Mary ChiangB8

THE CARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM

HeartVeinsArteriesCapillaries

THE PARTS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

THE OUTSIDE OF THE HEART

1.Aorta2.Pulmonary

artery3.Pulmonary vein4.Coronary

arteries5.Vena cava

(superior)6.Vena cava

(inferior)

12

3

4

4

4

4

5

6

Aorta the large artery in charge of allocating blood rich in oxygen to the body

Pulmonary artery The artery that sends oxygen-less blood from the right ventricle to the

lungs Pulmonary vein

From the lung, oxygen-rich blood travels in this vein to the left atrium Coronary arteries

Give the heart oxygen-rich blood so it stays healthy and in working condition; Two branches of these coronary arteries send the oxygen-rich blood to where it needs to be in the heart

Vena cava (superior) Oxygen-less blood from the upper parts of the body (head, neck, and

arms) travels in this vein to the right atrium Vena cava (inferior)

Oxygen-less blood from the lower parts of the body (legs, etc) is pumped through this vein to the right atrium

WHAT DO THEY DO?

THE INSIDE OF THE HEART

1. Left atrium2.Right atrium3.Left ventricle4.Right ventricle5.Valves6.Septum

1

2

3

45

55 5

6

Left atrium Pulmonary veins bring oxygen-rich blood to this chamber; then the

blood goes on to the left ventricle Right atrium

Vena cava sends oxygen-less blood to this chamber; then the blood goes to the right ventricle

Left ventricle Left atrium, oxygen-rich blood comes here and then to the aorta

Right ventricle Oxygen-less blood from the right atrium comes to this chamber and

then to the pulmonary artery Valves

Ensuring the correct flow of blood throughout the heart and the body, these “biological gateways” are very important to the heart and the body

Septum Large mass of muscle that separates the left and right side of the heart

WHAT DO THEY DO?

Without hearts, humans would die. Drop dead. That’s the sound of them falling dead to the floor without their hearts.

Without the heart and the veins and arteries, detectives and other crime-solving bosses could not dramatically say, “He’s dead” because there would not a pulse for them to feel for.

The pumping of the heart ensures blood flow which distributes oxygen received from respiration and other much-needed nutrients received from digestion to the rest of the body.

Blood also carries the immune system cells to watch out for infections, and it brings waste to the kidneys and liver to be fi ltered and excreted out of the body.

PURPOSE OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

PLOP.

JOURNEY TO THE CENTER OF THE HEART (AND LUNGS)

OO

PARTS OF THE BODY

OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY

O O

OO

*Cue the The Fray song “Heartbeat”*Anyway, your heartbeat is caused when the upper

chambers contract to send blood to the corresponding lower chambers

To make the heart , an “electrical impulse” is generated by nodes, special cells on the heart

Once the heart contracts, the blood from the upper chambers (WHICH ARE CALLED?) fl ows into the lower chambers (WHICH ARE CALLED?) through the valves

(Everyone remember what those are????)To send the blood out of the heart and into the body, the

nodes work their stuff again, sending out those handy-dandy “electrical impulses” that make the ventricles contract, squeezing the blood out so that it can make its way to the lungs and the body

FEEL YOUR HEARTBEAT

contract

What makes that famous LUB sound in the “lub-dub” heart beat? After the blood is squeezed through them, they snap closed so the blood does not flow back in the heart

And what about DUB, you say? Well, those valves between the ventricles and the rest of the body snap shut. More blood enters the atria and EVERYTHING BEGINS ANON.

LUB-DUB

VALVES!!!!!!

Blood is a tissue of the body in liquid form

The watery portion of blood is plasma which makes up 55% of the blood volume. The 45% of the blood is made up of the blood cells: Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets

carries oxygen to the heart takes away carbon dioxide

from body tissue to the lungs essential to humans, cleaning

and nourishing the physical bodies to keep us alive

WHAT’S BLOOD?

carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart

rich red color thick walled, excluding the

cranium and vertebral canals which are thin-walled

The size and type of an artery depend on their function large, elastic arteries, like the

aorta small, muscular arteries, like the

temporal or radial arteries Inner coat

Tunica intima Middle coat

Tunica media Outer coat (strongest coat)

Tunica adventitia

ARTERIES

Vessels that carry blood away from peripheral tissues and toward the heart (non-oxygenated blood)

Blue in colorThin walledValves control the

“unidirectional” fl ow of the blood (sometimes against gravity)

Same 3 layers as arteries but not as well defi ned with poor muscle and tissue content

VEINS

Capillaries and tissues exchange nutrients and metabolites Networks of microscopic endothelial tubes b/w the metarterioles

and venules There are two types of capillaries:

Fenestrated: LARGE molecules may pass over the walls Examples:

endocrine glands pancreas

Continuous: small molecules pass over walls Examples:

Skin Connective tissue Muscles

Roughly around 6-8 micron, barely wide enough for cells to fi le through in single fi le; however, their size does diff er Small in brain and intestines Large in skin and bone marrow

The interstitial fl uid and the blood constantly exchange gases, nutrients, metabolites, and water at the enormous capillary bed

CAPILLARIES

The cardiovascular system plays such an important role in homeostasis that the cardiovascular system develops in an organism during the fourth week after fertilization before any major organ systems develop

To maintain a favorable cellular environment, the body depends on the constant circulation of blood throughout the body

The blood must reach the thousands and thousands of capillaries in every single part of the body, whether it be a single cell or a whole organ

The capillary blood carries essential materials and passes the important nutrients and materials into the cellular fluid and removes waste products

HOMEOSTASIS

Invertebrate hearts Simple Open circulatory system w/ no actual blood vessels or very few blood

vessels Blood pumped through tissues then back to pumping mechanism No actual heart

Fish hearts (2 chambers: atrium and ventricle) Closed circulatory system One large vessel pumps blood to give fish gills oxygen and to the

rest of the body Frog hearts (3 chambered heart: Two atria, one ventricle)

Link between land animals and water animals Oxygen-rich and oxygen-less blood separate in the heart

Turtle hearts (3 ½ chambered heart) Partly-formed Septum in heart Blood mixes, but timing of ventricle pumping minimizes chance that

the oxygen-rich and oxygen-less blood will mix together Human hearts (4 chambered: Two atria, two ventricles)

Fully formed septum

EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Works CitedThe Franklin Institute (2013). Blood: White Blood Cells - The Human Heart: An Online Exploration

from The Franklin Institute, made possible by Unisys. Retrieved March 31, 2013, from http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/white.html

National Cancer Institute (2012, November 27). SEER Training: Introduction to the Cardiovascular System. Retrieved March 31, 2013, from http://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/cardiovascular/

National Geographic (n.d.). Heart, Heart Information, Cardiovascular Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic. Retrieved March 31, 2013, from http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-body/heart-article.html

OCAL. (2009, May 11). Lungs clip art. Retrieved April 2, 2013, from http://www.clker.com/clipart-lungs-1.html

Scouville, H. (n.d.). Evolution of the Human Heart. Retrieved March 31, 2013, from http://evolution.about.com/od/humans/a/Evolution-Of-The-Human-Heart.htm

Iqbal, A. (2010). Arteries. Retrieved March 31, 2013, from http://www.mananatomy.com/basic-anatomy/arteries

Iqbal, A. (2010). Capillaries. Retrieved March 31, 2013, from http://www.mananatomy.com/basic-anatomy/capillaries

Iqbal, A. (2011). Components of Cardiovascular System (CVS). Retrieved March 31, 2013, from http://www.mananatomy.com/basic-anatomy/components-cardiovascular-system-cvs

Iqbal, A. (2010). Veins. Retrieved March 31, 2013, from http://www.mananatomy.com/basic-anatomy/veins