Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

19
Climate change: Mitigation in agricultural crop production Martin Kropff CIMMYT Director General

Transcript of Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Page 1: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Climate change: Mitigation in agricultural crop

production

Martin Kropff CIMMYT Director General

Page 2: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Options for Mitigation •  Best system for specific environment:

–  Optimization at high input levels: eco-efficiency –  Careful with marginal lands –  Rehabilitation degraded soils (OM and no-till) –  Reduction per unit yield!

•  Reducing methane emission from rice and saving water

•  Carbon fixation in soil

Page 3: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

USA:growthcametoanendin1980.China:beginningtoleveloff.India:s9llontherise,growing5%annually.

Global trends in fertilizer use

Page 4: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

N fertiliser chain accounts for 2-6% of total GHG emission in China

GHGemissionscutsof160–360TgNannuallypossiblefromchangesthroughtheNfer9lizerchain.Zhangetal(2013)PNAS110(21),8375-8380

Page 5: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Nitrogen fertilizer use = Energy use

Muelleretal.,Nature2012

Page 6: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Source:StrategiesforMi9ga9ngClimateChangeinAgriculture:.CaliforniaEnvironmentAssocs.(2014).

Mitigation opportunities 2030 (Mt CO2e)

Page 7: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Precision nutrient management

•  DecisionsupportsoWware:Precisionfer9lizerrecommenda9onsforsmallholders

•  Op9calsensors:e.g.Greenseeker–reducedNuse,sameyieldinwheat,60kgN/ha

ExamplesoftechnologiesforprecisionNmanagement

Page 8: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Envisioning the future: CA, diversification and PA =

CSISA research platform @ CSSRI, Karnal, India

11%CropYieldIncrease

32%ProfitabilityIncrease

71%IrrigaAonDecrease

46%EnergyDecrease

Page 9: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

Initial Removal RW Burning RW Burning R Retention R Retention RW Incorporation R Incorporation RW

Initial

Org

anic

Car

bon,

%

After 4 years

RKSharmaetal,DWR

Residue management & soil organic carbon in rice-wheat rotation

Page 10: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

CasestudyinHaryana,India:•  Profitable

-  Paybackperiodoninvestmentcanbe<1year

Laser Land Leveling

Source: Jat et al (2015)

•  Reducedfootprint-  DirectGHGemissions(83,100MTofCO2eq/annum)throughreducedwaterreq.andsofuelforpumpingandreducedcul9va9on9me

-  Reducedwateruse:1Km3/an-  Reducednutrientlossbecauseofimprovedrunoffcontrol

Page 11: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Source:Jatetal(2015)

Laser Land Leveling: Evidence from Haryana, India

Page 12: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Climate-smart villages in India: ‘Growing’ solar power as a remunerative crop

Source:T.Shah,IWMI

Page 13: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Community and individual solar irrigation systems are being tried in Bihar

Impact of solar irrigation systems on maize in Bihar

Solar irrigation in Bihar promotes climate smart agriculture

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Yield,t/ha Income,Benefit:Costra9o

GHGemissions,CO2eq,t/ha

EmissionIntensity,kgCO2EQ/kgyield

Dieselpump Solarpump

Page 14: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Witnessedrela9on

Mitigation: Rice and methane Higherproduc>on,lessmethane

Totalbiomassofriceyield Methane

emission

Expectedrela9on

Page 15: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Alternate-Wetting- and-Drying (AWD)

•  Intermittent Flooding/ Drainage •  Single or Multiple Flooding/ Drainage

SlidecourtesyofR.Wassmann

Synonyms:

Page 16: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Suitability Class

S_1 S_2 S_3

LS -

SuitabilitymapsinthePhilippinesandVietnamhavesupportedna9onalplanningforscalingupofmi9ga9oninpaddyrice.Collabora9veeffortwiththeCCACinVietnam,BangladeshandColombia.

Planning mitigation in paddy rice

SlidecourtesyofR.Wassmann

Suitability Map- Dry Season

Page 17: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Mobile phone app operation

Provide management

recommendation

Cloud based server Rice Crop Manager • Nutrients • Weeds •  Irrigation • ….

Obtain site-specific information from farmer/ operator

New Modules • GHG emission

calculator • Climate-adjusted

yield targets

Climate-Informed Rice Crop and Low Emission Manager => CIRCLE Manager

Page 18: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

•  InvestmentincropR&Dtorealizetriplewin

•  Mi9ga9oninAgriculturepossible:–  Captureincreasedfooddemandbyincreasingyields:

•  SustainableIntensifica9ontosaveforests–  Rightsystemattherightplace–  Noburningresidues–  Precisionmanagementtominimizeuseenergy,fer9lizers,etc.

–  Linktoothertechnologies(solarpanels)

Conclusions

Page 19: Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015

Thank you for your interest!