Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.

Frederick DouglassNelson Mandela

MalcoLm X

Stokely Carmichael

Oliver Tambo

Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.

He was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January He was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January 15, 1929 to Alberta Williams King and Rev. 15, 1929 to Alberta Williams King and Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr.Martin Luther King, Sr.

Dr. King graduated from Crozer Theological Dr. King graduated from Crozer Theological Seminary with his B.A. at age 22 in June, Seminary with his B.A. at age 22 in June, 1951.1951.

Dr. King was arrested for breaking the state of Dr. King was arrested for breaking the state of Georgia's trespassing law while picketing. He Georgia's trespassing law while picketing. He was transferred to Reidsville State Prison but was transferred to Reidsville State Prison but was released on $2000 bond on October 19, was released on $2000 bond on October 19, 1960.1960.

Martin Luther King Jr. Cont.Martin Luther King Jr. Cont.

Time MagazineTime Magazine honored Dr. King as "Man of the Year" honored Dr. King as "Man of the Year" with a feature story and cover photo on January 3, 1964.with a feature story and cover photo on January 3, 1964.

On December 10, 1964, Dr. King received the Nobel On December 10, 1964, Dr. King received the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway.Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway.

On April 4, 1968, Dr. King was assassinated.On April 4, 1968, Dr. King was assassinated.

Born: May 19,1925 Born: May 19,1925 Died: February 25, 1965Died: February 25, 1965

He said, “Violence He said, “Violence is needed for a real revolution.”is needed for a real revolution.”

In 1945, he was sentenced to 8 years in prison. While In 1945, he was sentenced to 8 years in prison. While there, he became a member of the Nation of Islam.there, he became a member of the Nation of Islam.

Malcolm X cont.Malcolm X cont.

Malcolm founded the Black Nationalist Organization of Malcolm founded the Black Nationalist Organization of

Afro-American Unity. He also founded the Muslim Afro-American Unity. He also founded the Muslim Mosque, Inc.Mosque, Inc.

One year after he joined the Nation of Islam, he left One year after he joined the Nation of Islam, he left

to go to the Muslim Mosque and was assassinated.to go to the Muslim Mosque and was assassinated.

• Frederick Douglass was born in a slave cabin, in February, 1818, near the town of Easton, on the eastern shore of Maryland.

• When he was eight he was sent to Baltimore to live with a ship carpenter named Hugh Auld. There he learned to read and first heard the words “abolition” and “abolitionists.”

Fredrick DouglasFredrick Douglas

Douglass spent seven years in Baltimore before being sent back to the country, where he was hired out to a farm run by a notoriously brutal "slavebreaker" named Edward Covey.

He conferred with Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and recruited northern blacks for the Union Army.

He was born on June 29, 1941, in He was born on June 29, 1941, in Port of Spain, Trinidad. He died Port of Spain, Trinidad. He died on November 15, 1998, in Conakry, on November 15, 1998, in Conakry, Guinea.Guinea.

He was the leader of black He was the leader of black nationalism in the United States in nationalism in the United States in the 1960s. the 1960s.

He originated its rallying slogan, He originated its rallying slogan, “black power,” which meant self-“black power,” which meant self-defense tactics, self-determination, defense tactics, self-determination, political and economic power, and political and economic power, and racial pride. racial pride.

Stokely Carmichael Stokely Carmichael

During this period Carmichael and others associated with During this period Carmichael and others associated with SNCC supported the nonviolence approach to SNCC supported the nonviolence approach to desegregation begun by Martin Luther King, Jr.desegregation begun by Martin Luther King, Jr.

He left the United States in 1969 and moved with his first He left the United States in 1969 and moved with his first wife, South African singer Miriam Makeba, to Guinea, wife, South African singer Miriam Makeba, to Guinea, West Africa. West Africa.

Carmichael helped to establish the All-African People's Carmichael helped to establish the All-African People's Revolutionary Party, an international political party Revolutionary Party, an international political party dedicated to Pan-Africanism.dedicated to Pan-Africanism.

He was born on October 27, 1917 in a rural town, Mbizana. He was born on October 27, 1917 in a rural town, Mbizana.

His parents had converted to Christianity shortly before he was born. His parents had converted to Christianity shortly before he was born.

Assisted by African government, Tambo was able to establish the African Assisted by African government, Tambo was able to establish the African National Congress mission in Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, and London.National Congress mission in Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, and London.

The suppression of the 1961 stay-at-home strike led to the ANC adopting the The suppression of the 1961 stay-at-home strike led to the ANC adopting the armed struggle as part of its strategy. armed struggle as part of its strategy.

In 1967, after the death of ANC President General Chief Albert J. Luthuli, In 1967, after the death of ANC President General Chief Albert J. Luthuli, Tambo became acting president until his appointment to the Presidency was Tambo became acting president until his appointment to the Presidency was approved by the Morogoro Conference in 1969.approved by the Morogoro Conference in 1969.

Among black South African leaders, Oliver Tambo was probably the most Among black South African leaders, Oliver Tambo was probably the most highly respected on the African continent, in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. highly respected on the African continent, in Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

Oliver Tambo died from a stroke on April 24, 1993. Oliver Tambo died from a stroke on April 24, 1993.

Oliver Tambo Cont.Oliver Tambo Cont.

In 1967, after the death of ANC President General Chief In 1967, after the death of ANC President General Chief Albert J. Luthuli, Tambo became acting president until Albert J. Luthuli, Tambo became acting president until his appointment to the Presidency was approved by the his appointment to the Presidency was approved by the Morogoro Conference in 1969.Morogoro Conference in 1969.

Among black South African leaders, Oliver Tambo was Among black South African leaders, Oliver Tambo was probably the most highly respected on the African probably the most highly respected on the African continent, in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. continent, in Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

Oliver Tambo died from a stroke on April 24, 1993. Oliver Tambo died from a stroke on April 24, 1993.

He was the president of the African He was the president of the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944 National Congress (ANC) in 1944

After the banning of the ANC in 1960, After the banning of the ANC in 1960, Nelson Mandela argued for the setting Nelson Mandela argued for the setting up of a military wing within the ANC.up of a military wing within the ANC.

Mandela was arrested in 1962 and Mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years imprisonment sentenced to five years imprisonment with hard labor.with hard labor.

In 1964 he and eight others had been In 1964 he and eight others had been sent to prison for trying to overthrow the sent to prison for trying to overthrow the government by violence.government by violence.

Nelson Mandela cont.Nelson Mandela cont.

During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela's reputation During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela's reputation grew steadily and he became a potent symbol of grew steadily and he became a potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid movement gathered resistance as the anti-apartheid movement gathered strength.strength.

Nelson Mandela was released on February 11, 1990Nelson Mandela was released on February 11, 1990

He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993

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