Masalah ekonomi.ppt

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2 - 1Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2002

The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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End

Show

The

Economi"in#

Pro$lem%C & ' P T E (


2/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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End

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T&E F)U*'T+) )F

EC))M+CS

SOCIETY HAS VIRTUALLY

UNLIMITED WANTS...


3/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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BUT LIMITED OR SCARCE

PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES!

SOCIETY HAS VIRTUALLY

UNLIMITED WANTS...

T&E F)U*'T+) )F

EC))M+CS


4/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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G))*S SE(-+CES P()-+*E...

UTILITY


5/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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LUXURIES

G))*S SE(-+CES P()-+*E...

UTILITY


6/50


7/502 - 7

Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2002

The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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End

Show

PROPERTY RESOURCES

LAND

SC'(CE (ES)U(CES

ECONOMIC RESOURCES


8/50


9/502 -

Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2002

The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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End

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PROPERTY RESOURCES

LAND

CAPITAL

SC'(CE (ES)U(CES

ECONOMIC RESOURCES

Notes...

INVESTMENT

FINANCIALCAPITAL

REALCAPITAL


10/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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End

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PROPERTY RESOURCES

LAND

CAPITAL

HUMAN RESOURCES

SC'(CE (ES)U(CES

ECONOMIC RESOURCES


11/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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End

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PROPERTY RESOURCES

LAND

CAPITAL

HUMAN RESOURCESLABOR

SC'(CE (ES)U(CES

ECONOMIC RESOURCES


12/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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PROPERTY RESOURCES

LAND

CAPITAL

HUMAN RESOURCESLABOR

ENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITY

SC'(CE (ES)U(CES

ECONOMIC RESOURCES

A/K/AFactors

Of

Pro!ct"o#


13/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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ET(EP(EEU(+'/

'0+/+T1

Ta2es The +nitiative

Ma2es Policy *ecisions

+nnovator

The (is2 0earer


14/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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(ES)U(CE P'1METS

RENTAL

INCOME

INTERESTINCOME

WAGES

PROFIT &

LOSS

PROPERTY RESOURCES

LAND

CAPITAL

HUMAN RESOURCES

LABOR

ENTREPRENEUR


15/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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Productive Efficiency

Full Employment

Full Production

'llocative Efficiency

EC))M+CS EFF+C+EC1


16/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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P()*UCT+) P)SS+0+/+T+ES

Assumes...Efficiency

Fi!ed (esources

Fi!ed Technolo#yTwo Products

for exam


17/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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Fi!ed (esources


for exam

P+33'

A Consumer Good


18/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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End

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Fi!ed (esources


for exam

()0)

T'(MS

A Capital Good


19/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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End

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Using all o o" "eso"#es$ toget so%e &i''a$ (e %st gi)e

& so%e "o*ot a"%s!

for example

What if we could only p$%&%%% Ro'ot Ar(s

o"

)%%&%%% P"**as



20/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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PI++A % $ , - )+in ,n-"e- t,osan-s

Ro'ots $% ) %+in t,osan-s

in table form



21/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

Show

PI++A % $ , - )+in ,n-"e- t,osan-s


in table form

graphical form

Ro'

ots

0t1o!s

a#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2



22/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

Slide

End

Show

PI++A % $ , - )+in ,n-"e- t,osan-s


in table form

graphical form

Ro'

ots

0t1o!s

a#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2



23/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

Slide

End

Show

PI++A % $ , - )+in ,n-"e- t,osan-s


in table form

graphical form

Ro'

ots

0t1o!s

a#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2



24/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

Slide

End

Show

PI++A % $ , - )+in ,n-"e- t,osan-s


in table form

graphical form

Ro'

ots

0t1o!s

a#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2



25/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

Slide

End

Show

PI++A % $ , - )+in ,n-"e- t,osan-s


in table form

graphical form

Ro'

ots

0t1o!s

a#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2



26/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

Slide

End

Show

PI++A % $ , - )+in ,n-"e- t,osan-s


in table form

graphical form

Ro'

ots

0t1o!s

a#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2



27/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment and

Efficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

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At an/ &oint in ti%e$

a ll0e%&lo/%ent$ ll0&"o-#tion e#ono%/

%st sa#"ii#e so%e o&"o-#t1to o*tain

%o"e o &"o-#t Y.


Limited Resourca limited output.


28/50


The Foundation

of Economics

Employment andEfficiency

Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

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4

44

Ro'

ots0t1o!sa#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2

$)$-$,$$$%567)

-,$

$ , - ) 7 6 5

A B

C

D

E

8

Attaina*le

*tInei#ient

Unattaina*le

Attaina*le

2 Ei#ient

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29/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

Slide

End

Show

4

4

Ro'

ots0t1o!sa#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2

$)$-$,$$$%567)

-,$

$ , - ) 7 6 5

A B

C

D

E

8

Attaina*le

*tInei#ient

Unattaina*le

Attaina*le

2 Ei#ient


Not3s...

T,e a%ont o ot,e"

&"o-#ts t,at %st *eo"gone o" sa#"ii#e- to

o*tain 3 nit o a s&e#ii#

&"o-#t is #alle- t,e

o&&o"tnit/ #osto t,atgoo-.

LAW O4 INCREASIN5

OPPORTUNITY COSTS
http://www.mhhe.com/cgi-bin/mcbrue15.pl?url=origin2-3http://www.mhhe.com/cgi-bin/mcbrue15.pl?url=origin2-3


30/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

Show

44

44

Ro'

ots

Ro'

ots0t1o!sa#s2

0t1o!sa#s2

P"**asP"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s201!#r3 t1o!sa#s2

$)$)$-$-

$,$,

$$$$

$%$%

55

66

77

))

--,,

$$

$ , - ) 7 6 5$ , - ) 7 6 5

A B

C

D

E

8

Attaina*le

*tInei#ient

Unattaina*leUnattaina*le

Attaina*leAttaina*le

2 Ei#ient2 Ei#ient


Not3s...LAW O4 INCREASIN5

OPPORTUNITY COSTSA g"a&, o t,e &"o-#tion

&ossi*ilities #")e (ill *eCONCAVE0 *o(e- ot "o%

t,e o"igin.

E#ono%i# "eso"#es a"enot #o%&letel/ a-a&t0

a*le to ot,e" ses.


31/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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End

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P

4Mar9"#

a:B3#3f"t;

Cost

4!a#t"t< of P"**as

=$7

$%

7

$ , -


MC

MB

Allocative Efficiency: MB=MC

MB>MC


32/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

Show

4

4

Ro'

ots0t1o!sa#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2

$)$-$,$$$%567)

-,$

$ , - ) 7 6 5

U

Une%&lo/%ent 2Un-e"e%&lo/%ent

S,o(n */ Point U

Mo"e o eit,e" o"

*ot, is &ossi*le



33/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

Slide

End

Show

4

4

Ro'

ots0t1o!sa#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2

$)$-$,$$$%567)

-,$

$ , - ) 7 6 5

U


S,o(n */ Point U

Mo"e o eit,e" o"

*ot, is &ossi*le


Not3s...E#ono%i# 5"o(t,

T13 a'":"t< to ?ro!c3

a :ar93r tota: o!t?!t @a r"91tar s1"ft oft13 ?ro!ct"o#?oss"'":"t"3s c!rv3

ca!s3 '


34/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

Slide

End

Show

4

4

Ro'

ots0t1o!sa#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2

$)$-$,$$$%567)

-,$

$ , - ) 7 6 5

U


S,o(n */ Point U

Mo"e o eit,e" o"

*ot, is &ossi*le


Not3s...E#ono%i# 5"o(t,$ @ I#cr3as3s "#

r3so!rc3s @

, @ B3tt3r r3so!rc3!a:"t< @

- T3c1#o:o9"ca:ava#c3s


35/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

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EconomicGrowth

4

4

Ro'

ots0t1o!sa#s2

P"**as 01!#r3 t1o!sa#s2

$)$-$,$$$%567)

-,$

$ , - ) 7 6 5

A

B

C

D

E



36/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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Two Examples ofEconomic GrowthFAVORINPRESENT OODS

5oo-s o" t,e P"esent5oo-so

"t,e4!t!"e

5oo-so

"t,e4!t!"e CURRENT

CURVE

4UTURE

CURVE

CONSUMPTION



37/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

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Two Examples ofEconomic GrowthFAVORINPRESENT OODS

FAVORINFUTURE OODS

5oo-s o" t,e P"esent

5oo-so

"t,e4!t!"e CURRENT

CURVE

4UTURE

CURVE

CONSUMPTION

5oo-s o" t,e P"esent5oo-so

"t,e4!t!"e

4UTURE

CURVE

CONSUMPTION

CURRENT

CURVE

http://www.mhhe.com/cgi-bin/mcbrue15.pl?url=origin2-4


38/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

Show

Applications... Une%&lo/%ent an-P"o-#ti)e Inei#ien#/



39/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

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End

Show


T"a-eos an-

O&&o"tnit/ Costs



40/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

Show


T"a-eos an-

O&&o"tnit/ Costs

S,its an- t,e P"o-#tionPossi*ilities C")e



41/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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End

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EC))M+C S1STEMS

THE MAR6ET SYSTEMP"e Ca&italis%

Laisse'0ai"e


42/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

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EC))M+C S1STEMS

THE MAR6ET SYSTEMP"e Ca&italis%

Laisse'0ai"e

THE COMMAND SYSTEM

So#ialis%Co%%nis%

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/


43/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

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C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/

BUSINESSES OUSEOLDS

RESOURCEMARKET

PRODUCTMARKET

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/


44/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

Show

BUSINESSES OUSEOLDS

RESOURCEMARKET

RESOURCES INPUTS

PRODUCTMARKET

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/


45/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

Show

BUSINESSES OUSEOLDS

RESOURCEMARKET

RESOURCES INPUTS

= COSTS = INCOMES

OODS ;OODS ;SERVICESSERVICES

OODS ;OODS ;SERVICESSERVICES

PRODUCTMARKET

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/


46/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

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End

Show

BUSINESSES OUSEOLDS

RESOURCEMARKET

RESOURCES INPUTS

= COSTS = INCOMES

PRODUCTMARKET

OODS ;SERVICES

OODS ;SERVICES

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/


47/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

Slide

e!t

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End

Show

BUSINESSES OUSEOLDS

RESOURCEMARKET

RESOURCES INPUTS

= COSTS = INCOMES

PRODUCTMARKET

OODS ;SERVICES

OODS ;SERVICES

= CONSUMPTION= REVENUE

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/


48/50


The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

Show

C+(CU/'( F/)4 M)*E/

BUSINESSES OUSEOLDS

RESOURCEMARKET

RESOURCES INPUTS

= COSTS = INCOMES

PRODUCTMARKET

OODS ;SERVICES

OODS ;SERVICES

= CONSUMPTION= REVENUE

Chapter

Conclusions


49/50

economizing problem

utility

economic resourceslan

capital

in!estment

laborentrepreneurial ability

"actors o" prouction

"ull employment"ull prouctionproucti!e e""iciencyallocati!e e""iciencyconsumer gooscapital goos

prouction possibilities table

prouction possibilities cur!e

opportunity costla# o" increasing opportunity

costs

economic gro#t$

economic system

mar%et system

capitalism

comman system

resource mar%et

prouct mar%et

circular "lo# moel

Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2002 BACK END
http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/%23Slide%2076http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/%23Slide%2076


50/50

The Foundation

of Economics


Unemployment,

Growth, and th

e Future

Economic Syst

ems

The Circular F

low Model

Key Terms

Previous

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e!t

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End

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INDIVIDUAL MARKETS

DEMAND 2 SUPPLY

C,a&te" 7

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