IMPLEMENTATION OF FISHERIES TRANSPARENCY IN

INDONESIA: CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES

MAS ACHMAD SANTOSA

Coordinator for Special Advisors

Presidential Task Force to Combat Illegal Fishing

(Task Force 115)

Member of FiTI International Advisory Group

Why Indonesia Needs Transparency?

Under 32 years of Soeharto’s regime, Indonesia sufferedauthoritarianism and obscurity. This situation pushed the society todemand for governance reform, democracy, and the rule of law.

Since post-reformasi, there has been a commitment to manageIndonesia’s natural resources based on good governance principleswhich includes transparency.

The political commitment for promoting good governance and rule of lawhave been reflected in various country’s official documents.

Why Fisheries Sector Needs Transparency?

Transparency is needed to ensure the Government of Indonesia visionsin achieving Global Maritime Nexus - sovereignty, sustainability andprosperity.

Transparency empowers coastal communities and small scale fishermento protect their source of livelihoods and combat IUUF.

Lack of transparency in fisheries sector (1) triggers unsustainable fisherymanagement practices and (2) causes loss of national revenues:

(1) Unaccountable fish stocks data leads to uncertain allocation forfishing. This will affects sustainable fishery management, as it createsoverfishing in several areas.

(2) Lack of fishery catches data and IUUF practices causes state loss.Potential state loss has been estimated at approximately USD 20 billionper year [Managing Director and Chief of Operating Officer of the World Bank (2015)].

(3) Lack of transparency will give leeway to public service corruption(illegal levy, extortion, bribery and illegal gratification)

Transparency Policies in Indonesia’s Fishery Sector

Fisheries Law

(Law 45/2009)

Fisheries management is based on transparency principle [Art. 2]

Fisheries management is developed based on public aspirations andpublic access to information [Art. 2]

Ministerial Regulation on the Guidelines to

Develop Capture Fish Management

(Ministerial Regulation No.

29/2012)

Capture fish management is developed through public consultation (inc. respect for local wisdom and custom based on society’s right) [Art. 13]

Capture fish management includes data collection, fish stocks estimation and allocation of fishery potential [Art. 3]

Public Information Disclosure Act

(Law 14/2008)

Article 2:

1. [Para 1] Everyone can access;

2. [Para 2] Exemption could be applied in strict andlimited manner;

3. [Para 3] The information should be provided in accordance with the principles of speed, timeliness, economical efficiency andaccessibility.

4. [Para 4] Exemption should be based on consequential harm and balancing of public interest tests

Indonesia’s Transparency Initiatives

Public Agency is obliged to supply Public Information at any time (Law 14/2008 Art.

11 (1))

List of license holders, vessels permitted to fish, terms of license (duration, gear type)

published in SIPEPI (Fish Catches License

Information System)

Fish stocks (Ministerial Regulation 47/2016)

Quantity of catches, export-import of fisheries products, etc published in “Marine and Fisheries in Figures 2015” (annual publication)

Online Business Administration Service System (it provides information/data related to

legal entities)

Tariff (inc. method to calculate the tariff) for fishery license (Government

Regulation No. 19/2006 on Tariff on Non-Tax State Revenues on Fisheries Sector)

Certain information is exempted from being accessible (Law 14/2008

Art. 17)

Classification of exempted information (Ministerial Decree No.

81/2014)

Vessel’s Logbook data (Fishery Law Art.

46A)

Data’s collected by observers (Fishery

Law Art. 46A)

Company’s data related to fisheries license (Fishery Law Art. 46A)

Tax Payer’s Registration Number (Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak/NPWP)

Non-DisclosurePublic Disclosure

Indonesia’s Transparency Initiatives

Newly developed capture fisheries licensing information web-portal

Existing fisheries capture licensing information in the MMAF’s website

Public disclosure of the list of license holders, vessels permitted to fish, terms of

license (owner, name of vessel, vessel’s tonnage, duration, gear type, vessel’s country origin, base port)

Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Ikan Pelagis

Kecil

Ikan Pelagis

Besar Ikan Demersal Ikan Karang

Udang

Penaeid Lobster Kepiting Rajungan Cumi-cumi Jumlah

Sel

at

Mal

ak a WPP 571Potensi 79.008 101.969 102.751 119.756 58.910 711 11.120 3.065 7.125 484.414

JTB 63.206 81.575 82.201 95.805 47.128 569 8.896 2.452 5.700

Sam

uder

a

Hin

dia WPP 572

Potensi 412.945 364.830 366.066 48.098 8.249 1.297 11.582 955 14.579 1.228.601

JTB 330.356 291.864 292.853 38.478 6.599 1.037 9.265 764 11.663

WPP 573Potensi 294.092 505.942 103.501 8.778 6.854 844 465 659 8.195 929.330

JTB 235.274 404.754 82.801 7.022 5.483 675 372 527 6.556

Laut

Cin

a

Sel

a-

tan WPP 711

Potensi 395.451 198.994 400.517 24.300 78.005 979 502 9.437 35.155 1.143.341

JTB 316.361 159.195 320.414 19.440 62.404 784 402 7.550 28.124

Laut

Jaw

a

WPP 712Potensi 303.886 104.017 320.432 59.146 58.390 952 10.077 22.637 102.142 981.680

JTB 243.109 83.214 256.346 47.317 46.712 762 8.062 18.110 81.714

Sel

at

Mak

as

sar

-

Laut

Flo

res

WPP 713Potensi 104.546 419.342 77.238 365.420 37.268 1.020 5.016 6.740 10.010 1.026.599

JTB 83.637 335.474 61.790 292.336 29.814 816 4.013 5.392 8.008

Laut

Ban

da

WPP 714Potensi 116.516 43.062 99.800 164.165 2.252 155 1.151 2.180 1.788 431.069

JTB 93.213 34.450 79.840 131.332 1.802 124 921 1.744 1.430

Tel

uk

Tom

in

i - Laut

Ser

am WPP 715Potensi 378.734 51.394 114.005 69.975 6.089 710 490 643 9.664 631.703

JTB 302.987 41.115 91.204 55.980 4.871 568 392 515 7.731

Laut

Sul

a

wes

i

WPP 716Potensi 222.946 154.329 34.650 54.194 8.465 685 1.969 424 1.103 478.765

JTB 178.357 123.463 27.720 43.355 6.772 548 1.575 339 882

Sam

u

dera

Pas

ifik

WPP 717Potensi 391.126 56.067 111.619 32.376 8.669 1.065 620 22 2.124 603.688

JTB 312.901 44.854 89.295 25.901 6.935 852 496 18 1.699

Laut

Ara

fur

a -

Laut

Tim

or

WPP 718Potensi 823.328 489.795 586.277 30.555 53.502 386 1.507 1.911 5.470 1.992.730

JTB 658.662 391.836 469.022 24.444 42.802 309 1.205 1.529 4.376

Jumlah 3.522.577,50 2.489.741,00 2.316.856,00 976.763,00 326.651,96 8.803,43 44.498,88 48.673,42 197.355,00 9.931.920

Estimated Indonesia’s Fish Stock in 2016

“The government shall arrange and develop fisheries information system and statistics..” (Art. 46 (1) of Fisheries Law)

Ministerial Decree Number 47/2016 on Potential Estimation, Amount of Allowable Catch and Utilization Level of Fish Stock in Indonesian Fisheries Management Area (WPP-RI): 9.931.920 tonnes/year

Indonesia’s Transparency Initiatives

Public disclosure of quantity of catches, export-import offisheries products in “Marine and Fisheries in Figures2015”

Marine Capture Fisheries Production by Major Commodities, 2010-2015

Transparency in Human Rights Protection Policy in Fisheries Sector

Ministerial Guideline No. 35/2015 on the Human Rights Protection in the Fisheries

Business (launched on December 10th, 2015)

Government Policy: Findings of serious human rights violations as

fishery related crimes in Benjina and Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia

Indonesia guidelines on the Protection of Human Rights in the Fisheries Sector which include human rights policy, human rights due diligence, human rights traceability/certification, and human rights remediation

Access to (1) human rights due diligence results, (2) evaluation of the due diligence reports, and (3) company’s compliance related information based on the principles of transparency, accountability and participation as acknowledged by the Ministerial Guideline.

Challenges of Implementing Transparency

1. Lack of access

2. Availability of credible data

The Challenges to implement transparency in the public agencies comprise of two main issues:

• Inadequate information management system

• Hesitant approach of public officials towards transparency

Conclusions

Improvement of policies related to transparency, participation, and accountability, is in-line with the national policy of public information disclosure, open government, President Jokowi’spolitical platform (nawa cita).

The assurance of transparency, participatory, and accountability of related policies is adopted in the work improve fisheries business governance led by Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, which includes:

Improvement of vessel registration system;

Improvement of fishery license governance;

Improvement of surveillance system;

Inclusion of human rights protection;

Strengthening capacity of port state control;

Improvement of catch and trade reporting/documentation;

Comprehensive and integrated enforcement and compliance policy, which introduces multi-door approach;

State’s income optimalization.

Transparency is an important part of the policy pursuant to new paradigm of fishery management which embodies the principles of sovereignty, sustainability, prosperity and good governance.

FiTI can be a catalyst to enhance the development of transparency in fisheries around the world through its principles, standard and reporting system.

Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

Thank You