Master Plan Review - SPA Delhi

URBAN INDIA 2050“Safe Cities - Disaster Resilient & Crime Free Cities”

Master Plan Review – Draft Chandigarh Master Plan-2031

XV NOSPlan Convention- Mysore

Members: Imran Basha, Suneel Kumar, Nanda Kishore, Prakhar, Devesh, Disha

By: School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi


Terminologies Relevance of the Theme. Safe City Concept/Concerns and Parameters. Factors Contributing to Lack of Safe City. Justification of the Case Study: Chandigarh Case Study Profile Safe City Parameter wise Master Plan Provisions Review

Existing Scenario/Issues Master Plan provisions Effectiveness of the provisions Merits/Demerits in provisions Recommendations

Proposals & Strategies Role of Planner and public.

STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION


State of Cities and Master Plan Provisions.“Safe Cities- Disaster Resilient & Crime Free Cities”

DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31


TERMINOLOGIES & THEME RELEVANCE

• Planning process to make cities a better place to live with safety & security.

Relevance of the Theme- “Safe Cities Disaster Resilient & Crime Free Cities”

Rapid Urbanization Safety & Security ConcernsCITIES

Safety: (Oxford)• Relative freedom from danger, risk, or threat of harm, injury, or loss to personnel and/or

property, whether caused deliberately or by accident.

Security: (UN)• It is the degree of protection against danger, loss, and criminals.• Human security - people can exercise these choices safely and freely, and with confidence.

Disaster: (UNISDR)• It is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society.• Involves widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts,• Exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

Resilience: (UNISDR)• The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb,

accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner.

Safe City:• City that offers safety & security in all respects &aspects in terms of both physical & natural



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31SAFE CITY CONCEPT/CONCERNS & INDICATORS

Safe City Indicators:Crime & Violence:

Women SafetyCrimePoliceTerrorism/mafia

Road SafetyAccidentsPedestrian Safety

Security of Tenure:Forced evictionsLand Security

Disaster resilienceNatural & ManmadeFire SafetyStructural Safety.

Public HealthHealth facilitiesDiseases.

They improve social and better living conditions in cities & empower women.

• Enhance overall quality of life & better living.Safe City Objectives:

Safe City Concept:To create safe urban areas that provide better social and economic environments by preparing for both natural and man-made disasters.

To ensure road safety & enable free pedestrian flow.

Enable security of tenure and sense of ownership.

Lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility.

Improves health & living conditions in cities.

Safe City Concept



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LACK OF SAFE CITIES

PovertyPlanning Processes

Urbanization

Attitude& Inequality

Absence of Disaster Risk Reduction

Inadequate Safety

Strategies

SAFE CITY ISSUES

Inadequate Access to Infra



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31SAFE CITY CONCERNS

(1) UnableWhen securityforces lack the capacity to protect at-risk civilians

(2) UnwillingWhen securityforces choose to avoid entering dangerous areas

Even when they are willing/able, some security forces are seen as being part of the problem – e.g. “social cleansing”

When public security fails, civilians are left to provide

their own security

…. and the rise of Private Security “Elite security” : Guards Gated communities Alarm systems

“Slum security”: Gangs Paramilitaries Vigilante groups

Privatization Social Segregation Community violence

Public security fails when the state is:


NATURE & IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISASTERS



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31

Disaster Degree of Uncertainty

Extent Impact

Flooding Tides are predictable,Precipitation not so predictable

City / Region wide, Predictable, vulnerable areas could be mapped

•Impact on power supply and communication,•Disturbance to transport•Loss of property and life

Landslides Linked with precipitation

Local, vulnerability could be assessed

Serious impact on life and property of slum dwellers

Earthquake Highly uncertain

City / Region wide Unpredictable

Similar to above


NATURE & IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISASTERS



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31

Disaster Degree of Uncertainty

Extent Impact

Building collapse & Fire

Vulnerable areas are known, but occurrence in unexpected.

Local. Through surveys and warnings loss of life sought to be prevented

Impact essentially local but could affect traffic

Riots, bandhs, communal tension.

Can sometimes be anticipated

Initially local but could spread over a larger area

Law and order problem.

Terrorism General threat persists but occurrence is sudden

Attempts are to cause wide spread disturbance

Depends upon target, explosives used.

Nuclear power Threats are unknown

Unknown Could be large.



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20


Justification:• First planned city of India. The planning of Chandigarh was purely physical, in fact the city

was designed rather then planned.• The concept of the city is based on four major functions: living, working, care of the

body and spirit and circulation.• Latest Draft Master Plan for the year 2031, Approved 2013.

Chandigarh Profile:Site Selection:• Selected in 1948 taking into account various attributes:

• Central location in the state, • Proximity to the national capital • Availability of sufficient water supply, fertile of soil, • Gradient of land for natural drainage, beautiful site with

the panorama of blue hills as backdrop & moderate climate.

Chandigarh Interstate Metropolitan Regional Plan-2056

Location:• Chandigarh is a city in

Northern India that serves as the capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana.

• About 240km from Delhi.

Connectivity:• NH-21 and NH-22 run

through the city connecting it to the major cities

• Connected by rail to many cities

• Domestic airport is 8 km away from city center.Area: 114 sq.km



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20


Physical Settings:Seismic Characteristics :• It lies in Zone-IV of the

Seismic Zonation Map (2002) of India.(High Vulnerable)

• It is located on Indo-Gangetic near to the active tectonic zone

Demographic Profile:

Sex RatioDensity:

Source: Draft Master Plan of Chandigarh-2031

Existing Land Use -2011


Perspective Plan-2031


Census 2011, Urban (97.25%) & rural (2.75%) 82.80% urban and 17.20% rural in the year 1961

Rural-Urban Composition:



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31MASTER PLAN EVOLUTION

• In March 1948, the then Government of Punjab in consultation with the Government of India approved the site for new capital for the state.

Site for New Capital

• The team prepared the Master Plan and detailed out the super block which constituted the basic module of city planning

ALBERT MAYER ‘S PLAN FOR CHANDIGARH

• Reflecting concepts of ‘modernism’ movement and based on nature (the head/ lungs / heart / limbs) and incorporated the essentials of site / climate/culture/tradition.

• The original plan was divided into a grid of 30 sectors with the Capitol Complex as well as the Civic Centre its focal points.(pop-150,000)

Le Corbusier’s Plan (PhaseI) With Green Lungs

• Phase Two from sector 31 to 47 targeted 350,000 was with 4-storeyed apartments for government employees with an increase in the ratio of smaller plots/lesser open areas / nearly 4 times increase in density.

• Concept included re densification of Phase I.

Le Corbusier’s Plan (Phase II)

• The first comprehensive plan for developing the city and its periphery within the UT boundary after a spate of adhoc developments impacting its periphery and improve healthy living.

Draft Chandigarh Master Plan -2031

Albert Mayer’s Plan

Le Corbusier’s Plan

Draft Chandigarh Master Plan

etc.



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31DRAFT CHANDIGARH MASTER PLAN CONCEPT & MAJOR HIGHLIGHTS

Chandigarh Vision

Capital City poised to protect

Conservation of architectural

& planning idiom

To reduce spatial socio-

economic disparities

Maintaining low to medium density profile

Become a Central

Educational Hub

Pedestrian Friendly

development

Public transport shall be encouraged

as preferred mode

City Shall become a

Tourism Hub

Vision & Components of Draft CMP-2031

DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

– 2

031

CON

CEPT

Challenges for future development

Chronological account of external factors

Phased Development & Periphery Control

Interstate Regional Plan

Guiding Principles for Future Plan

Population Dispersion Strategy

Concept of Sustainable Development

Public Participation Mechanism

Assessment Criteria




DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31CRIME & VIOLENCE: SAFE CITY PARAMETER WISE REVIEW

S.N Master Plan Provisions Effectiveness of Provisions Recommendations

1

2

3

4

• Strict enforcement of the Paying Guest Scheme

• Women Safety Programmes

• Housing for women

• Concept of fully use of facilities

Absence of clear provisions and detailing out measures to ensure will impact poor implication

Special provisions in master plans & other development plans.

Women Safety Cell & commission

Participation of women in policy and programmes framing.

Eye-on Street Concept to be introduced.

Existing Scenario:• Though the city has been planned considering safety but not able to deliver its result.

• Deficit of 5 Police Stations for 2031

Contributing Factors:• Growth of Informal sector• Stress and Societal behavior• Unemployment

Issues:• Weak public security system• Lack of awareness

Map showing Existing Police stations




DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31DISASTER ANALYSIS : SAFE CITY PARAMETER WISE REVIEW

S.N Master Plan Provisions Effectiveness Recommendations1

2

3

Disaster Management Strategya)Pre Disaster Phaseb)Impact phasec)Post Disaster Phase

Disaster Management Planninga)Enforcing Existing codes & Lawsb)Structural Mitigating measuresc)Retrofitting & Earthquake resistance

Long Term Response Plan

Will enable better coping capacities

Better strategies for mitigation of the risks related to disasters in future.

• Disaster Risk Reduction Plan

• Risk & Vulnerability mapping

• Using GIS technology to manage disaster & disaster simulation.

• Info dissemination & Public Participation

Existing Scenario: Disaster

Contributing Factors:• Industries & Chemical

Plants• Sewerage Disposal• Seismic zone

Issues:• Industries effluents impact

living conditions.• Ground Water quality

degradation• Increases vulnerable areas

&risk for the residents

• High Vulnerability to Earth quake• Lies in Seismic Zone-IV• State Disaster Management Authority for Chandigarh

has been formed

Hazard & Vulnerability Mapping




DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31

S.No Master Plan Provisions

Effectiveness of Provisions Recommendations

1.

2.

3.

Design of buildings as per Fire Safety Act and National Building Code.Area for fire station - 2.5 acres. Existing- 7

Examination of structural safety in rehabilitation colonies guided by redevelopment/retrofitting/urban renewal

Will improve and minimize fire risk.

Coverage demarcation will enable for better service delivery

Sites to be allocated for development of additional fire stations.

Enforce building bye laws effectively.

Vulnerability Mapping

Existing Scenario: • 7 fire stations existing in the area. • 1 fire station available for every 2,00,000 persons in the city. • RCC bands required for structural safety during quakes not

provided.

Contributing Factors:• Disaster in industries due to

fire.• Earthquake-prone area• Congested residential areas in

the inner city.

Issues: • 2 additional fire stations

required as per holding capacity of the area.

• Strategy for structural safety not present

DISASTER RESILLIENCE: FIRE SAFETY AND STRUCTURAL SAFETYFire Safety Provisions as per Draft CMP-2031




DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31

S.No Master Plan Provisions

Effectiveness of Provisions Recommendations

1.

2.3.

4.

5.

Widening of Road

Provide green bufferConstruction of Metro (37KM)Cycle tracks

By-Pass

Almost reached max. road wideningUnder threatWill only help during peak hoursProblems at existing places which have provisionsWill avoid through traffic

Improving design component at roundabouts will reduce accidents.

Priority between non-motorised and motorized has to be set & pedestrian safety measures

Promote Public Transport

Existing Scenario: • The original plan of the city was based on the gridiron

defined by a system of seven types of roads, which was called the 7Vs.

• V/C Ratio around 0.8, where at Madhya Marg it’s as high as 1.1, while it can be as low as 0.3 in outskirts.

• No. of road accidents increased from 798 in 2006-07 to 1094 in 2008-09

Contributing Factors: High per capita income Inter-city trafficThrough Traffic

Issues: Priority of High Speed corridor compromise the road safetyIncomplete facilities for non motorised vehicles

MapROAD SAFETY: SAFE CITY PARAMETER WISE REVIEW

PLAN P1

: ORIGINAL CIRCULATION NETWORK AND TRANSPORTATION N

ODES

RAILWAY STATION

TO MULLANPUR

BSSECTOR-17

AIRPORT

TO

AMBALA

TOM

ORI

NDAISBT,

SECTOR 43

Traffic & Road as per Draft CMP-2031




DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31SAFE CITY INITIATIVES- PROPOSALS & STRATEGIES

Features/ Components of Safe City Initiative

http://www.scopussecurity.com/areasofoperation.php?id


DISASTERS RESILENCE MANAGEMENT – PROPOSALS & STRATEGIES



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31

Disaster Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery

Flooding Improved storm drainage,data on precipitationMaintenance of drainage system

• Emergency warning•Communication• Training in disaster management•Stocks of supplies and equipment

Rescue and Relief –Police, Fire fighters ambulance crew Search and rescue, relief

Rehabilitation of infrastructure, buildings and property

Earthquake Survey & identification of vulnerable buildings.Compliance with building code

Similar to above Similar to above

Similar to above

Building Collapse/ Fires

Periodic surveys, repairs reconstruction

Similar to above Local government staff, Repair Board

Similar to above


DISASTERS RESILENCE MANAGEMENT – PROPOSALS & STRATEGIES



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31

Disaster Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery

Terrorism Surveillance and Intelligence

• Emergency warning•Communication• Training • Stocks of supplies and equipment

Police, Commandofirefighters, ambulance crew.Overpower Terrorists, Search, rescue, relief

Reinstatement of infrastructure and property.

Hazardous material

Regulating manufacturing storage and transport.

Similar to above Police,fire fighters


POLICY RECOMMENDATION & TOOLS, TECHNIQUES



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31

• Participatory Risk Mapping

• Open ended interview with key

informants

• Group discussion

• Town watching & identification

of micro hotspots on map.

• Observation & mapping of

activity conflicts.

• Photography & visual

communication.

• Secondary data collection

techniques/ methods

POLICYCYCLE

IssueIdentification /

Knowledge Generation

ImpactAssessment

AgendaSetting

PolicyDesign

ImplementationMonitoring

Applied Tools & Techniques

Policy Level Recommendations Mechanism


SAFE CITIES BOTTOM-UP-APPROACH- STRATEGIES & AUDIO VISUAL



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31


ROLE OF PLANNER IN ENSURING SAFE CITIES



DRA

FT C

HAN

DIG

ARH

MAS

TER

PLAN

- 20

31Planner has the following roles that need to perform :

• Ensure development must be planned based on safer cities strategies & disaster resilience assessments,

• Empower community participation build local capacities and strengthen participation in planning and land use.

• Planner needs to understand the risk completely and facilitate:- Risk assessment; Risk communication and information; Risk reduction- Risk mapping: As aid to planning; Risk governance: Policies, programmes and

projects.• The vulnerabilities also need to be assessed and mapped just like risk.

• He needs to facilitate Integrated Disaster Management Plans (DMP) including 4Rs- Rescue; Relief; Reconstruction; Rehabilitation & SAFE CITY PLAN.

• Include safer cities & disaster Preparedness as part of Development Plans and master plans and prepare Pre-Disaster Mitigation programme.

• Make mandatory provision for including Certified planner as part of Drafting committee of DMPs, SOP( Standard Operating Procedure) and other plans for disaster risk management & safer cities strategies.

Master Plan Review - SPA Delhi

Education

Transcript of Master Plan Review - SPA Delhi