SUBMITTED TO:Prof. H. Ramananda Singh M.Sc. , MBA, PGDCA, Ph.D.

SUBMITTED BY:Biswajit Bhattacharjee (19)

MASLOWS’ NEED HIERARCHY OF MOTIVATION

Key Elements

1. Intensity: how hard a person tries

2. Direction: toward beneficial goal

3. Persistence: how long a person tries

Key Elements

1. Intensity: how hard a person tries

2. Direction: toward beneficial goal

3. Persistence: how long a person tries

Motivation

The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.

What is Motivation?

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

Humanistic-Existential ParadigmSelf-actualization Theory

ABRAHAM MASLOWTheory of Human Motivation

INTRODUCTION:The basis of Maslow's theory is that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs "deficiency needs." As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy, while preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly.

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy

• Maslow’s theory assumes that a person attempts to satisfy the more basic needs before directing behavior toward satisfying upper-level needs.

• Lower-order needs must be satisfied before a higher-order need begins to control a person’s behavior.

• A satisfied need ceases to motivate.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

MOST NEEDS HAVE TO DO WITHSURVIVAL PHYSICALLY AND

PSYCHOLOGICALLY

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

ON THE WHOLE AN INDIVIDUALCANNOT SATISFY ANY LEVELUNLESS NEEDS BELOW ARE

SATISFIED

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

ESTEEM NEEDS

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

NEEDFOR

MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR SELF ACTUALIZATION IS

A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S PRIMEMOTIVATION

Physiological Needs

Physiological needs are those required to sustain life, such as:– Air – Water – Food – Sleep

Safety Needs Once physiological needs are met, one's attention turns to

safety and security in order to be free from the threat of physical and emotional harm. Such needs might be fulfilled by:– Living in a safe area – Medical insurance – Job security – Financial reserves

Social Needs Once a person has met the lower level physiological

and safety needs, higher level needs awaken. The first level of higher level needs are social needs.

Social needs are those related to interaction with others and may include:– Friendship – Belonging to a group – Giving and receiving love

Esteem Needs

Once a person feels a sense of "belonging", the need to feel important arises. Esteem needs may be classified as internal or external.

Internal esteem needs are those related to self-esteem such as self respect and achievement

External esteem needs are those such as social status and recognition. Some esteem needs are: – Self-respect – Achievement – Attention – Recognition – Reputation

Self-Actualization

Self-actualization is the summit of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It is the quest of reaching one's full potential as a person.

Self-actualized people tend to have needs such as:– Truth – Justice – Wisdom – Meaning

The Criticisms of the theory include the following

• The needs may not follow a definite hierarchical order. For example, even if safety need is not satisfied, the social need may emerge.

• The need priority model may not apply at all times in all places.

• The level of motivation may be permanently lower for some people. For example, a person suffering from chronic unemployment may remain satisfied for the rest of his life if only he get enough food.

Thank you