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Massage Practices -Revision

PRACTICAL

1. What can we do to keep hands fit for massage?- Self-massage at the MEDIAL & LATERAL EPICONDYLES of wrist flexors & extensions- Warm up before 1

st

massagestart at reasonable pace & build up- Resisted excise to build strength in hands and forearms

2. Why do we drape?- Protects clothing from the oil- Provides modesty- Provides security to client- Shows respect- Warmth

3. Why do we use supports?- Stabilize the client- Support the joints- Provide access to body part to be massaged

4. Name the supports used in prac? Prone supports- Face Supportstabilize & support neck, access to neck, decrease pressure on face- Thoracic SupportReduce pressure on larger breasted woman, supports people with rounded

shoulders

- Lumber supportReduce hyperlordosis, access to lower back- Ankle supportreduce palter flexion, support/stabilise foot

5. What are the benefits of stroking?- Introduces hands to client- Applies oil onto skin- Assess texture/temperature of underlying skin- Produces a reflective effect via the nervous system

Effleurage

- Prepares body for deeper strokes- Mechanical effect on venous & lymphatic return- Reduces oedema- Mechanically stretches muscle fibres

Kneading- Encourages peripheral blood flow, reducing oedema- Improves flexibility of muscle/reduce soft tissue adhesions- Relieve muscle pain/fatigue

Friction

- Separates fibres- Decrease adhesions/scar tissue formation- Improves functional ability- Increases local blood flow

Tapotement

- Stimulates nerve endings- Loosens mucus (cupping) improves respiratory /heart function- Improves blood flow in muscle locally

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HISTORY & PRINCIPLES OF MASSAGE

1. Define massage?Massage is the scientific and systematic manipulation of the soft tissues of the body for a

therapeutic purpose.

2. What is the difference between -Allopathic - Treats symptoms of the disease by use of drugs/surgerypractised by Medical Dr

Traditionaltraditional cultural systems of medicineChinese medicine, Ayurveda

Natural Medicinetreat the whole person, prevention better than cure

3. What is the difference between -AlternativeNatural medicine used in place of conventional medicine e.g. Chiropractic

ComplementaryNatural medicine used together with conventional medicine e.g. Acupuncture &

analgesic

Intergrativecombines treatments from conventional & natural medicineUsing

evidence/research4. How is chiropractic different from physiotherapy?

- Chiropractic/osteopathy share a philosophyintegrate the whole bodyinvolves spinalmanipulation

- Physiotherapy treats only the affected area5. Why is China important in the history of massage?

- Earliest mention of massage in a book6. Who were important people in ancient

GreeceAESCLEPIUSMYTHICAL God of healing

HERODICUSfounded medical gymnasium, prescribed baths, exercise, & massageHIPPOCRATIESfather of medicine, Hippocratic oath, defined medicine as art of rubbing

RomeCELSUSwrote De Mediciniencyclopaedia of medicine

GALENphysician to gladiators, wrote over 600 books

7. Why are AMBROSE PARE & JOHANN MEZGER important?PareFrench surgeon/barberused massage to help healing after surgery

Mezgerintroduced the terms effleurage, petrissage, Tapotement

8. Who started the Swedish Movement Cure?- Henrik LingSwedish fencing master developed Swedish movement cure to treat injuries,

consisted of

- Active & passive movements & exercises9. Modern massage techniques include Esalen, Rolfing, and Feldenkrais. Describe them.

Esalen- gentle rocking

Rolfingmanipulation of muscle fascia to correct soft tissue fixationsmove better, gain height

FeldenkraisIncreases awareness of the body & its movementsreduce pain/limitations in

movement

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CONTRAINDICATIONS

1. What are 3 major limitations to your practise as massage therapists?- Cannot diagnose disease or illness- Cannot prescribe medication, herbs or vitamins- No manipulation of the spine or joints

2. In what situations would you not massage a client at all & refer them to a Dr?- Abnormal body temperature- Skin disorders- Oedema- Circulatory disorders- Intoxication

3. In what situations could you massage a person but with caution?- Anticoagulantsblood thinners- Anti-inflammatorynurofen, cortisone- Anorexia

4. In what situations could you massage a person but avoid the affected area/work proximal?- Varicose veinsproximal- Hematomabruisingproximal

5. We do not massage over sites of endangerment Why?- Because of blood vessels & nerves that may be affected

6. What are the main sites of endangerment that we need to be aware of?- Anterior neckAnterior triangle of the neck- Cubital fossa of elbow- Breast tissue- Umbilicus- Axilla- Kidneys

BOUNDARIES & COMMUNICATION

1. What is Proxemics?- Study of how people use physical space in interpersonal relationships.- Public zone, social zone, personal zone, intimate zone

2. What is meant by -Power differentialPractitioner has balance of power i.e. Practitioner/client

Dual relationshipsWhen a client is a friend, co-worker, associate

TransferenceClient unconsciously projects their personal feelings onto therapist i.e. gifts

CountertransferenceWhen therapist responds to the projected feelings of the client

3. How important is body language in communication?Body language is very important as it is 60% of all communicationposture, eye contact, facial

- expression, gestures, appearance4. Who is responsible for setting boundaries in the professional relationship?

- The therapist/practitioner is responsible for maintain boundaries

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BENEFITS OF MASSAGE

1. James Mennell (physo) described mechanical & reflex effects of massage. What did he mean? Give3 exapmles

- Mechanical- Direct effectshands cause a change in structure being massagedFriction warming, return of Venus blood & lymph to heart, improvement of circulation

Reflexinvoluntary response to stimulus (indirect)

Increased relaxation, reduced pain, limbic system (emotions) affected2. Massage technique can stimulate the Para-sympathetic NS & the Sympathetic NS how?

- PARA SNSstroking, slow movement- SNSTapotement, deep movements- Rate, rhythm, pressure

3. What hormones are released in stress?- Adrenalin, cortisol

What part of the autonomic NS is activated in Fight & Flight?

Sympathetic NS - stress

Rest and digest

Parasympathetic NSrelaxation and restorative responses

4. What are 2 main benefits of massage to the circulatory system?- Moves blood towards heart- Brings oxygen & nutrients to massaged area

Muscular system?

- Increases resting length of muscle- Removes waste products from tissues e.g. lactic acid

Integumentary system?

- Removes dead skin cells- Improves circulation to skin

Nervouse system?

- Increase mental alertness- Promotes relaxation & improved sleep

INFECTION CONTROL

1. What type of infection can be transmitted by direct contact in the massage situation?- Conjunctivitis- Head lice - tinea- Ringworm- Cold sores

2. What are standard precautions? What does it apply to? Who does it apply to?- Standard precautions that must be taken when cleaning up body spills- Standard precautions apply to everybody regardless of diagnosis or presumed infectious state- Blood, all body secretions (not sweat)- Non intact skin- Mucous membranes

3. What is the difference between- Sanitationsoaps. Detergents & water- DisinfectionChlorine bleach, kills 99.9% pathogensHospital grade- Sterilisation - Destroys all living organismsautoclave & radiation

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4. How do you maintain good hygiene practices in your clinic?- Clean the equipmenttrolley, oil bottles etc.- Change linens after each client- Wash hands before & after each client- Keep floors vacuumed

MASSAGE ENVIRONMENT

1. When buying a massage table you need to decide on portable/stationary height & width, whatelse?

- How well is it designed- How long is the guarantee & what is covered- Costs involved if table needs servicing- Safe working loadweight considerations

2. What causes rancidity in oils?- Decomposition of oils- Exposure to heat, light & oxygen

3. What are the benefits/disadvantages ofVegetable oilsAdvantagespenetrate skin epidermis, nourish, soften & moisturise skin, contain

vitamins A, D & E

DisadvantagesBecome rancid easily, Stain more than mineral oils

Mineral OilsAdvantagesCheap, doesnt stain, doesnt go rancid

DisadvantagesProlonged use dries skin, block pores, Water resistant film over skin

LotionsAdvantagesless staining, lighter, less greasy

Disadvantagestoo easily absorbed, expensive, needs constant reapplication

BalmsAdvantagesAbsorb into skin readily, essential oils have therapeutic benefit, dont stain

DisadvantagesExpensive, greasy

4. Where do essential oils come from? Examples- Come from various parts of a plant- E.g. Lavender = flower, Peppermint = leaves, Eucalyptus = leaf

THERAPISTS RESPONSABILTIES/CLIENT NEEDS

1. What is needed for consent to be valid?- Must be given voluntarily- Client must be informed- Client has legal capacity- Guardian consent required where client does not have legal capacity

CONSENT CAN BE;

- Verbal, implied, written2. What is done to maintain confidentiality of clients information?

-Clients information, both written & verbal belongs to client

-Consent to collecting health information

- Securing & storing information

- Clients rights to access records

- What to consider before passing health information on to others