MAT 259 Visualizing Information
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Winter 2006 George Legrady 1 Media Arts and Technology Graduate Program UC Santa Barbara AT 259 Visualizing Information MAT 259 Visualizing Information Self-Organization Lecture 4, January 31, 2006
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MAT 259 Visualizing Information. Self-Organization Lecture 4, January 31, 2006. Self- Organization. Various mechanisms by which pattern, structure and order emerge spontaneously in complex systems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of MAT 259 Visualizing Information
Winter 2006George Legrady 1
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
Self-OrganizationLecture 4, January 31, 2006
Winter 2006George Legrady 2
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
Self- Organization Various mechanisms by which pattern,
structure and order emerge spontaneously in complex systems
Originally from physics (thermodynamics), chemistry (molecular self-assembly: particles organize)
Insect world: complex collective behavior
Winter 2006George Legrady 3
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
Examples of Self-Organization Pattern of sand ripples in a dune, zebra
stripes. the coordinated movements of flocks of birds or schools of fish
The intricate nests of termites, wasps, ants
Flocking behavior of fish, birds
The spatial pattern of stars in a spiral galaxy
Winter 2006George Legrady 4
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
Systems Open systems: the flow of matter and
energy through the system allows the system to self-organize, and to exchange entropy with the environment
Autopoiesis (self-created, non-equilibrium structures) organized states that remain stable despite matter and energy continuously flowing through them
Morphogenesis: how living organisms develop (tissues, organs, etc.)
Winter 2006George Legrady 5
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
Cellular Automata Invented by Stanislaw Ulam and John
von Neumann in the 1940’s to investigate self-replication in machines
Within a cellular grid, each cell responds to neighbors based on a set of rules
Mathematician Wolfram used it as the basis of his book: “New Kind of Science: “Simple programs that lead to complex results”
Rule based behavior can easily be presented in a visual way
Winter 2006George Legrady 6
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
Swarm Intelligence “The emergent collective intelligence of
groups of simple agents” (Bonabeau)
Behavior of bees, ants, reflect problem-solving approach
Social insect colony: a decentralized problem-solving system
Winter 2006George Legrady 7
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
Swarm Intelligence Systems Starting point for new metaphors in
engineering and computer science (robotics)
Help design artificial distributed problem-solving methods and devices
Potential models for organizing data / information
Winter 2006George Legrady 8
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
SO Organization Methods Bottom up tinkering approach rather then top down
The behavior of the group is often unpredictable, emerging from the collective interactions of all of the individuals.
Relies on amplification of fluctuations (random walks, errors) which function as seeds from structures to develop
Simple rules by which individuals interact can generate complexity
Structures emerge despite randomness (foraging, nest building, etc.) System converges to stable state
Winter 2006George Legrady 9
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
Stigmergy A term to explain task coordination and
regulation
SO rely on multiple interactions (mutually tolerant individuals respond to each other’s actions)
Individuals interact indirectly when one modifies the environment, and the other responds to the new environment
Winter 2006George Legrady 10
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
Relevance to Data Visualization Provides models of organization
Transfer knowledge from study of nature
Methods of organization (local to global)
Relevant for non-linear systems (where multiple players/data sources affect situation)
Winter 2006George Legrady 11
Media Arts and TechnologyGraduate ProgramUC Santa Barbara
MAT 259 Visualizing Information
ReferencesSelf-Organization in Biological Systems, Camazine.
Deneubourg, Franks, Sneyd, Theraulaz, Benabeau
Hidden Order, John Holland
Swarm Intelligence, Bonabeau, Dorigo, Theraulaz
Swarm Intelligence, Kennedy, Eberhart
New Kinds of Science, Wolfram
