Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Managemen€¦ · Cradle to Cradle Cradle to...

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Design for Environment Prof. Steven Eppinger Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management in collaboration with Michael Baeriswyl, ETH Zürich

Transcript of Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Managemen€¦ · Cradle to Cradle Cradle to...

Page 1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Managemen€¦ · Cradle to Cradle Cradle to Cradle (C2C) is a DFE method emphasizing renewable resources and sustainable life

Design for Environment

Prof. Steven Eppinger Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Sloan School of Management

in collaboration with Michael Baeriswyl, ETH Zürich

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Patagonia Fleece !"#$%%&#'()(*+",(#-./(0.#)1.#234)#/+05("6#)+#(7+5)#5+4)8/+"490.3#3./6/:.7#;../.#,")+#)1.,3#53+79/)#:,".<#

=3+0#&>?@@#3./6/:.7#A8:,).3#-.B.3(*.#-+C:.4>#'()(*+",(#/("#0(D.#$E@#*(30.")4<#

F1,4#4(B.4#(#-(33.:#+G#+,:#("7#(B+,74#(553+H,0().:6#1(:G#(#)+"#+G#)+H,/#(,3#.0,44,+"4<#

www.patagonia.com!

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Peter Opsvik (for Stokke) designed the Tripp Trapp chair to grow with the child. The same chair can be used for children from 0 to 15 years, greatly increasing the effective lifetime of the chair. The award winning Tripp Trapp highchair was launched by Stokke in 1972.

www.stokke.com

Stokke Tripp Trapp Chair

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Dunlop Recycled Wellington Boots Dunlop Wellington boots are made from polyurethane, PVC, and rubber.

Dunlop developed a line of recycled boots.

Dunlop takes back used Wellingtons from customers.

The old boots are ground into small pieces and re-manufactured into new boots.

Source: www.biothinking.com

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Freitag Bags

Freitag reuses •  truck tarps •  inner tubes • seat belts

www.freitag.ch

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Environmental Impacts

Water pollution

Solid waste Global Warming Resource depletion

Air pollution Land degradation

www.buildbabybuild.com www.flickr.com Ben Rad www.wonkroom.thinkprogress.org

www.co.rockingham.nc.us commons.wikimedia.org www.adb.org

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a legacy problem?

a materials problem?

a solvable problem?

YES!

Is this …

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Design for Environment (DFE)

Design for Environment (DFE) is a method to minimize or eliminate environmental impacts of a product over its life cycle.

Effective DFE practice maintains or improves product quality and cost while reducing environmental impacts.

DFE expands the traditional manufacturer’s focus on the production and distribution of its products to a fully closed life cycle.

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Cradle to Cradle Cradle to Cradle (C2C) is a DFE method emphasizing renewable resources and sustainable life cycles.

William McDonough and Michael Braungart, Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things, 2002.

McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry (MBDC) works with companies to select the safest materials for product design.

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Life Cycles

Recovery

Materials Production

Distribution

Use Deposit

Resources Post-consumer

Recycling Remanufacturing

Reuse

Natural Decay

Natural “Bio”

Life Cycle

Industrial “Product” Life Cycle

Disposal

Post-industrial Recycling

Extraction

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Life Cycles

Environmental Toxins

Non-Renewable Resources

Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy

Recovery

Materials Production

Distribution

Use Deposit

Resources Post-consumer

Recycling Remanufacturing

Reuse

Natural Decay

Natural “Bio”

Life Cycle

Product “Industrial” Life Cycle

Disposal

Post-industrial Recycling

Extraction

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“Conditions” for Sustainability

•  Consider the earth as a closed system with limited solar input and natural bio cycles.

•  Solar energy and other renewable fuels are sustainable energy sources.

•  Resource usage must balance to the rate the earth creates each resource (even the rate at which the earth creates fossil fuels).

•  Toxic wastes, heavy metals, radiation, and other “molecular garbage” must be eliminated because they are not part of the bio cycle.

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New Textbook Chapter forthcoming in PDD 5th edition, 2011

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Planning

Product Development Process

Concept Development

System-Level Design

Detail Design

Testing and Refinement

Production Ramp-Up

How can we understand and eliminate environmental impact of products

during the product development process?

Assess Impacts and Refine Designs

Set DFE Goals

DFE and Material Guidelines

Improve DFE Process

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DFE Process

Detail Design Compare to

DFE Goals

Concept Development

System-Level Design

Product Planning 1. Set DFE Agenda

3. Select Material and DFE Guidelines

2. Identify Potential Environmental Impacts

5. Assess Environmental Impact

4. Apply DFE Guidelines to Initial Designs

N

7. Reflect on DFE Process and Results

6. Refine Design

Y Process Improvement

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Life Cycle Impacts

Materials Production Distribution Use Recovery

Materials-Intensive Product Impact

Materials Production Distribution Use Recovery

Use-Intensive Product Impact

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DFE and Material Guidelines Example DFE Guidelines •  Do not combine materials

incompatible in recycling •  Label all component

materials for recycling •  Enable easy disassembly

into separate material recycling streams

•  Use no surface treatments •  Eliminate packaging •  Reduce weight and size for

shipping

Example Material Guidelines •  Use recycled and recyclable

industrial materials •  Use natural materials which

can be returned to biological decay cycles

•  Use processes which do not release toxic materials

•  Capture and reuse all hazardous materials

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Herman Miller

Aeron, 1994 Mirra, 2004 Setu, 2009

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Herman Miller’s Environmental Goals Perfect Vision 2020

•  Zero landfill •  Zero hazardous waste generation •  Zero air emissions (VOC) •  Zero process water use •  100% green electrical energy use •  100% of sales from DfE products •  Company buildings constructed to a

minimum LEED Silver certification

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Setu Spine

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Setu Spine Development

Studio 7.5, Berlin

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Herman Miller Setu Multipurpose Chair

•  Environmentally friendly and non-toxic materials –  41% aluminum, 41% polypropylene, 18% steel, by weight

•  Recycled materials –  44% by weight - 23% post-consumer, 21% post-industrial

•  Less material content –  20 lbs lighter than most task chairs

•  Easy to disassemble –  86% easily separable materials

•  Recyclable –  92% by weight

•  Production line uses 100% green power •  No air or water emissions released in production •  Returnable and recyclable packaging

Source: Herman Miller, Inc.

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Herman Miller DFE Assessment Method

Material Chemistry (33.3%)

Recycled Content (8.4%)

Disassembly (33.3%)

Recyclability (25.0%)

Safest Low Hazard Uncertain High Hazard

Separation Time (30 sec) Tools (common) Labeling

Post-consumer Post-industrial Virgin Material

Up-cycle Down-cycle Not feasible

Ref: Rossi, Charon, Wing, and Ewell, “Incorporating Cradle-to-Cradle Design into Herman Miller Products”, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2006.

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Better Packaging for Puma: Clever Little Bag

•  Fuseproject created new environmentally friendly packaging for Puma shoes

•  65% less cardboard than standard box •  No laminated printing, no tissue paper •  Takes up less space •  Weighs less in shipping •  The bag is made of recycled PET, and is

also recyclable •  Replaces the plastic retail bag •  Puma plans to start shipping in 2011

www.fuseproject.com

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Final Message on Green Design

•  This is hard. •  This is important. •  This is our responsibility. •  This is a great opportunity…

–  for businesses and entrepreneurs –  for scientists, engineers, and designers

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Thank you

Please email comments and suggestions to [email protected]

Draft textbook chapter available upon request