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Santiago and Rinkesh

MASLOW THEORY AND HERZBERG THEORY

Maslow theory:

In 1943, Maslow wrote a seminal paper about five basic types of human need, all of

which can be identified as drivers of behavior. Each individuals personal situations willnaturally force them to focus on their immediate needs and it is their requirements that

are the basis of human motivation. The significance of Maslow theory is that he ranked

these in a hierarchy, stating that the basest needs have to be satisfied before an individual

could progress to focusing the needs of the next type.

Physiological needs

This covers the function, comfort and maintenance our body in maintenance level. Our

primitive survival requirements of air, food, drink, heat, shelter, sleep, light, water,health, etc.

If these fundamental needs are not satisfied then one will surely be motivated to satisfy

them. Higher needs such as social needs and esteem are not recognized until one satisfiesthe needs basic to existence.

Safety needs

When all our physiological needs are satisfied and we are no longer controlling thoughts

and behaviors, the needs for security can become active. Adults have little awareness oftheir security needs except in times of emergency or periods of disorganization in the

social structure (such as widespread rioting). Children often display the signs of

insecurity and the need to be safe.The term Safety here refers not just to our own physical safety and protection from harm

but also to our continued well-being. Financial security (employment, pension, and

savings) as well as insurance, access to medical help, law and order, limits, stability all

the infrastructure that keeps us secure. Those are the securities a man will look for oncehis physiological need is fulfilled

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Belonging needs

When the needs for safety and for physiological well-being are satisfied, the next class ofneeds for love, affection and belongingness can emerge. Maslow states that people seek

to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation. This involves both giving and

receiving love, affection and the sense of belonging like family, friends, relationships,love, acceptance, teams, a social life and society generally.

Esteem needs

When the first three classes of needs are satisfied, the needs for esteem can become

dominant. These involve needs for both self-esteem and for the esteem a person gets fromothers. Humans have a need for a stable, firmly based, high level of self-respect, and

respect from others. When these needs are satisfied, the person feels self-confident and

valuable as a person in the world. When these needs are frustrated, the person feels

inferior, weak, helpless and worthless.In this stage, they recognize that they need the status, power, prestige, acknowledgement,

respect, responsibility, mastery or dominance. All these are the attributes that elevateindividuals in some way, which will make them in a higher position in a social group.

Self-actualization needs

When all of the foregoing needs are satisfied, then and only then are the needs for self-

actualization activated. Maslow describes self-actualization as a person's need to be anddo that which the person was "born to do." "A musician must make music, an artist must

paint, and a poet must write." These needs make themselves felt in signs of restlessness.

The person feels on edge, tense, lacking something, in short, restless. If a person ishungry, unsafe, not loved or accepted, or lacking self-esteem, it is very easy to know

what the person is restless about. It is not always clear what a person wants when there is

a need for self-actualization.Abraham Maslow felt that human needs were arranged in a hierarchical order (Maslow,

1954). He based his theory on healthy, creative people who used all their talents,

potential, and capabilities. At the time, this methodology differed from most other

psychological research in that it was based on observing disturbed people.

Herzberg theory of motivation:

Herzberg, a psychologist, proposed a theory that was in regards to how job factors thatmotivate the employees.

His work focused on the individual in the workplace and emphasized the importance of

management knowledge and expertise for increasing employee productivity.Rationally his work has been regarded as a necessity, rather than a potential motivator...

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He concluded that such factors as company policy, supervision, interpersonal relations,

working conditions, and salary are hygiene factors rather than motivators. According to

the theory, the absence of hygiene factors can create job dissatisfaction, but theirpresence does not motivate or create satisfaction.

The term hygiene here refers to things like physical working conditions I, supervisorpolicies, labor management relations, wages etc. these factors are essentially preventative

actions taken to remove sources of dissatisfaction from the environment. When these

factors are deficient, employees are quite likely to be unhappy and express theirdispleasure. Even though these hygiene factors cannot motivate, they are a responsibility

of the management which cannot be avoided.

Herzberg recommends job enrichment as a means of introducing more effectivemotivation into jobs. Job enrichment is the deliberate enlargement of responsibility,

scope and challenge. Job rotation is the movement of an individual from job to job

without necessarily increasing responsibility at all. Job rotation is unsatisfactory as a

motivating tool.

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There are few differences between two theories. They are

In Maslows theory there is hierarchy of needs that starts from physiological toself; actualization and its kind of one way but in the Herzbergs model the factors

do not have any order they may get satisfied with any order.

In Maslows theory remuneration is motivator if it satisfies needs but it is not so

in the other theory

Maslow theory has a wide approach but Herzberg theory considers only the

work situations

Maslows theory is applicable to all types of jobs but Herzberg theory is onlymeant for staff and managerial jobs.

Maslow says that each stage of the 5 must be fully or largely completed before

advancing to the next stage. However, Herzberg suggested that there were only 2

stages (hygiene and motivators) instead of 5. and its a different scenario

Maslow said that fulfilling each stage is a motivator; however Herzberg said that

fulfilling the hygiene stage only results in an employee being in neutral state and

that satisfaction and motivation only comes from the motivator stage.