WITH THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS OF THOSE

"ORDERS.

OLASS 1.

EXOGEN.All V. DIOOTYLEDONES. SUB-CLASS L-THALAMIFLORlE.

RANUNOULAOE.M. Gen. ACONITUM-DEL­PHINIUy-HELLBBORUS.

DIAGNOSIS-Sepals 3-6. Petals 5 or many, rarely none. Sta'lnelLs.generally many. Anthers, ad nate, opening lengthwise. Carpels many, dis­tinct or united into a single pistil. Seeds erect or pendulous: (BABINGTON.)

Note.-Distinguished from Rosacem by a deciduous caZyro to which the stamens do not adhere. (LINDLEY.)

Aconite, Hellebore, and Podophyllum.

PAP AVERA. CE2E. Gen PAPA YER-CHELIDO­

NIUM.

2

DIAGNOSIS-Sepals 2, deciduous. Oorrolla regular, of 4 petals. Stamens generally many, free. Ovary free. Placentas parietal, usually projecting. Seeds many. Stigmas as Iliany as the

. placentas, simple or lobed, the lobes of adjoining stigmas combining, thus appearing (falsely) to be o.pposite to the placentas. (BABINGTON.)

Note.-Distinguished from Cystaceoo by the deciduous calyx; from Ranunculaceoo and Nymphaceoo by the 1,artial placenta, and from Brassicacem, and Cruciferm by the stamens not being tetradynamous. (LINDLEY.)

White and Red Poppy.

CRUCIFERA}. Gen BRASSICA-CHElRANTHUS­

SINAPIS.

DIAGNOSIS-Sepals 4, Oorolla cruciform, of 4 petals. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; 2 shorter opposite the lateral petals. Ovary free, with mar­ginal placentas meeting in the middle. Stigmas 2, opposite or alternate, combining orlobing, with placentas. F1'uit a silique or silicle, valves op~ posite the short stamens. (BABINGTON.)

Notp.-No other order ha.s tetradynamM~s stamens. (LINDLEY.)

:Mustard, Horse-radish.

:MAL V ACEJE. Gen. MALVA-ALTHlEA.

DIAGNOSIS-Sepals 3, 4 or 5, more or less con­nected below, frequently double, valvate in bud.

3

cPetals the same number as sepals, adnate to base of stamens, twist.ed in bud. Stamens numerous, connected at the baS(; into a short tube. Anthers I-celled, reniform, bursting transversely. Ovary caused by the union of several carpels round. a, ,common axis. Carpels I, or many seeded. Flowers axillary. (BABINGTON.)

Note.-The valvale calYJ) and columnar stamens afford 1], certain characteristic of this order. (LINDLEY.)

Cotton Wool, and Marsh-mallow.

SUB-CLASS 2.-0ALYCIFLOR£.

LEGU~INOSJE OR FABo'-0l!l}E Gen. OYTISCS­

U LEX-TRIFOLUIM-V IOIA.

DIAGNOSIs-Calyx inferior. Sepals 5, sometimes combined, odd one inferior. Corolla papilion­aceous(in medicinal plants) inserted into the base of calyx. Petals 5, fifth one superior. Stamens

'10 (in medicinal plants) monodelphous or diader­phous. Ovary free, I-celled. Fruit a legume. Style fro:n the upper suture. (BABINGTON.)

Nqte.-The papiZionaceous flowers characterise tb'e European Flora of this order, but in other countries it varies much from that structure, (LINDLEY,)

Acecia, Broom, Oalabar Bean, Oassia, Oatechu, Oopaiba, Indigo, Liqurice, Kino, Logwood, Red Sandal, Senna, Tamarinds, Tragacanth, Balsams of Peru and Tolu.

4

ROSAOEJE. Gen. POTENTILLA-RUBUS-Ros-A.­PYRUS. DIAGNOSIs-Oalyx 4-5 parted, sometimes 8.10

parted, in two rows, free, or adhering and en· closing the ovary; odd lobe superior. Petals generally 5, equal, perigynous. Stamens peri­gynous, indefinite. Carpels many or solitary, distinct or combined with each other, or with the calyx. Styles distinct, frequently lateral. Fruit various. Leaves alternate, generally compound, with stipules. (BABINGTON.)

Note.-These plants resemble Ranunculacere, but are known by their perigynous stamens, and permanent calYal. (LINDLEY.)

.Almond, Oherry, Laurel, Kousso, Prune and Rose.

OUOURBITAOEJE. Gen. BRYONIA-OUcmus. DIAGNOSIs-Oalyx 5-toothed,.,tube adnate with

ovary. em'oUa 5-cleft, frequently scarcely dis. tinguishable from the calyx. Stamens 5, coher­ing. Anthe1's sinuose. Ovary 3-5 celled, or spuri­ously l·celled. Placentas parietal. Style short. Stigmas lobed. Fruit more or less succulent. Seeds flat in an aril. Plants succulent, with extra axillary tendrils. Often monCBcious or diCBcious.

(BABINGTON. ) Note.-These are climbing plants with fleshy jndt,

and unisexual yellow or g1'een floWeI's, (LINDLEY.)

Oolocynth and Elaterium.

5

UMBELLIFERJE OR APIACELE. Gen. DAU­

cus--P ASTINACA--ApIUM-F<ENICULUM--PET­

ROSELINUM-ANETHUM-PRINPINELLA--CORIAN­

DRUM-CONIUM-JETHUSA.

DIAGNOSIs-Calym adherent with the ovary, fJ­toothed, teeth minute, frequently obsolete. Corozta, 5-petaled, often unequal, the external ones the largest. Stamens 5, alternate, inserted on the under part of a thick fleshy disk, at the base of the styles. Styles 2. Oarpels 2, attached near the apex to a central axis, generally separating when ripe. Leaves alternate, compound, stem clasping. Flowe1's umbellated. Herbs.

(HOOKER AND ARNOTT)

Note.-The flower8 grounng in umbels. The superior petals turned in at their points, and the infe7'iM' fruit, which splits into halves, are sufficient to distinguish this order. (LINDLEY.)

Ammoniacum, Anise, Assafretida, Caraway, Coriander, Dill, Fennel, Galbanum, Hemlock, and Sumbul.

SUB-CLASS 3.-COROLLIFLORlE.

COMPOSITJE OR ASTERACE<E. Gen. PYRE­

THRUM-ANTHEMIS-TUSSILAGo-A RTEMISIA­

LEONTODON-LACTUCA-CICHORIUM.

DIAGNOSIs-Flowers enclosed by an involucre; collected together in a head like a single flower.

6

Oalyx superior, limb inconspicuous, forming a.

toothed, bristly, or feathery pappus. Oorolla tubular or.ligulate. Stamens 5, invested in the tube. Anthers united into a tube sur.rounding the style. Fruit indehiscent and dry. (BABINGTON.)

Arnica, Chamomile, Dandelion, Lettuce, Pel­litory, Santonica.

G ENTI.AN ACEJE. Gen. GENTIANA-ERYTHRlEA­

:MENYANTHES.

- DIAGNOSIs-Oalyw inferior, divided, persistent. Oorolla regular 4-8 flowered, hypogynous, mar­cescent, imbricated and twisted, seldom duplicate in bud. Stamens inserted on the corolla, as many as segments. Ovary consisting of 2 carpels, edges slightly inflexed. Oapsule or Berry many-seeded, usually 2-valved. (BABINGTON.)

Note.-The ribbed leaves or pariet~l placenta distin­guish these from other monopetalous plants. In 1ienyanthes trifoUata, however, the leaves are 3-lobed instead of 3-ribbed, and in Villarsia are like those of the water lily. (LINDLEY.) :

Chiretta and Gentian.

SOLANAC'EJE. Gen. SOLANUM. lJIAGNOSIS-Calyx inferior, 5-seldom 4-part­

ed, persistent. Oorolla hypogynous, reg~lar, or slightly irregular, 5-cleft, deciduous, plicate in bud; the lobes imbricate, or imbricate-plicate

7

(in Solanum valvate.) Stamens 4-5, inserted on the corolla, alternate. Ovary 1-2 or 4-celled. Stigma simple, rarely lobed. Pericarp 1-2 or 4-celled. Seeds many. (BABINGTON.)

Note.-This order in the European Flora is distin.­guished by its 8uperiat'1nany-seeded ovary, axile placenta, and regular jlowe1's, and by having as many stamens, as there are lobes to the corolla. (LINDLEY.)

Capsicum, Dulcamara.

A.TROP.A.CE.M. Gen. DATURA-HYOSCYAMUS­A.TROPA.

DIAGNOSIS-In habit, leaf, inflorescence, calyx: ovary, fruit, and seeds, the Atropacem agree with the Solanacem, bnt differ in the (EstiVation of the corollas, being more or less imbricated, instead vf valvate; the lobes of corolla being sometimes unequal, in 1 or more stamens which are fre­quently, sterile; and the anthers either introrse or extrorse, and always dehiscing longitudinally.

(BENTLEY.)

Belladbnna, Hyoscyamous, Stramonium, and Tobwco.

SCROPHULARIACElEJ. Gen. DIGITALIS.

DIAGNOSIs-Calyx 4-5 cleft, persistent. OO1'01la irregular, or 2 lipped or personate, deciduous, imbricate in the bud. Stamens on the corolla,

8

generally 4, didynamous, or 2 or 5. Ovary free, 2-celled. Style8 simple. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit capsular, 2-celled j placenta8 attached to the dis­sepiment or ultimately central. (BABINGTON.)

Note.-The absence of a 4·Zobed ovary distinguishes this order from the Labiatm, and their ovary containing rnore ovules than one in each cell, from the Verbenacern.

(LINDLEY.)

LABIATLE. Gen. MENTRA.-SALVIA,--LAVAN­DULA-MARRUBIUM.

DIAGNOSIs-Oalyx tubular, regular or 2-lipped persistent. Oorolla 2-lipped, upper lip entire or bifid, lower 3-fid. Stamen84, didynamous, rare­ly 2. Ovary free, 4-lobed. Style, from the base of the lobes. Stigma bifid. Fruit in 1-4 nut­like portions. Flower8 often forming 2 cymes so placed as to resemble a whorl. ' (BABINGTON.)

Lavender, Peppermint, Rosemary, Spearmint.

CONVOL VULACELE. Gen. CONVOLVULU.S.

DIAGNOSIs-Oaly'll inferior, 5-parted, persistent, imbricate, frequently unequal. Oorolla hypogy­nous, regular, plaited, deciduous. Stamen8 4-5 from near the base of the corolla. Ovary 2-4 cells, few-seeded, surrounded by an annular hy­pogynotls disk. Style 1, rarely 2. Oap8ule with

9

the valves separating from the edges of the dis­sepiments, or burstmgtransversely. (BABINGTON.)

Note.-The remarkably imbricated calyx and turning habit are distinctive characters of this order among Enropean Flora, although many other possess the later character also. (LINDLEY.)

Jalap, Scammony.

SUB-CLASS 4.-MoNOCLAMYDEiE.

POLYGONAOEJE. Gen. POLYGONUM-RuMEX. DIAGNOSIS-Perianth3-6 parted, imbricate. Sta­

mens definite, from the base of the perianth. Ovary 1, free, with 1 erect ovule. Styles and Stigmas, several. F1'uit not bursting, triangular nut, naked or covered by the enlarged perianth. Stipules usually cohering in the shape of ochrere.

(BABINGTON. )

Notc.-The triangular ft._uit, combined with ochreate stipules, are certain signs ~ this order, although the

·later character is possessed by Alchemilta. (LINDLEY.)

Rhubarb.

EUF:;JORBIAOEJE. Gen. EUPHORBIA-MERCU­RI.A.LIS. DIAGNOSIS-Flowers monoocious. Pe1·ianth lobed

or none. Male flowers of 1 or more stamens. Anthers 2-celled. Female flowers of 1 superior, 2-3 celled ovary. Styles 2-3. Stigma compound

10

or simple. Oapsule opening with elasticity, cells 2-3, with 1 or 2 suspended seeds in each. Radicle superlOr. (BABINGTON.)

Note.-The tricoccous fruit together with unisextual flowers, distinctly marks the order. (LINDLEY.)

Cascarilla, Castor Oil, Croton Oil.

CLASS 2.

ENDOGENJE AND MONOCOTYLEDONES.

SUB-CLASS 2.-PETALOIDEE.

ORCHIDACEJE. Gen. ORCHIS.

DIAGNOSIS-Sepals 3, generally colored. Petals 3,2 above and 1 below (lip), £requently lobed, and spurred, and unlike the others. Stam€ns 3, united in a central column, 2 lateral abortive, or the middle one abortive. Pollen powdery or adhering in masses. Ovary I-celled, ! inferior, with 3 parietal placentas. Style forming p~rt of the column with t·he stamens. Stigma a viscid space in front of the column. Oapsnle 3-valved. Sl}eds very many, minute. Testa loose, netted.

(BABINGTON.) Note.-The 9ynancl~'ous flowers are a certain mark of

this order. (LINDLEY.)

11

IRIDACEiE. Gen. IRIS-CROCUS. DIAGNOSIS-Perianth tubular, 6 parted, petal­

like, in 2 unequal rows. Stamens 3, epigynous, opposite the outer segments of the perianth. Anthers bursting outwards. 01:ary inferior, 3""::" celled. Style 1. Stigmas 3, dilated, often like \ petals. Oapsule 3-celled, 3-valved; valves bear­ing the dissepiments in the middle. Seeds many.

(BABINGTON. )

Note.-They are the only triandrous endogens with a,

superior perianth. (LINDLEY.)

LILIACEJE. Gen. ALLIUM-SCILLA. DIAGNOSIS-Perianth inferior, petal-like, 6

leaved, 6 parted, or with 6 teeth. Stamens 6, inserted into the receptacle or on the perianth. A nthers bursting inwards. Ovary superior, 3-ce11-ed. Ovules many in each cell. Style 1. Stigmas 3 or'1. Fruit dry, capsular, bursting with 3 valves, bearing the dissepiment on their middle.

(BABINGTON.)

MELANTHACEJE. Gen. COLCHICUM. DIAGNOSIS-Perianth inferior, 6-7 parted. Sta­

mens 6, on the receptafle or perianth. Anthers attached below their n;£iddle, bursting outwards. Ovarie.9 superior, 1 of 3 cells, or 3 of 1 cell, more or less connected. Ovules many. Style 1-3. Fru,it

12

bursting inwards, or 3 separate I-celled follicles, or more or less combined into a 3-celled septici­dal capsule. (BABINGTON.)

Note.-No other endogens have a 3 parted superior pis • . til and 6 stamens, with the anthers turned outwards.

(LINDLEY.)

SUB-CLASS 3-GLUM.A.CElE.

GRA.MINA.CEJE. Gen A.VENA-HoRDEUM-SE­CALE-TRITICUM. DIAGNOSIS-Flowers perfect or unisexual, 1-2

or more seated on a common axis, which is con­tained within an involucre of 2 (or 1) valves (glumes) or rarely. none, the whole forming _ a locusta or spikelet. Each flower of 1 or 2 scales (paleee) of which the outer or lower is simple and usually keeled, the inner with 2 veins or keels. HypogynoU8scales 2, 3, or more: Anthers versatile, notched at both ends. Ovary I-celled. Styles usually 2, rarely I, or 3. Leaves with split sheaths. (BABINGTON.)

13

ON PARTICULAR FORMS OF MEDICINES.

ALKALOIDS.

These are the active principles of drugs, generally removed by the addition of alkalies, such as I.lime, Potash and Ammonia, to solutions in spirit or water. Most of them are poisonous.

CATAPLASMS. Poultices.

,!-,hese are soft grumous preparations for exter­nal use, the principal ones are :-

C. Carbonis (absorbent and disinfectant) j

C: Conii (anodyne) ; C. Fermenti (stimulant) • C. Lini (emollient); C. Sinapis (rubefacient) ;

C. Soda Chloratre (supurative), stimulant, and disinfectant) .

DECOCTIONS.

Are obtained when vegetable matter is boiled in distilled water. They are always stronger than infusions.

EMULSIONS.

Are preparations in which substances spar­ingly soluble in water, such as resins, and oils,

14

are suspended by means of mucilage, yolk of egg, &c.

ENEMAS. Clyslm's,

Liquid preparations for injecting into the rec~ tum. If intended to promote expnlsion of £reces from the rectum, large quautities must be administered; but if to be retained not more than two or three quarts.

EXTRACTS.

These are preparations obtained by evapora~ tion of vegetable or animal solutions, or native vegetable juice in water or alcohol. They are stronger than tue agent from which they are prepared. Liquid extracts are not evaporated, and generally have some spirit &dded to them.

INFUSIONS.

'rhese are prepared by pouring either h<!t or cold water upon vegetable substances, with the object of extracting their soluble and aromatic principles., Many are made with cold water in order to preserve their volatile substance, which is liable to ba dispelled by heat, and thus render them less subject to decay.

15

LINIMENTS.

Are liquid preparations £01' external use, are combinations of strong drugs with fluid and concrete oils; the later render them of an emollient nature.

LOTIONS.

Are liquid remedies for external application, they are not oily, and generally watery. Thit3 generic term comprehends, embrocations, fomen· tations, col}yria, injections, &c.

]\fIXTURES.

Are extemporaneous preparations, consisting of different ingredients mixed together in a fluid form; or in which solids are diffused through liquids, >by ~rious mediums, such as syrup, mu· cilage, &0.

OINTMENTS.

Are preparations for external use, of the con­sistence of butter, being combinations of various solid substances, wax, resiu, (melted at a moderate heat) or lard.

SYRL"PS.

Are combinations of sugar with juices, solu­tions, tincture) or watery infusions.

16

TINCTURES.

Are solutions of certain principles of -vegetable, mineral or animal substances dissol-ved in proof­spirit or alcohol. They are made either by maceration for 7 days, or 48 hours, in which Case they undergo the process of percola­tion.

SPECIFIO G RA VITIES.

Aluminium Amber Antimony

SOLIDS. WATER = l·QOO .

... 2'56 Magnesium

... 1 -078 Mercury

Bees' wax Bismuth Cadmium Calcium Camphor (laurel) Cobalt Copper Glass G!)ld Gum arabic Iron Lead

... 6'720 Nickel

... '962 Platinum

. _. 9'822 Potassium _ .. 8'604 Resin _ .. 1:58 Rubidium ... -996 Scammony ... 8'538 Silver .. _ 8'95 Sodium .. ~ 2'540 SpermaGeti , .. 19'34 SulphUl' .. _ 1-355 Thallium _ .. 7-844 Tin ... 11-350 Zinc

... 1-75

... 13-590

... 8'82

... 21'53 , .. '865 ... 1'072 ... }';'2 .. , 1'()' ') ... 10< )0 .. , .( 72 .. , '94-3 , .. 1'990 .. ,ll'9 ". 7'291 ... 7'146

17

LIQUIDS, WATER = 1'000,

Acetic ether, B. ,,' '910 Alcohol, B, '" '795 Almond oil ,., '917 Bisulphide of cn,rbon 1'272 Chloroform B. '" 1'49 Commercial Nitric

Acid '" 1'380' to 1'390' Cren,sote .. , 1'0'46 Double aqua fortis '" 1'360 Essential oil of Anise '985

l' Cajepu~ ,,' '925 Caraway", '964 Cinamon", 1'0'0'8 Cloves ", 1'0'55

" Lemon(dist) '847 " Rosemary '897

Hydrochloric Acid B, 1'160 " (strongest) 1'210'

:Mercury ".13'590' :M:ilk '" 1'0'32 Nitric Acid (monohy-

drated) '" 1"517 Nitric Acid B. L, '" 1'420'

Oilef turpentine '876 to '869 Proof Spirit, B, 920'

" wine .. , 1'0'5 Olive oil , .. 9'175 Rectified spirit, B, ,.. '838 Saturated sol. of alum,1'033

" common salt .. , 1'20'0 " sulphate of cop-

per .. , 1'150' " "magnesia" 1'218

Seawater ... 1'0'27 Single aqua fortis .. , 1'220' Solution of ammonia,B, '959

caustic potash, B, ", 1'0'58

Spermaceti oil .. , 8'75 Spirit of Nitric Acid,B, '845 Stronger sol, of Am-

monia, B. '" '891 Syrups, B ,,' 1'330' Tinct. of sesquichlo-

ride of iron '992 Whale oil (southern), '920'

GASES AND VAPOURS. A:rMOSPHORIC AIR = 1'000.

Oarbonic oxide .. , '972 " acid (0, anhy-

dride) '" 1"524 Chlorine 2'470' (Gra­

ham", 2'421) Hydrogen '" '0'692 Lil!;ht carbureted hy-

drogen ", '5592

Nitrogen ". '972 Oxygen (Graham) '" 1'10'56 Vapour of ether '" 2'582

" "

"

iodine ,'. 8'716 phosphorus., 4'284 sulphur at

90'0'0 (Graham) 6'617 water ,.. '622

18

THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE.

SPECIFIC GRAVITIES TAKEN AT 60° (BRITISa

PHAR~IACOP<EIA) •

Degrees of Fahr. 2786 2016 1996 1873 1750 10.00

980 941 773 644 640 630 617 600 518 442 380 356 315 302 256 257 248

239 238 221

Cast iron melts (Daniell). Gold melts (Daniell). Oopper melts (Daniell). Silver melts (Daniell). Brass (containing 250

/0

of zinc) melts (Daniell.) Iron, bright cherry red (Poillet). Red heat, visible in daylight (Daniell). Zinc begins to burn (Daniell). Zinc melts (Daniell). Mercury boils (Daniell), 662 (Graham). Sulphuric acid boils (Magrignac), 620 (Graham.) Whale oil boils (Graham). Pure lead melts (Budberg) .. Linseed oil boils. Bismuth melts (Genelin). Tin melts (Oriohton). Arsenious acid volatilizes. lvletallic arsenic sublimes. Oil or turpentine boils (Kane). }Etherification ends. Saturated solution of acetate of soda boils.

" "salammoniac boils (Taylor). " " nitric acid 1'42 boils, and

solution of soda 1'44. Sulphur melts (Miller), 226 (Fownes). Saturated solution of nitre boils.

" " salt boils (Paris Oodex).

19

220 Saturated solution of alum, carb, soda, and sulph.

21S

216

214

213 212 211 207 201 lS5 ISO

176 173 151 150 141'S 132 122 116 115 112 Ill·

98 95 95 88

77

"

"

zinc boil. chlorate and prussiate of

potash boil. sulphate of iron, sulph. of

copper, nitrate of lead boil.

aoetate of lead, suI ph. and bitartrate of potash boil.

Water begins to boil in glass (or 213'5). Water boils in metal, barometer at 30°. Alloy of 5 bismuth, 3 tin, 2 lead, melts. Sodium melts (Regnault). Alloy of 8 bismuth, 5 lead, 3 tin, melts (Kane). Nitric acid 1'52 begins to boil. (about). Starch forms II< gelatinous oompound

with water. Rectified spirit boils, benzol distils. Alcohol (sp. gr. '796 to SOO) boils. Bees' wax melts (Kane), 142 (Lepage). Pyroxylic Spirit boils (Scanlan.) Chloroform and ammonia of '945, boil. Acetone (pyroacetic spirit) boils (Kane). Mutton suet and styracin melt. Bisulphuret of carbon boils (Graham). Pure tallow melts (Lepage), 92 (Thomson). Spermaceti and stearin of lard melt. Phosphorus melts (!lfiller). Temperature of the blood. Ether ('720) boils. Carbolic acid crystals become an oily liquid. Acetous fermentation ceases, water boils ill>

vacuo. Vinous fermentation ends, acetous fementation

begins.

20

64'4 Oil of anise liquefies. 59 Gay Lussac's alcoometre graduated at. 55 Syrups to be kept at. -44'5- Potassium me1ts (Bunsen). 37'9 Mercury freezes. :l2 Water freezes: 30 (about) Olive oil becomes partially solid.

5 Cold produced by snow 2 parts and salt 1 part.

COMPARISON OF THERMOMETRIC SCALES.

To convert the degrees of Centigrade into those of Fahrenheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32.

To can verb the degrees of Centigrade into those of Reaumur, multiply by 4) ~nd divide by 5.

To convert the degrees of Fahrenheit into those of Centigrade, deduct 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9.

To convert the degrees of Fahrenheit into those of Reaumur, deduct 32, divide by 9, and multiply by 4.

21

To converL the degrees of Reaumur into those of Centigrade, multiply by 5, and divide by 4.

To convert the degrees of Reaumul' into those of Fahrenheit, multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32.

The graduation of De Lisle's thermometer, used in Russia begins at boiling-point, which is mark­ed Zero, and the freezing-point is 150.

Table 8howing the equivalent8 of temperature registered by the Centiqrade, Fa hrfmheit an(Z Reumur Thermometer8.

Cent. Fahr. Rea. Cent. Fahr. Rea.

0 0 0 0 0 0

50 122'0 40'0 31 87'8 24'8 49 120'2 39'2 30 86'0 24'0 48 118'4 38'4 29 84'2 23'2 47 116'6 37'6 28 82'4 22"4 46 114'4 36'8 27 80'6 21'6 45 113'0 36'0 26 78'8 20'8 44 111"2 35'2 25 77'0 20'0 43 109'4 34'4 24 75'2 19'2 42 107'6 33'6 23 73'4 184 41 105'8 32'S 22 71'6 17'6 40 104'0 32'0 21 69'S 16'8

'39 102'2 31'2 20 68'0 16'0 38 100'4 30'4 19 66'2 15'2 47 98'6 29'6 18 64'4 14"4 36. 96'S

I 28'8 17 62'6 13'6

35 95'0 28'0 16 60'8 12'8 34 93'2 27'2 33 91'4 26'4

I 22 89'6 25'6

22

RULES FOR THE CONVERSION OF METRICAL INTO

BRITISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

From the .Anglo-F,·ench Ready Reckoner, (Ricard).

AVOIRDUPOIS VVEIGHT.

Grammes to Ounces ... Multiply by 20 and divide by 567.

" " ~ounds ... Divide by 454. Kilos " " " . Multiply by 1,000 and di-

vide by 454.

TROY WEIGHT.

Grammes to Grains ... Multiply by 10,000 and di­vide by 648.

" Kilos. " Ounces ... " ,,29 " Pounds... " " 300

MEASURES OF OAPACITY.

" 902. " 112.

Litres to Gallons ... Multiply by 22 and d~vide by 100 " 50 " 88 " Pints "

LINEAL :M:EASURES.

}Iillimetres to Inches. Multiply by 10 and divide

Metres to Yards "

70 by 254

" 64

23

SUPERFICIAL MEASURE.

Square Centimetres to Square Inches .. . Multiply by 31 and divide by 200

Square Decimetres to Square Feet ... Mult1ply by 100 and divide by 921)

Square Metres to Square Yards ... Multiply by 61 and divide by 51

SOLID MEASURE.

Cubic Centimetres to Cubic Inches ... Multiply by 44 and divide by 721

Cubic Decimetres to Cubic Feet ., . Multiply by 111 and divide by 3,143

Cubic Metres to Cubic Yards ... Multiply by 310 and divide by 237

24 WEIGHTS AND MEADURES.

METRICAL SYSTEM,

WEIGHTS A.ND MEASURES.-(Tttson.) • 1 Milligl'amme=the thousandth part of one grm.

or 0'001 grm.

1 Centigramme=the hundredth part of one grm. or 0'01 grm .

."

1 Decirlramme = the tenth part of one grm. or 0'1 grm ..

1 Gramme =the weight of a cub. cen-timetre of water at 4° C. or 1'0 "

1 Decagramme-ten grammes J1 10'0 J1

1 Hectogramme=one hundt'ed grms." 100'0)J

1, Kilogramme=one thousand grms. ,,1000'0 J1

lIEASURES OF CAPAcqY.-(Tuson.)

1 Millilitre = 1 cub. centimo or the mea. of 1 grm. of water.

1 Centilitre = 10 cub. centimo or the mea. of 10 gnus. of water.

1 Decilitre = 100 cub. cen.tim. or the mea. of 100 grms. of water.

J Litre = 1000 cub. centimo or the mea. of 1000 grm!:!'. (1 kilo.)

MEASURES OF LENGTH.-(Tu30Ii.)

1 Millimetre = the thousandth part of one metre) or 0'001 metre.

WEIG"HTS A.l~D MEASURES. 25

1 Centimetre = the hundredth part of one metre, 01' 0'01 metre.

1 Decimet1'e = the tenth part of one metre, or 0'1 metre.

1 Metre = the ten-millionth part of a quarter o.f the meridian of the earth.

THE RELATION OF 'fHE BlUTISH WEIGH'l'S AND MEASURES TO THOSE OF THE METRICAL SYSTEM.

WEIGHTS. (Tnson.)

1 Pound - 453'5925 grammes. 1 Onnce - 2S'3,t95

" ] DraC'hm = 3'5436 1 Grain 0'0648

" MEASUItES OF CAPACITY. (Tuson.)

1 Gallon - 4'543487 litres. 1 Pin~ 0'567936 " 1 Ounce (fluid) - 0'028396 " 1 Drachm (fluid) = 0'003549 " 1 Minim - 0'000059 "

THE RELATION OF 'fHE JI1ETRIOAL SYSTEM TO TH BRITISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

1 M'illigramme 1 Centigramme 1 Decigramme 1 Gramme

WEIGHTS. (1uson.)

_ 0.015432 grain!!. 0'15432

_ 1'5432

- 15'432

" "

1 KilQgramme=2 lbs. 3 oz. 119'8 grs., or 15432'348 "

26 WEIGHTS AND MEAS15RES.

MEASURES. (TILSon.)

1 Millimetre - 0'03937 inches. 1 Centimetre - 0'39371

" I Decimetre 8'98708 " 1 Metre 39'37079 :J or 1 yd.

3·7 in. I Cubic Centimetre - 15'432 grain-

measures. 1 Litre = 1 pt. 15 oz. 2 drs. 11 m.

or 15432'348 gr. "

THE ENGLISH WEIGHTS AND THEIR APPROPRIATE

INDIAN EQUIVALENTS.

1 Grain = ! Gundumani (the seed of Abrus precatorius)

" =! Manjadi (the seed of Ada-nanthera pavonia.)

1 Drachm = 1 P&goda = i. Rupee. 1 Ounce = 2t Rupees = 14 pies. 1 Pound = 38t Rupees.

THE INDIAN WEIGHTS AND THEIR APPROPRIATE

ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS.

1 Gundumani 1 Manjadi 1 Calanji 1 Pagoda.

= 2 Grains. = 4·Grains. = 80 Grains.

1 Rupee (or Tolah) =

1 Pollam ==

1 Drachm. 3 Drachms. 9 Drachms.

"

WEI(ffiTS AND MEASURES. 27

'rHE ENGLISH MEASURES AND THEIR APPRO­

PRIATE INDIAN EQUIVALENTS.

1 Minim = 1 Drop.

1 Drachm = 60 Drops.

1 Ounce = l Ollock.

1 Pint = 2~ Ollocks.

1 Gallon = 2£ Madras Measures.

THE INDIAN MEASURES AND THEIR APPROPRIATE ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS.

1 Ollock = 8 Ounces. 1 Madras Measure = 3 Pints.

INDIAN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.-(Steel.)

(Bengali)-l Tolah=nearly 3 drachms=11'7 grammes=l Re. weight. (

1 Chitk. = 5 tolahs = nearly 2 ounces = B'S grammes = 5 Rs. weigh~. . '

1 Poah.=4 chitk.=20 tolahs=nearly 8£ ounces

=233'25 grammes=20 Rs. weight.

1 Seer. =4 poah.=16 chitk.=80 tolahs=nearly 2

Ius. 1 oz. =933 grammes=80 Rs. weight.

I Pnllah (Tel,) {=126 8eers.=504 Poah.=2016 Chitk.= 10080 tolahs, nearly

1 Pullum. 280 Ibs. (20 stone).

1 Maund=40 8eers.=160 Poah.=640 chitks.= 3200 tolahs nearly 42 lbs.

..,

28 WEIGHTS AND lfEASURES.

Aga1·n. RS. RS. A. P. [pucca seer.

1 1b.=39 or 42-8-0=39-42~ ~lahs=nearly 1 1 o.z.=2-8" 2-1O-6=2~-i!)J [bits. 1 dm=... 0-5-3=t " tl11'ee 2 as. 1 gr.=nearly ~ a retti welght Ii e. aseeaof nbms

precatorius. ) scruple=one 2-anna piece of money in. weight.

~ Chittack

6 " I Scruple

1 Drop

DRY WEIGHT.

1 Kancha ::::::2

"

t ounce. 1

" =2'1 , ,

" - 1 pouna.

=20 phuttas. - 1

" or biuthoo.

WEIGHTS AND AfEASURES.

(B1'iti.'J~ Pharmacopreia.)

WEIGHTS:'

lIb. = 16 oz. 7000 grains = 7680 nUIllll1.s.

I oz. 1 dr.

= 437'5" - 480 " = 54'68" 60"

1 1 gr. 252'456 cubic iIlch of water.

:MEASURE OF CAPACITY.*

1 Gallon = 8 pints = 70,000 grs, = 76,800 IDlUIIDS.

1 Pint = 20 ounces = 8,750 " = 9,600

mImms.

WElb-RTS AND MEASURES. 29 1 Ounce = 8 drachms = 437'5 grs. - 480

minims

1 Drachm=60 minims - 54-68 1J - 60

1 Minim

1 Yard

1 Foot

1 Inch

1 Line

minims.

- '91 " - 1\ minim.

MEASURES OF LENGTH.

= 3 feet = 36 inches.

= 12 " 1 - 32'1393 seconds pendulum.

= -/""2 inch.

THE 1IIARKS OR SIGNS OF APOTHECARY WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

WEIGHTS.

Pound. Ounce. Drachm. Scruple. Grain.

lb. 5 3 9 gr.

MEASURES.

Gallon. Pint. Ounce. Drachm. Minim.

C. or Congius. O. or Octarii. 5· 3. m·

* To find the weight of any given measure of a liquid multiply the weight of the water it will contain by the specific gravity, water being 1'000. The weight of a gallon of any liquid in avoird. 100· and decimal paris, is at once seen from its density, merely removing the decimal point one place to the right. Thus, agallon of ether ',50 weighs 7'50 (7!) Ibs. A gallon of nitric acid at 1'50Q weighs 15 Ibs.-Beasley.

to II

30

ro t«l

:§'tO~N(l~OQ

11 11 1:1 _ __!I,-I _I!!__I ____!!___II _!!._11 ___!!..II_I

.n S

:§ s

'" S .g ~

'" r:::: '1:: Z '" o II II /I

3i

POSOLOGICAL TA:BL:E.

Note. -In the following Posological Table in the (last colu.mn II. C. S. & D. stand respectively forHorse, Cattle,

Sheep and Dog.

Name in the Active Th . A t' I Ph - op~' p' . 1 ernpeutlC c lOn. armac ""la. nnClp e.

Dose.

A.cetum. Vinegar.

Acidum Aceti­cum 1)ilutum. 0

Diluted Acetic Acid.

Acidum Arse­I niosum. I ArseniousAcid.

i I

I' Acidum Carbo~ licum. I

, Carbolic Acid.

l A.cidmD. Galli-

, cum. I Gallic Acid.

I .A.cidumRydro.

chloricum Dilutum.

: Diluted Hydro­i chloric Acid.

Stimulant, tonic, dill' H. &C., ~i bo ij. retic, astringent, 8., 3i to ij. and refrigerant. D., 'Ill x to xx.

See Acetum. See Acetum.

Alterative, antisep- H. & C., gr. v tb tic, and tonic. X.

S., gr. j to ij. , D., gr. -f. to -fa'

Stimulant, anodyne, H. & 0o, 'Ill xx to astringent, rubefa- lxxx. cient, antiseptic, S., Ill. v to xv. and disinfectant. Do, Ill. j. to V.

A.stringent and styp- H. & C., gr. xx tic. to Ix.

S., gr. iV'to xij. D., gr j to iij.

Tonic and lythonly- H. &C., 3ito ivo tic. So, Ill. x to xx.

D., 'Ill ij to Xo

Name in the Active Phar:macopooia. Principle.

Acidum Hydro­cyanicum Dilutum.

Diluted Prus­sic Acid.'

Acidum Nitri­cum Dilutum.

Diluted Nitric Acid.

Acidum Nitro­Rydrochlori­cum Dilutum.

Diluted Aqua Regia.

Acidum Sul­phm:icumDilu­tum.

Diluted Sul­phuric Acid.

Acidum Tanni­cum.

Tailllic Acid. Tannin.

Therapeutic Action. Dose.

Sedative, anodyne H. &C., »l xx. to and antispa.smodic. xxx.

S.,TIl vtox. D., TIl j to iij.

Tonic, antiseptic, H. &C., 3i to iv. astringent and re- S., TIl x to xx. frigerant. D., TIl ij to x.

Tonic and alterative.

Tonic, antiseptic, astringent and refrigerant.

H., 3i to:) iij. C., 3ij to iv. S., TIl x to xx. D., TIlij to x,

H. & C., 3ij to iv.

S., nl x to xx. D., TIl ij to x.

Astringent tic.

and styp- H. & C., gr. xx to lx.

S., gr. iv to xij. D., gr. ij to iv.

Aconitum. Aconite or

l\fonkshood.

Aconitia Anodyne & sedative. See Extract, Tincture &c.

Acorus. Sweet-flag.

Stomachic tonic. H., 3iv to viii. C., 3j to ij. S., gr. xxx to

lxxx.

33

Name in the Active Therapeutic Action. Pharmacopreia. Principle. Dose.

lEther. lEther Sulphu·

ricus. Sulphuric

Ether.

Aloes.

Allium. Garlic.

Alumen. Alum.

Ammoniacum. Gum Ammo­

niacum.

Ammonia:l Car­bonas.

Carbonate of Ammonia.

Sal·volatile.

Ammonii Chlo­ridum.

Hydrochlorate of Ammonia.

Chloride of Am­monium.

Stimulant, antispas_lH., 3j to ii. modic, diaphoretic C., 3ij to iv. and diuretic. S., 3iJ to iv,

D., 3 ss to ii.

Aloine. Purgative and emme- PU1·gative. nagogue in large, R., 3ij to vi. tonic and stomachic C., 3i to ii. in small doses. S., 3sS to i.

D., gr. = to lxxx.

Allyl Stimulant, antispas- H., 3sS to i. Sulp- modic and diuretic. C., 3j to ii. hide.

Sedative and astrin- H.&C., 3ijtoiv. gent. S., 3ss to ii.

D., gr. xto x=.

Stimulant, antispas- H.& C., 3ij to iv. modic and vermi- S., 3ss to jss. fuge. D., gr. x to =.

Stimulant, antispas- R., 3i to ii. modic, C., 3ij to iv.

alterative, diaphoretic S., gr. = to Ix. and diuretic. D., gr. "iij to x.

Stimulant, alterative R. & C., 3j to ii. and diuretic. S., 3 ss to ii.

D., gr. v. to xx.

Name in the Active Therapeutio Action., Dose. Phal'macopreia. Principle. i :

I

Anethu,m. Anethe- Carminative, stimu- H., 3ij to iv. I DilL, ne. lant and antispas- C., 5j to i,i. "

modic. S., 3i to ii. I D., gr. x to xxx.

Anisnm. Anethol Stomachic, carmina- H. & C., ~i to ii. I Anise. or tiv~ and a_romat\c., S., 3ij to iv. Aniseed. Anise-

Cam-phor.

Anisatum (lUi.. Stomachic all:d carmi- H., ~ss to i. cium.) native. C., 5j to ii.

Star Anise. S., 3ij to iv. D., gr. ~to xt

Anthemis. A volatile Carminative, stoma- H., 3ij to iv. ! Cha~omile. oil chic and tonic. C., 3j to ii. I

(Butylic S., gr. d to lx, and D., gr. ii to x.

I . Amylic Ange- I

late and i

Vale-"

rate.) Antimonium Alterative, anthel- H., 3j to iii.

Nigrum. mintic and emetic. BlackAntimony

Antimonium Alterative, nauseant, Alterative :-,. Tartaratum. nerve-sedative, eme- H. & C., 3i to ii.

Tartarated An- tic, antiphlogistic, N auseant"seda-timony. expectorant and dia- tive al\d anti-

phore~ic.' phlogistic:-H., 3ij to iii. C." 3ij to vi. D."gr. ss to i~. Emetic:...", Dog, gr. i, to iv.

_. -

Name in t~e I ~ct~ve I Therapeutic Action. Pharmacop<llla. PnncIple, Dose.

Argenti Nitras. Tonic, stimulant and D., gr. t to i. Nitrate of Sil- astringent.

ver. Armoracia. Volatile Stimulant, diuretic H. & C,. 3j to ii. Horse-raddish. oil iden- and sudorific.

tical with oil or lIlus-tard.

Arnica. Arnic.in Stimulant, and irritant See Tincture. and Trime-thyla-mine.

Assarootida. Allyl Stimulant, antispas- See Ammonia-Sulphide modic, anthelmintic. cum.

Azadiral)hta. Margo- Astringent, tonic andlBark. .Nim. sine and antiperiodic. R., ~j to ii. . Neem. Catechin . IC" 3j to iii. Margosa. IS., 3 ij to iv.

Balsamum Pe- Cinna- Stimulant, and Antis- H. & C., 3i to ii. ruvianum. I mein. pasmodic.

Balsam or Peru. Styracin.

Balsamum To· Cinna- Stimulant and expec- R.&C .• 3jtoii. lutanum. mein. torant.

Ba(sam of Tolu. ~tyra-om.

Tolene.

. Bdellium. Stimulant and tonic . R., 3j to ii. \BdelliUm Resin. C.,3iv.toviii.

S.,gr.xxx. toh.

36

Name in the Active Therapeu~ic Action. Dose. Pharmacopmia. Principle.

Bela. Tannic Astringent. If., 3j to ii. Bael. acid (P) C., 3ij toiv.

S., 3ij to iv.

Belladonna. Atropia. Anodyne, sedative, E. &0., '3ij toiv. Deadly Night· Aspam- narcotic, and S., gr. x to xx.

shade. gin. antispasmodic. D., gr. ii to v.

Benzoinum. Benzoic Antispasmodic and H., 3j to ii. Benzoin. acid. stimulant. C., 3ij to iv.

Bonducella. Tonic and antiperio- H., 3ij to iv. Ronduc. dic. C.,3iv. to viii.

S., 3j to ij.

Calcis Hydras. Antacid. H.&C., 3i to iii. Slaked Lime. S., gr. xx to Ix. Hydrateoflime. D., gr. v to xx,

Calotropis. Diaphoretic, alterative H., 3j to ii. Mudar. and tonic. C., 3ij to iv.

S., gr. xx. to lx.

Calumba. Calum· Bitter demulcent H.&O.,3ijtoiv Ualumbo. bine tonic.

Calum-bic acid, Berbe-

. rine. lcah Cblorata. Stimulant, alterative E.&C., '3ij toiv.

CaEcum Hypo- and astringent. S., 3j to ii. chlorite.

thlorinated Lime.

37

Name in the Active Therapeutic Action. Dose. Pharmllcopceia. Principle.

) Cambogia. Gambo- Purgative. R., 3ij to iv. Gamboge. gic acid. C·,3ivtoviii.

S., gr. xv to Ix.

Camphora. Campho- Stimulant, sedative & R., 3ito ii. Camphor. ric and antispasmodic. C., 3ii to iv.

Campho- S., gr. x to xxx. retic D., gr. iii to x. acids.

Canella. Mannite, Aromatic stimulant. H., 3i to ii. Sugar, C., 3ij to iv.

Starch. S., gr. x to xxx. D., gr. iii to x.

Cannabis Canna- Primarily stimulant; See Extract, Indica. bin. secondarily ano-

Indian Remp. dyne, sedative, nar-cotic and antispas-modic.

Cantharis. Cantha- Stimulant and diure· H., gr. v to x. Spatshor ridine. tic. C., gr. x to xx. Blis 'ri_;Ig Fly. S., gr. ij to viii.

D., gr. i to j.

Capsicum. Capsi- Stimulant & carmina- H., gr. xx to Ix. Cayenne Pep- cin. tive. C., 3i to ii.

per. S., gr. v to x. D., gr. i to v.

Carbo Animalis Deodoriser. H.&C·,3itoii. l'urificatus. S., 3i to iii.

Purified Animal D., gr. xx to Ix. Charcoal.

38

Name in the Active Pharmacopceia. Principle. Therapeutic Action. Dose.

Carbo Ligni. Wood Charcoal.

Deodoriser, disinfect- See Carbo.

Cardamomum. Cardamoms.

Carum Carui.

ant & desiccant. Animalis Puri-

A vOla-1See Anisum. tile oil,

isomeric with

Turpen-tine cam-

phor.

Carvene. Same as Anisum.

ficatus.

See Anieum.

See Anisum.

CarumAjowan. Carvol. Antispasmodic, car- n., 3ij to i~: Ajowan Plant. minative & stimu- C., 3ivto V1lI.

lant; S., 3i to ii.

Cascarilla. Cascaril- Aromatic stomachic Cascarilla Bark. lin. bitter & slight

astringent.

Catechu Areca. Tannic & Astringent & vermi-Betel·nut Cate· Gallic fuge.

chu. acids.

Catechu Nig­rum.

Black Catechu.

Astringent.

Catechu Palli· CateiJhu· Astringent. dum. tanic

Pale Catechu. acid and Catechin

n. & C., 3ij to iv.

S., gr. xXX to lxxx.

D., gr. v to xx.

n., 3i to iii. C., 3ij to iv. S., 3s£. to 3i. D.,gr.ivto xx.

n., 3i to n .. C., 3ij to iv. D.,gr.xto xl.

See Catechu Nigrum.

39

Name in th~ I A?ti~e Therapeutic Action. I Pharmacopuna. Prmclple Dose.

Chloralis Hyd­ras.

Hydrate of Chloral.

Chloroformum. IChloroform.

10inchona. IIts varieties.

Ohirata. .Chiretta.

Stimulant, sedative, H. & C., 3ij to anodyne, antispas- iv. modic & narcotic. S., 3i to ii.

D., gr. x to xxx.

Stimulant, antispas- H. &C., ~ij to iv. modic & amesthetic. S., ~ss to 3i.

D.,3itoiii.

Quinine Tonic, astringent, and H.& C., 3ij to iv. & cin- antiperiodic. S., gr. xxx to Ix. chonia. D.,gr.xtox=.

10hiratin Bitter tonic and anti- H., ~ss to j. and periodic. 0., ~i to ii.

Ophelic S., 3i to ii. acid. D., gr. v to =.

Oinllamomum. Hydride Aromatic, stimulant H., 3i to ii. Oinnamon. of cin- and carminative. 0., 3ij to iv.

namyl. S., gr. xx to xl.

Oolchicum. Uolchi­MedowSafl'ron. cine.

Oathartic, diuretic and H.&C.,3ss. tou. sedative. S., gr. v to xx.

00nium. Hemlock.

Coriandrum. Ooriander.

Oonia. D., gr. ii to vi.

Anodyne, antispas- H. &0., 3S8. toi. modic and narcotic. S. gr. x to xxx.

D. gr. i to iv.

A vola- Aromatic stimulant. See Anisum. tile oxy-genated oi1& a less volatile nonoxy-genated oil.

40

Name in the Active Therapeutic Action. Dose. Pharmacopceia. Principle.

Creasotum. Same 3S Same as Acidum Car- Same as Acidum Creasote. - Acidum bolicum. Carbolicum.

Carbo-licum:

Creta Pneparta Antacid. H., ~j to ii. Prepared Chalk C., ~ij to iv.

S., 3iJ to iv. D.,gr. viii to xii.

Croton. Crotonic Cathartic. H., gr .. xxx to xl. acid. C., gr.xlto lxxx.

S., gr. v to xx. D., gr. iii to x.

Cupri Ammo- Antispasmodic,stimu- E. & C., 3j to ii. nio-Sulphas. lant, tonic and as- S., gr. v to xx.

Ammonio-Sul- tringent. D., gr. i to iv. phate of Copper

Cupri Iodidum Tonic, alterative and E.,3j to ii. Cum Iodo. stimulant to absorb-

Iodide of Cop- ents per with Iodine.

Cupri Subacet- Tonic and astrigent. E.,3j to ii. as. C., 3ij to iii.

Subacetate of S.,gr. xx to xxx. Copper. D., gr. i to iii.

Verdigris. . Cupri Sul- Same as

phas. Cupri Subacetas. Same as Cupri Sulphate of Subacetas.

copper. Blue vitriol. Blue stone.

41

Name in the Active Therapeutic Action. Dose. Pharmacopreia. Principle.

Curcuma. Stimulant & carmina· R. & C., 3j to ii. Turmeric. tive. S., 3j. to ii.

Cusso. Kous· Anthelmintic. H.&C.,3X toxx. Kousso. sine. D., 3ij to vi.

Cyminum. Cymol & Carminative & stimu- H.,3iij to iv. Cumin. cuminol. lant. C., 3iv to viii.

S., 3ss to i.

Of Decoction. Cydonium. Demulcent. C., 3vi to viii. Quince. S., 3j to ii.

Datura. Datnria. Anodyne & antispas· Same as Bella· Its varieties. modic. donna.

Decoctum Astringent, tonic and R., 3xV to x:;:x. Azadirachtoo. antispasmodic. C., §xx to xl. Decoction of S., 3j to iii.

Nim Bark.

DigiLalis. Digita· Diuretic & sedative. R., 3S8. to i. Fox.glove. line. C., 3j. to ii.

S., gr. v to xv. D., gr. ito iv.

Emblica Offici· The half ripe lruit.- H.&C., 3ij ~o nalis. purgative. lV.

Emblica. Theripe £ruit.- as- S., gr. xx to Ix. Myrabolans. tringent.

Emblica Ribes. Anthelmentic. R., 3ij to iv. Berries of C., 3ij to vi.

Burn.

42

Name in the Active Therapeutic Action. Dose. I P harrnacopreia. Principle.

Ergota. Ergotine Ecbolic & styptic. H.&C.,3ijtoiv.l Ergot. Ecboline , 8., gr. xx to xl. I

D., gr. ii to x. I Extractum S~dative, anodyne & H., gr.xtoxv. I

Aconiti. antispasmodic. 0., gr. xv to xx. , Extract of S., gr. ii to v.

aconite. D., gr. t to ii.

Extractum Bel- See Belladonnn.. H. & C., 3i to ii. In.donnre. S., gr. iii to x.

Extract of Bel- D., gr. i to iii. ladonna.

Extractum Stimulant, anodyne, H., 3i to ii. Cannabis sedative, and anti- C., 3ij to iv.

Indicffi. spasmodic. S., gr. v to xv. Extract of

Indian Hemp.

Extractum Sedative & diuretic. H., gr. iii to x. Digitalis.

Extract of Digi-C., gr. iv to xv. S., gr. i to v.

talis. D., t to 1.

Extractum Er- See Ergota. H., 3i to iv. gotreLiquidum. Liqnid Extract

C., 3ij to iv. S., III x to xl,

of Ergot. D·,miitox.

Extractum Cardiac. sedative H. &C., 3i to ii. HJoscyami. anodyne &; anti- S., gr. xv to xxx.

Extract of spasmodic. D., gr. ii to viii. Hyoscyamus.

43

(

Name in th~ ~ct~ve \ Therapeutic Action. Pharmacopcma. PnnClple. Dose.

Fenugreek. Aromatic stimulant. H., 3iv to vi. 0., 3BB to i. S., 3i to ii.

Ferri Carbonas Same as Ferri Sulpbas. Same as Ferri Saccharata. Sulphas. Saccharated Oarbonate of

Iron.

Ferri Iodidum. Astringent, alterative H., 3ss to ii. Iodide of Iron. tonic & hoomatinic. C" 3i to ii.

S., gr. v to xv. D., gr. i to viii.

Ferri Sulphas. Astringent, boomati- R., 3i to ii. Sulphate of nic. 0., 3ij to iv.

Iron. S.,gr.xvto xxx. Green Vitriol. D., gr. ito x. Copperas.

Filix. Felicic Anthelmintic. Powdered root. Male Fern. Acid. H. & C., 3~ to

Glycer- IV. ide of Fi- S., 3SS to i. lixolyn. D., 3i to ii.

Fceniculum. A vola- Aromatic carminative, H., 3iv to viii. Fennel. tile oil alter'ltive and diure- 0., 3i to ii.

much tic. ~., 3ss to i. resemb-ling that of Oil of

D., gr. v to x.

Anise. Galanga. Same as Zingiber. Same as Zingi-

I Galangal. ber.

Galbanum. A resin Same as Assafcetida. Same as Assa-yielding fcetida. Umbelli-

ferone.

44

Name in the Active Thornp,"", Aotio~ 1 Dose. Pharmacopceia. Principle.

Galla. Tannic, Powerful astringent. R., 3i to ii. Galls. Gallic & C., 3ij to iv.

Ellagic S., gr. xx to xl. Acids. D.,gr. ii to x.

Gentiana. Genti- Bitter-tonic. R. & C., 3ij to Gentian. anicAcid iv.

Gentio- S., 3i to 3ij. picnn. D., gr. x to xx.

Grana Para- Stimulant & stoma- R., 3ij to iv. disa. chic. C., 3iij to vi.

Grains of Para-dise.

Granatum. Tannin& Astringent & anthel- Bark of the root Pomegranate. Punicine mintic. or the rind.

R. & C., 3iv to viii.

D.,gr. v ~o x.

Guaiacum. Gnaiacic, Alterative, diaphoretic R., 3ij to iv. Guaiare- and stimulant. C., 3iv to vi.

tic & S., 3ss to 1. Guaia-

conic Acids.

GummiRub- Astringent. R. & C., 3i to ii. rum. S., 3sS to i

Botany Bay D., gr. xvto xxx. Kino or Red ,

Gum.

Hydrargyri Stimulant, cathartic, H. & C., gr. xx Subchlori- sedative, alterative, to Ix. dum. catalytic, & anti- S., gr. v to x.

Subchloride phlogistic. D., gr. ii to iv. of Mercury.

Calomel.

45

Name in the Active Therapeutic Action. Dose. Pharmacoproia. Principle.

Hydrargyrum cum Creta.

Alterative. D., gr. iii to x.

Mercu~ with Chal . [to xx.

Hyoscyamus. Ryos- . Anodyne, sedative & H. & C., gr. xv Henbane. cyamla. narcotic. D., gr. iii to v.

Ignatia Amara. Bitter-tonic. SeeNuxVomi-Saint Ignatius, ca.

Bean. Infusum Cate- See Catechu. R. & C., 5iv to

chu. vi. Infusion of Ca- S., 5i to ii.

techu. D., 3:!- to j.

Infusum Chi- See Chirata. H. & C., 5iv to ratro. vi.

Infusion of S., 5i to ii. Chiretta. D., 5t to i.

Infusum Cin- See Cinchona. H. & C., 3iv to chonro Flavro. ft vi.

Infusion of yel- S., 35 to ii. low Cinchona. D., 3i to i.

Infusum Er- See Ergota. H., 3vi to viii. ~otro. C., 5viii to X.

In usion of Er- S., 3ij to iv. got. D., 5SS to i.

Infusum Gen- I See Gentiana. H., 5 vi to viii. tianro Compo- C., 3 viii to X.

situm. S, 3ij toiv. Compound In- D., 5sS to i.

fusion of Gen-tian.

46

Name in the Active Pharmacopceia. Principle. Th""p,uti, Aciion.! Dose.

Iodum. Iodine.

Ipecacua.nha

Jalapa. Jalap.

Juniperus. Juniper.

Kamala. Kamela.

Kino.

Liquor Aloes. Solution of

Aloes.

Liquor Aloes et Sodm Carbo­

natis. Solution of

Aloes with Carbonate of Soda.

Stimulant, alterative, H., gr. x to xx. and deobstruent. C., gr.= to Ix.

S., gr. v to x. D., gr. i to ii.

Emetina Emetic, diaphoretic. D.,gr. xv to xx. and Cepha-

elic Acid Convol- Anthelmintic and D., 3ss to iii.

vuIin cathartic. Jalapin.

Volatile Carminative, diuretic H. & C., iSj to Oil. and stimulant. m.

S., 3ij to iv. D., gr xx to xl.

Rottlerin. Anthelmintic and pur- R., iSi to ii. 'l'annic gative D., 3i to ii.

Acid.

See Cate- Same as Catechu Ni- Sam~ as Cate-chu. grum. chuNigrum.

Laxative & purgative. H. & C., iSviii to xv·i.

S., 3ij to vi.

Laxative & purgative. H. & C., is viii t? XVI.

S., iSij to vi.

47

Name in the Active Therapeutic Action. Dose. Pharmacopooia. Principle.

Liquor Ammo­nire.

Solution orAw­monia.

Liquor Ammo­nire Acetatia.

Solution of Ace­tate of Am­monia.

Mindererus's Spirit.

Liquor Arseni­calis.

SOlutlOll of Arsellic.

Liquor Arse­nici Hydro­chloricus.

Hydrochloric Solution of Arsenic.

Liquor Oalcis. Solution of

Lime.

Liquor Ferri Perchloridi.

Solution of Per­chloride of Iron.

Stimulant, alterative, H., ~ss to i. antacid, antiseptic,O., 3ij to iv. antispasmodic, dia· S., 3j to ii. phoretic, & diuretic. D., llJ.V to xii.

Stimulant, diaphoretic H. & 0., 3iv to and diuretic. viii.

S., ~j to iv. D.,3ij to viii.

See Acidum Arsenio- H., ~j to ii. sum· C., 3i to ii.

S., 3'&1:> to iii. D., ll1V to xx.

See Liquor Arsenicalis See Liquor .Arsencialis ..

Antacid.

See Tinctura Ferri Perchloridi.

H.&O., 3iV to vi.

S., 3sS to ii. D., 3j toiv.

See Tinctura Ferri Per­chloridi.

,------------~----~------------------~----------

48

: Name in the Active

J

'. Therapeutic Action. PharmacopaJla. PrInciple. Dose.

LiquorStrych­nilE. --

Solution of Strychnia.

Magnesia.

[Magnesia Levis . Light Calcined

I Magnesia.

IMagneSilE Car­

bonas. Carbonate of

Magnesia.

1~1agnesilE SuI· I pbas. ISulphate of , Magnesia. IEpsom 'Salts.

},1anna.

:M:arrubium. Horehound.

·Massa Aloes. Mass of Aloes. Cathartic Mass.

:l\1assa Aloes

I Composita.

OompoundAloe

l I 1I1as8.

Stimulant and tonic. H. & C., 3ij to vi.

s., 3ss to ii. D., gr. iii to xii.

Antacid and laxat'ive. Calf, 3ij to viii.

Do. Do .

Do. Do.

Oathartic & febrifuge. (Cathartic.) C., lb. i to ii. I

S., 3j to jii. I D.,3J to IV.

(Febrifuge.) I H., 5ij to iv.

lllanni(;elMild laxative & pecto· H. ~.C., ?j to ii. ral. S., "J to 11. :

IExpectorant tonic. H. &; C., 5iv.~?!

i Cathartic.

Lo\.lterativc.

I I

Vll1.

1 H., 3vi to viii. .

49 ~. ,

Name in the I Active Pharmacopmia',Principle

Th,rnp,utio A,tion·1 Dose.

Massa Bella- Anodyne and nerve R., 3vi to 3viii. donnro Com- stimulant. I

posita. Compound Bel-ladonna Mass.

Massa Catechu. Astringent. R.,3j. Catechu Mass.

I Astringent Mass.

Massa Cupri Tonic. H., 3 vi to viii. Sulphatis.

'c Sulphate of I Copper Mass.

.Massa Digitalis Alterative and seda- H.,5j· Composita. tive. Compound Digitalis Mass. Cough Ball.

Massa Ferri Tonic. H., 3vi to viii. Sulphatis. Sulphate of Iron Mass.

Massa Resinro Composita. Compound. Resin Mass.

Diuretic. fl.,3j.

Massa Zingi- Stomachic. \H.,5j. beris Compo-sita.

Compound Gin-! ger Mass_

50

Name in the Active I Pharmacopceia. Principle. Therapeu7;c Action. Dose.

Menyanthes. Buckbean or Marsh Tre­foil.

Mistura Ammoniro. Ammonia Mix-

ture.

Mistura Creta Composita. Compound

Chalk Mix­ture·

Mistura Ricini. Castor Oil Mix­

ture.

Mylabris. Blistering Fly.

Myrrha. Myrrh.

Nux Vomica. Poison Nut.

Astringent tonic, and S., gr., xxxto Ix. purgative.

Antispasmodic and stimulant.

H., 3j to ij. C., 3ij to iv. S., 3iv to vi.

Astringent and ant- Calf, 3ss to ii. acid. S., 3iv to viii.

Cathartic. D., 3iv to viii.

Same as Cantharides. Same as Can­tharides.

Myrrhol Stimulant, tonic and H., 3ij to iv. and expectorant.

Myrrhin

Strych­nia,

Ig~su~ na

N ervine tonic stimulant.

and \ Brucia.

C., 3iv to viii. S., 3j to ii. D., gr. x to xxx.

and H., gr. xxxto Ix. C., gr. xl to lxxx. S., gr. v to x. D., gr. t to iii.

Name in the Active Pharmacopreia. J;'rinciple.

Oleum Arachis. Ground Nut

Oil.

Oleum Carui. Oil of Caraway.

Oleum Cinna­momi.

Oil of Cinna­mon.

Oleum Corian­dri. Oil of Cori­

ander.

Oleum Crotonis Croton Oil.

Oleum Juniperi. Oil of Juniper.

, Oleum Lini. Linseed oil.

Oleum Morr­hum.

Cod Liver Oil.

51

Therapeutic Action.

Aperient, and demul­cent.

Dose.

H., OJ toii. C., OJ to ii. S., ~iij to vi. D., ~i to iii.

Same as Carum Carui. H., '111 x to :xxx.

Same as Cinnamo· mum.

Sarno as Coriandrum.

A powerful hydra­gogue cathartic.

Same as Juniperus.

Nutritive, cathartic & demulcent.

Alterative and nu­trient.

C., 111 x to xl. S., 111 v to x.

Do.

Do.

H., 111 xviii to xxv.

C., 3 ss to ii. S., 111 viii to x. D., 111 i to iv.

H., '111m to lx. e., 3j to ii. S., 111 viii to xv. D., 111 ii to v.

Same as Oleum Arachis.'

H. & C., ~ vi to viii.

S., 5ij to iv. D., ~ t toj.

52 .,

Name in the Active Therapeutic Action. Dose. Pharmacopreia. Principle.

Oleum Nucis. fDemulcent and nutri- H., ~viii to xii Cocoanut Oil. tive. C., ~ xx to,xl.

S., ~ iv to vi. D., ~ ss to ii.

Oleum Olivre. Olein & Aperient & demulcent Same as Oleum Olive Oil. Margar- Lini.

ine.

Oleum Ptycho- Stimulant,carmina- H., 3ss to i. tis. Omum Oil tive, & antispas- C., 3j to ii. or Ajwain Oil. modic. S., "Ill x to xx.

Oleum Ricini. Cathartic. H. & C., OJ to i Castor Oil. S., 3 ij to iii.

D., ~ss to ii.

1.

Oleum Sesa- Same as Olive Oil. C., OJ to iv. mum. S., 3 iv viii.

,Jinjili Oil.

Oleum Tera.- Astringent, diapbore- (Antispasmodic. ) bintbinre. tic, stimulant, diu- H.&C., ~itoii

Oil of Turpen- retic, cathartic, S., "Ill xx to lx. tine. anthelmintic and (Anthelmintic.

antispasmodic. H. & C., 3ij t.~ 11 i.

S., 3ij to iv. D .. 3i to ii. (Diuretic. ) H. & C., 3 i,:,.~ o

Vlli.

S., IT\ X to xv.

Opium. Morphia Primarily stimulant, H., 3j. to ii. secondarily anodyne. C., 3ij. to iv. antispasmodic and S., gr. x to xx x. narcotic. D., gr. t to iii.

53

Name in the Active Therapeutic Action. Pharmacopreia. Principle. Dose.

Physostigmatis ~hys.os-IA powerful sedative. H .. & C., gr. xx Faba. tlgmmor to Ix.

Calabar Bean. Eseria \

Pimen.t'O,. Ayom'O,ti~, ~ .. wmiml,· E..&C.,:'i).toi,> Pimento. tive, stomachic and S., gr. xxx tolx.

antispasmodic. D., gr. x to xx.

Piper Longum. Piperine Stimulant and car- R., 3j. to ii. Long Pepper. minative. C., 3j. to iii.

S., gr. x to ::d.

Piper Nigrum. Do. Black Pepper.

Pix Liquida. Tar.

Plumbi Acetas. Acetate of Lead Sugar of Lead.

Potassre Biear­bonas.

Bicarbonate of Potash.

Potassre Carbo­nas.

Carbonate of Potash.

Potassre Chlo­ras.

Chlorate of Pot­ash.

Carminative, stimu­lant and antiperiodic.

Stimulant.

Do.

H. &C.,3ij. toiv

Sedative and astrin- H. & C., 3j. gent. S., gr. xv.

D., gr. ii to vi.

Antacid, antilithic and diuretic.

Do.

Stimulant, diuretic, and refrigerant.

H.&C., 3ij tovi S., 3ss to ii. D., gr. x to xxx.

H. & C., 3ij .. to IV.

S., 3ss. to i: D., gr. v to xx.

H., 3i to ij. C.,3ij to iv. S., gr. xx to xl. D., gr. v to xv.

54

I Name in the Active ,Thcmpeutic Action, Dose, I

Phlwmacopceia, Principle,

Potassre Nitras,! IDiuretic, febrifuge, H" 3ij to iv, Nitrate of Pot-! and refrigerant, C" 3iv to viij.

ash, \ S" 3i to ii, Nitre, Saltpetre D" gr, v to x,

Potassii Iodi- Alterative, deobstru- H" 3j to ij, dum. ent and diuretic, C" 3i to iij,

Iodide of Pot- S" gr, xx to lx. assium. D., gr. j to v.

Pul vis Antimo- Same as Antimonium (Febrifuge,) nialis.

Antimonial Tartaratum. D" gr. iij. tox.

Powder. James' Powder.

Pulvis Ferri Tonic. H.,3 v. Sulpha tis Com-

positus. Compound

Powder of Sulphate of Iron.

Pulvis Ipecacu-anhre Compo-

Sedative, diaphoretic, and nauseant.

D., gr, v to xv.

situs. Compound

Powder of Ipecacuanha. Dover's Pow-

. der,

Pulvis Opii Sedative, astringent, H, & C., 3iv to Compositus. and stimulant. vi,

Oompound 8., 3i to jss. Powder of D., gr. x to xxx, Opium.

55

I Name in the Active Th t' A . Dose. Ph . P' . I empeu lC ctlOn. armacopoJlI1. nnCIp e.

\Qu~rcus. Querei- \Astringent, styptic, H. & 0., 3ij to Oak Bark. tannic and excitant. Vi'l Acid. s., 3ss to ij.

D., gr. x to xx.

Quinire Sulphas Powerful tonic, active H., gr. xx to xl. Sulphate of Qui- antiseptic, and anti-

nine. periodic. 0., gr. xx to Ix. S., gr. v to x. D., gr. i to v.

Resina. Pinic, Diuretic. H. & C., 3ii to Resin. Sylvie & IV.

Pimarie S., 3ss to i. Acids. D., gr. xx toxxx.

Rbamnus. Malic Mild laxative. D.,3itoii. Buckthorn. Acid,

Rham-nine and Rham-negine.

Rheum. Oxalate Stomachic, tonic, as- D., 3ii to iii. Rhubarb. of lime_ tringent & cathartic.

Tannic, and

Chryso- I phanic I Acid.

RosIDn,rinus. Vo]n,ti]e Mild stimulant & cn,r- I H. & C., 3ss ~?I Rosemn,ry. oil and minative. n.

Tannin. ,S., 111xX to xl.

56

Name in the \ Activc. \ " I Ph O

• n Ll' • I TherapeutIc ActIOn. armac pWlw. ~rlllClp e. Dose.

Sabina. Savin.

Sagapenum.

Santonica. Worm Seed.

/Sapindus E marginatus.

Soap Nut.

Sapo Dums. Hard Soap.

Semecarpus. Marking Nut. Marsh Nut.

Sinapis. Mustard.

An oil Anthelmintic. isomeric

H. & 0., 3iii to iv.

with Oil of Tur-pentine, Gallic

acid and Resin.

S., 3ss to i. D., llliii to v.

Same as Assafwtida. Same as Assa­fwtida.

Santo- Anthelmintic. nino

D., gr. x to Ix.

A mild cathartic andie" lb. i to ii, diuretic.

Antacid, diuretic and,H.&C., 3i to ii. cathartic. IS" 3ii to vi.

D., gr. xx to Ix.

Stimultmt, vesicant & R., gr. xxx to Ix. caustic. C., 3i to ii.

Sulpho- Emetic. Sinapi-

D., gr. x to xx.

sin,:My­ronuteor Potash& a vola­tile oiL

Sodre Bicarbo- Same as Potassre Ri- E., 3iv to vi. nas. carbonas. IC" 3iv to viii.

Bicarbonate all S., 3i to ii. Soda. D., gr. "IT to xl __ ~~ __ ~ ______ L_ ____________ ~~~~~~

57

Name in the Active Therapeutic Action. Dose. PharmacopCllia. Principle,

Sodre Carbonas. Similar to Potassre E., 3iv to vi. Carbonate of Carbonas. C" 3iv to viii.

Soda. S., 3i to ii. Washing Soda. D., gr. ii to xl.

Sodre Carbonas Similar to Potassre R., 3i to ii. Exsiccata. Carbonas. C., 3ii to v,

Dried Carbo- S., gr. xv to 3i. nate of Soda. D., gr. ii to x.

Sodre Sulphas. Sulphate of

Soda.

Cathartic. C., lb. ito ii.

Glauber's Salt.

Sodre Sulphis. Antiseptic, deodorizer, E., 3i to ii. Sulphite of disinfectant, altera- C,' 5ii to iv,

Soda. tive and febrifuge. S., 3ii to vi. D"gr. xtoxxx.

j80dii Chlori- Stimulant, emetic, ca- (Purgative and dum. thartic, anthelmin- 'authelmintic. )

lChloride of So- tic, tonic, alterative C., lb. i to ii. dium. and diuretic. S. 3i to iii.

ICommon Salt. (Tonic.)

l E., 3i to ii. C" 3ii to IV. S., 3ii to iv.

I D., gr. xto xxx. I . (Emetic)

D., 3i to ii.

Spi;ritus JEthe- Diffusible stimulant E., 3 iii to vi. rIS. and antispasmodic, C., 3 vi to x.

Spirit of Ether. S., 3i to ii. D., 3 i to vi.

58

Name in the Active Pharmacopceia. Principle. Therapeutic Action. Dose.

Spiritus lEthe­ris Nitrosi.

Spirit of Nit­rous Ether.

Sweet Spirits of Nitre.

Spiritus Am­monire Aroma­ticus. Aromatic Spirit of Am­monia.

SpiritusAmmo­nire Fcetidu9.

Fetid Spirit of Ammonia.

Spiritus Chlo­roformi.

Spirit of Chlo­roform.

Chloric Ether.

Strychnia.

Sulphur Subli­matum.

Flowers of Sul­phur.

Stimulant, diaphore­tie, antispasmodic, and diuretic.

R., 3\ to ii. C., 3 ii to iv. S., 3 ii to vi. D., 3S9. to ii.

Antacid, diffusible sti- R., 5 ito ii. mulant and anti- C., 3 ii to iv. spasmodic. S., 3ii to iv.

Stimulant and spasmodic.

D., III x to xxx.

anti- R., 5 i to ii. C., 3 ii to iv. S., 3 ii to iv. D., III x to xxx.

Anodyne,antispasmo- R., 3ii to iv. dic, and stimulant. C., 5iii to vi.

S., 3 ss. to i. D., '3 i to iii.

I I I I

I Stimulant and tonic. R.&C., gr.ito iii 'I

S., gr. t to i. D., gr. :{o to 1"'0.\

Laxative and altera- (Laxative). I tive. R., 3 iii to v.

C.,3vtovii'i. S., 3i to ii. D., ~ ii to viii. (Alterative.) R., 5. i to ii. C., 3 ii to iii. S., 3iv to vi. D., 3ss to ii.