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MASTERING THE ART OF PUBLIC AND PROFESSIONAL SPEAKING
Dr.Ibrahim Alhariri07-11 December 2015
London
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Dr.Ibrahim Alhariri 1
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Introducing the Trainer
Dr.Eng.IBRAHIM ALHARIRIE.M- Visualsoftwww.visualacc.com 396 YORK WAY - N7 9LW LONDON.UK Mob: +447890380000 Email: [email protected] Skype :ITHARIRIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJOka6GFwRw
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Name?
Position?
Experience?
Expectations?
Introducing Each Other
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Our Schedule
•– 5 Day Training‐ Program:
•08:30 – Starting Time•10:00-10:20 Coffee Break•12:30 – -12:00 Coffee Break•14:00 – Closing Time
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Rules of The Workshop…
Attendance is a must. Participation is required. Freedom of speech & expression. Mobiles should be kept silent during training. No smoking in the conference room. Tea/coffee is allowed during training
activities. Distribution of Certificate of Attendance. Let’s enjoy our program together and “Learn
by Fun”!
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AgendaDay OneIntroduction
Day Two4-H Puplic speaking
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AgendaDay Three30 tips in public speaking
Day Four
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AgendaDay FiveReview
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4-H Public Speaking
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Public Speaking Produces Anxiety in Most People
3. Death
2. Snakes
1. Public Speaking
People’s Biggest Fears
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
• Acknowledge Your Fear
• Act Confident
• Channel Nervous Energy
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety (con’t)
• Practice, Practice, Practice
• Simulate Setting at Home
• Ask Friends to Be Practice Audience
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety (con’t)
• Visualize Your Success
• Use Deep-breathing Techniques
• Focus on Message, not Fear
• Give Yourself a Mental Pep Talk
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Understand Audience and Listening• People Think Faster Than Hear
• Have Short Attention Span
• Jump to Conclusions
• Easily Distracted
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Listening Remedies
• Keep Speech Focused
• Divide Speech into Compact Segments
• Analyze Audience Carefully
• Adapt to Situation
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Understand Audience Memory
Time
Amount of SpeechRemembered
+
+
-
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Understand The Speech Context
• Audience• Setting
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Context –
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The Audience
• Size
• Demographics
• Beliefs and Values
• Receptive/Antagonistic
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Context - The Setting• Indoor/Outdoor
• Size and Shape of Room
• Arrangement of Seating
• Equipment Available
• Lighting
• Acoustics
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Understand & Define Your Purpose
• Inform• Inspire /
Persuade• Entertain• Introduce• Accept• Pay Tribute
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Understand the Speech Making Process• Choosing/Narrowing a Topic• Researching Topic• Organizing Your Speech• Developing an Outline• Rehearsing Speech• Delivering Speech
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Choosing an Appropriate Topic
• Is It Important to You?• Is It Important to Your Audience?• Will It Hold Audience’s Attention?• Is It Manageable in the Time
Available?• Is It Appropriate for Oral
Presentation?• Is It Clear?
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Georgia 4-H provides us with the skills we need to
be successful in life.
Develop Central Idea
Write a one
sentence summary
of speech.
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Generate Main Idea• Does It Have Logical Divisions?
• Are There Reasons Why It Is True?
• Can You Support It?
A...B...C...Because...
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Narrowing a Topic - Example
Protecting the Environment
Water Quality in My State
Well Water Problems
Utilizing Home Well Assessments to Reduce Contamination Risk
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Getting Topic Feedback
• From Members of Potential Audience
• From Friends
• From Family
• From 4-H’ers
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Researching Topic and Finding Supporting Material
• Sources of Supporting Material
• Types of Supporting Material
• Tests of Supporting Material
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Sources of Supporting Material
• Libraries– Books– Periodicals– Newspapers– Reference Materials– CD-ROM Data Bases– Government Documents
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Sources of Supporting Material (con’t)
• The Internet/World Wide Web– Search Engines
• Infoseek• Yahoo• Lycos• HotBot• Google, etc.
– Online Libraries
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Types of Supporting Material• Common Knowledge
• Direct Observation
• Examples & Illustrations
• Explanations & Descriptions
• Documents
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Tests of Supporting Material
• Is Information Specific?
• Is Source an Expert?
• Is Source Unbiased?
• Is Information Timely?
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Tests of Supporting Material (con’t)
• Is Information Relevant to Point
Made?
• Does Information Support the Point?
• Is Information Timely?
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Special Considerations for Online Information• In Physical Print, Quality Is Controlled by
Experts– Journals - Peer Review– Periodicals - Editors– Published Texts - Editors, Librarians
• Online, Must Do Own Quality Control– Beware! Everything On the Web Is Not ALL True
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Organizing Your Speech
• Chronological• Topical• Spatial• Cause-Effect• Problem-Solution• Comparison- Contrast
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Types of Outlines• Preliminary
Outline (Rough-Draft)– Main points to
research
Preparation OutlineTitle & TopicPurposeIntroductionMain and Sub-PointsTransitionsConclusionSupport/Evidence
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Types of Outlines• Speaker’s Outline
– Introduction
– Main Point
– Support
– Transitions
– Conclusion
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Ethics in Speech Preparation - Researching
• Take Accurate Notes When
Researching
• Record Complete Source Citations
• Credit Source of Ideas
• When in Doubt, Cite Source
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Don’t Use Someone Else’s Speech!
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Introductions
Types
Functions
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Types of Introductions• Identification with Audience
• Reference to Situation
• Statement of Purpose
• Statement of Importance of Topic
• Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic
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Types of Introductions (con’t)• Anecdotal Story
• Rhetorical Question
• Quotation
• Humor
“So there I was at the summit of Mt. Killimanjaro, and I turned to the guide and said…”
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Functions of Introductions• Get Attention
• Introduce Topic
• Provide Motivation
• Establish Credibility
• Preview Speech
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Conclusions
Types
Functions
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Types of Conclusions• Summary
• Quotation
• Personal Reference
• Challenge to Audience
• Offer Vision of the Future
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Types of Conclusions
• Anecdotal Story
• Rhetorical Question
• Quotation
• Humor Remember what Dwight D. Eisenhower once said: “Things are more like they are now, than they
have ever been before.”
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Functions of Conclusions• Summarize Speech
• Reemphasize Main Idea
• Motivate Response
• Provide Closure
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Methods of Delivery
• Manuscript Reading
• Memorized
• Impromptu
• Extemporaneous
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Delivering Speech - Beginning• Walk Calmly with Confidence
to Front
• Establish Eye Contact
• Smile Naturally
• Deliver Introduction
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Delivering Speech - During• Use Effective Eye Contact
• Use Effective Language
• Use Effective Gestures
• Be Enthusiastic
• Use Conversational Style
• Use Notes As Needed
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Delivering Speech - Ending
• “Frame” the Speech
• Pause before Returning to
Seat– But Don’t Ask for Questions
• Accept Applause Graciously
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Elements of Vocal Delivery• Speech Rate and Pauses
• Volume
• Inflection and Pitch
• Quality of Voice
• Pronunciation and Articulation
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Elements of Physical Delivery or Body Language• Appearance
• Posture
• Facial Expression
• Eye Contact
• Movement
• Gestures
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Rehearsing Speech• Recreate Setting
• Practice Without Memorizing
• Time Speech
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Rehearsing Speech
• Practice Out Loud
• Practice Standing Up
• Watch Yourself
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Rehearsing Speech
• Practice Gestures
• Practice Eye Contact
• Practice Volume
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Plan, Prepare, Polish, Practice, Present
The better you know your material the less anxious you’ll be about presenting it.
Smile and act natural. Don’t apologize for being nervous. No one will know you’re nervous unless you call attention to it.
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REMEMBER!!!!
• The 4-H Motto is “To Make the Best Better” and the 4-H Way is “Learn by Doing”!
• Keep these in mind as you prepare your speeches!
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The ability to speak in front of audience is considered as a sign of Self-confidence.
Why Speak in Public ?
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The unique features of this presentation is the tips given here are time tested over 25 years among youth
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• Matter• Language• Style
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• #1• Start with a proper GREETING
to the judges and audience
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• #2• ORGANISE your speech into
three basic parts• Attractive -
INTRODUCTION • Meaningful - MAIN SPEECH • Clear & Crisp -
CONCLUSION
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• #3• MAKE the introduction BRIEF
but ATTENTION GATHERING
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• #4• OPEN your speech with any one
of the four techniques :• Quotation• Example• Definition• Humour ( HUMOUR is little difficult to
deliver ; unless you are good at telling jokes, DON’T try this technique )
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• #5• MAKE NO more than THREE
major points in a three minutes speech
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• #6• STRUCTURE the points as under• a) MAKE a single & clear
statement of your point• b) ELABORATE the point in few
sentences• c) Give one or two examples to
support the point (sequence may vary c,a,b..)
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• #7
• BALANCE the points to consider all aspects of situation.
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• #8• EMPHASIZE your arguments
but don’t show bias.
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• #9• MOVE from one point to
another -LOGICALLY & SMOOTHLY
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• #10• END with a word of thanks.
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#11• AVOID grammatical faults
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• #12
• USE correct pronunciation
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• #13• USE the right word as far as
possible ( You should have / develop a good vocabulary to do this )
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• #14• PREFER simple sentences.
Similarly prefer direct speech (active voice) to reported speech (passive voice)
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• #15CITE specific example instead of
making generalizations.
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• #16• CREATE word pictures • Example - say : “My friend
Ram”, instead of “a friend”• Say : “It is hard as maths to me”
, not weakly “it is hard”
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• #17• USE pauses appropriately
(when you make an important / major point - it will sink into the minds of your audience well)
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• #18• SPEAK fluently
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• #19• AVOID :• Putting on an unnatural /
foreign accent
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• #20• AVOID :• Use of big words to show off
jargon, slang & cliches
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• #21• TAKE a good look at the
audience, judges and the arrangements while you are waiting for your turn to speak.
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• #22• WALK at your normal pace to
the dais / speaker podium when called to speak
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• #23• STAND erect, but not stiff
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• #24• LOOK at judges, audience and
take a deep breath.
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• #25• SMILE at the most friendly face
(pretty / handsome one) you can see in the audience - if you prefer ! Now begin speaking.
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• #26• KEEP your voice at a level that
suits the size of the audience and the hall / room
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• #27• SPEAK at your natural speed
(like when you talk to your friends or at home)
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• #28• LOOK at different sections of
the audience once in a while. (Don’t stare at someone or a particular object in the room)
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• #29• ALLOW your hands the natural
gestures they are used to, while you speak.
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• #30• After you finish your speech
pause briefly, take a couple of steps back and then RETURN to your seat.
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