Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015
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Transcript of Martin Kropff Climate change mitigation in agricultural crop production Nov 2015
Climate change: Mitigation in agricultural crop
production
Martin Kropff CIMMYT Director General
Options for Mitigation • Best system for specific environment:
– Optimization at high input levels: eco-efficiency – Careful with marginal lands – Rehabilitation degraded soils (OM and no-till) – Reduction per unit yield!
• Reducing methane emission from rice and saving water
• Carbon fixation in soil
USA:growthcametoanendin1980.China:beginningtoleveloff.India:s9llontherise,growing5%annually.
Global trends in fertilizer use
N fertiliser chain accounts for 2-6% of total GHG emission in China
GHGemissionscutsof160–360TgNannuallypossiblefromchangesthroughtheNfer9lizerchain.Zhangetal(2013)PNAS110(21),8375-8380
Nitrogen fertilizer use = Energy use
Muelleretal.,Nature2012
Source:StrategiesforMi9ga9ngClimateChangeinAgriculture:.CaliforniaEnvironmentAssocs.(2014).
Mitigation opportunities 2030 (Mt CO2e)
Precision nutrient management
• DecisionsupportsoWware:Precisionfer9lizerrecommenda9onsforsmallholders
• Op9calsensors:e.g.Greenseeker–reducedNuse,sameyieldinwheat,60kgN/ha
ExamplesoftechnologiesforprecisionNmanagement
Envisioning the future: CA, diversification and PA =
CSISA research platform @ CSSRI, Karnal, India
11%CropYieldIncrease
32%ProfitabilityIncrease
71%IrrigaAonDecrease
46%EnergyDecrease
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
Initial Removal RW Burning RW Burning R Retention R Retention RW Incorporation R Incorporation RW
Initial
Org
anic
Car
bon,
%
After 4 years
RKSharmaetal,DWR
Residue management & soil organic carbon in rice-wheat rotation
CasestudyinHaryana,India:• Profitable
- Paybackperiodoninvestmentcanbe<1year
Laser Land Leveling
Source: Jat et al (2015)
• Reducedfootprint- DirectGHGemissions(83,100MTofCO2eq/annum)throughreducedwaterreq.andsofuelforpumpingandreducedcul9va9on9me
- Reducedwateruse:1Km3/an- Reducednutrientlossbecauseofimprovedrunoffcontrol
Source:Jatetal(2015)
Laser Land Leveling: Evidence from Haryana, India
Climate-smart villages in India: ‘Growing’ solar power as a remunerative crop
Source:T.Shah,IWMI
Community and individual solar irrigation systems are being tried in Bihar
Impact of solar irrigation systems on maize in Bihar
Solar irrigation in Bihar promotes climate smart agriculture
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0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Yield,t/ha Income,Benefit:Costra9o
GHGemissions,CO2eq,t/ha
EmissionIntensity,kgCO2EQ/kgyield
Dieselpump Solarpump
Witnessedrela9on
Mitigation: Rice and methane Higherproduc>on,lessmethane
Totalbiomassofriceyield Methane
emission
Expectedrela9on
Alternate-Wetting- and-Drying (AWD)
• Intermittent Flooding/ Drainage • Single or Multiple Flooding/ Drainage
SlidecourtesyofR.Wassmann
Synonyms:
Suitability Class
S_1 S_2 S_3
LS -
SuitabilitymapsinthePhilippinesandVietnamhavesupportedna9onalplanningforscalingupofmi9ga9oninpaddyrice.Collabora9veeffortwiththeCCACinVietnam,BangladeshandColombia.
Planning mitigation in paddy rice
SlidecourtesyofR.Wassmann
Suitability Map- Dry Season
Mobile phone app operation
Provide management
recommendation
Cloud based server Rice Crop Manager • Nutrients • Weeds • Irrigation • ….
Obtain site-specific information from farmer/ operator
New Modules • GHG emission
calculator • Climate-adjusted
yield targets
Climate-Informed Rice Crop and Low Emission Manager => CIRCLE Manager
• InvestmentincropR&Dtorealizetriplewin
• Mi9ga9oninAgriculturepossible:– Captureincreasedfooddemandbyincreasingyields:
• SustainableIntensifica9ontosaveforests– Rightsystemattherightplace– Noburningresidues– Precisionmanagementtominimizeuseenergy,fer9lizers,etc.
– Linktoothertechnologies(solarpanels)
Conclusions
Thank you for your interest!