Martha Valdez-Moreno - Vertebrates Plenary
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Transcript of Martha Valdez-Moreno - Vertebrates Plenary
The identification of Larvae, eggs and stomach contents…
three studies of the application of barcodes on Mexican fish.
Martha Elena Valdez Moreno Lourdes Vásquez YeomansCarolina Quintal Lizama Dalia Cázarez CarrilloElva Leyva
Banco Chinchorro
Contoy
Xcalak
The Mexican Caribbean
B. Chinchorro
Contoy
Punta Allen
XcalakMahahual
There exist many places of reef fish spawning aggregations and nursery areas of economic and ecological importance.
To ensure the sustainability of these areas as integrated ecosystems and the possibility to protect them, it is essential to know…
What fish species are living in this region?
7 mm LT
19 mm LT
74 mm LT
?
Where are they?
Larvae
Juvenile
Adults
22 mm LT
Eggs
Applying barcodes we have found some interesting things…
Awaous banana
69 new records for the Mexican Caribbean only at larvae stage
Pterois volitans*
Cozumel
River goby Lionfish
Barcodes help us to identify the larvae…
E. jonesii E. gulaE. melanopterus
Family GerreidaeGenus Eucinostomus
7
66 adult species with their larvae, previously unknown.
Using barcode
The external morphology is not useful to identify these larvae…..
Osteology description Eucinostomus jonesii
clearing technique
Thunnus atlanticus
Barcode allows us to know the distribution and the time of the appearance of larvae
8-29/march/0619/march/07
Mycteroperca bonaci
Aug/2005Mar/2006
species economically important
Black grouper
Blackfin tuna
E. jonesii E. gulaE. melanopterus
Xcalak
Family GerreidaeGenus Eucinostomus
7
All yearJan-Aug
Mar-may
Egg distribution and the time of the appearance …
Regalecus glesneKing of herrings
9-Apr-2009
Cozumel
the largest teleost fish of the world (8-10 m)
this fish could approach the coast in the north of the Mexican Caribbean for spawning or feeding
1-30 Jan-2007
Lachnolaimus maximusHogfish
Xcalak
adults
The case of… Mycteroperca bonaci
when and where the fishes spawn
development and maintenance fisheries
propose protected areas
Life cycle of the species
Lionfish situation
in Mexico…
There are several reasons to beconcerned about their presence:
They have venomous spines that could injure divers.
Mexico has many places that are world class scuba diving destination
Lionfish are predators that consume “mexican” native reef species!!!
What kind of prey do they eat in the mexican caribbean ?
Is the fIrst non-natIve
marIne fIsh establIshed In the
Westernnorth atlantIc and
carIbbean sea.
UseBarcode…
What can I do?
Stomach contents
Cozumel, Xcalak,Contoy islandBanco Chinchorro,Puerto Morelos Playa del Carmen
122 Pterois volitansfixed in alcohol (2009)
35 fresh digestive tracts were placed in ethylic alcohol 96% (2010)
Mahahual Xcalak
Stomach contents analysis
A total of 157 stomachs were examined
only 144 had stomach contents
We separated 330 prey items
90% showed a high degree of digestion of the tissue
170 sequences were compared with a reference library of DNA barcodes.
125 sequences matched with fishes
45 sequences matched with crustacean
Results
Fish:30 different species were identified (12 families)5 new records for Mexican Caribbean1 surprise….
Gobidae*
C. hyalinus
C. thrix
Coryphopterus eidolon
Priolepis hipoliti
Apogon townsendi Apogon maculatus
Apogon lachneriAstrapogon puncticulatus
Apogonidae*
C. venezuelae
Lythypnus sp
Apogon mosavi
C. tortugae
*greatest number of species
Malacoctenus triangulatus
Labrisomidae
Starksia ocellata
Labridae
Thalassoma bifasciatum Halichoeres garnotimost frecuently we found…
Abudefduf sexatilis
Pomacentridae
Stegastes partitus
comelonas
Tripterygiidae
Enneanectes altivelis Enneanectes boehlkei
mmm…delicius!
Serranidae
Cephalopholis cruentata
Haemulidae
Haemulon flavolineatum
cabrillaChak-chi
Monacanthus tuckeri
MonacanthidaeGrammatidae
Gramma loreto
Scaridae
Scarus iserti Sparisoma aurofrenatumSparisoma viridae
Loros
Lioproma rubre
Pterois volitans
species economically important
Crustacean
45 sequences
Using the barcodes we could identify 20 different species.
3 Orders:Euphausiacea…..1 species
Stomatopoda……2 species
Decapoda………17 species
Euphausia americana
Euphausia sp
Stomatopoda
Euphausiacea
Pseudosquilla sp.
Gonodactylidae…This only was able to assign to family level…
Decapoda: 17 species
Thor sp.
Hyppolytidae
PalaemonidaeAlpheidae
Something like this….
(CRU120)
The BOLD data base is not complete yet….
In Bold Decapoda: 141 Families and 2,049 sp sequenced
Conclusions
1. This is an example of how important the barcodes are in the support of sustainable fisheries.
2.With the help of barcodes we will know when and where the fish spawn, by directing protection measures in these particular seasons and sites we well suport fisheries.
3.This is the first time we have a tool that will help us to identify all species targeted by lion fish.
4.This is the first time that we have been able to report the kind of prey the lionfish consumes in the Mexican Caribbean.
5.The only limit has been that the barcode library is still incomplete, mainly crustaceans, but with time it will be possible to identify all species consumed, not only by exotics, but also by any other species.
Acknowledgements:
NOAA y RSMAS
CONANP – Xcalak y Banco Chinchorro
CONABIO y BARCODE of LIFE
ECOSUR
ITCH
Caro
Selene Paty
ManuelLulúDiana
Jacc
We need to visit these places….
Thanks for your attention!
Xcalak