Marteloscope exercises - comparing the «performance» of ...
Transcript of Marteloscope exercises - comparing the «performance» of ...
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Marteloscope exercises -
comparing the «performance» of
groups with different professional
backgrounds, expertise and values
Partly based on a manuscript together with Hannes Cosyns, Bettina Joa, Ronja Mikoleit, Frank Krumm, Andreas Schuck
and Georg Winkel
Marteloscope Manager Workshop
Steigerwaldzentrum, Handthal, 25-27 April, 2018
Tobias Schulz, WSL
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Observed marteloscope exercises
Site Date Participants Design
Rosskopf 04/2015 Stud., For., Train. Group comp.
Rosskopf 04/2016 Students 1
Steinkreuz 04/2016 For., others 2
Groenendaal 05/2016 Students 1
Groenendaal 05/2016 Foresters 2
Renan 06/2016 Students Group comp.
Steinkreuz 08/2016 For., others 2
Ettingen 09/2016 For., others None
Sihlwald 10/2016 Students 4
Rosskopf 04/2017 Students Group comp.
Sihlwald 10/2017 Students Group comp.
Falkenberg 10/2017 For., Nat. Con. Group comp.
Jägerhäuschen 11/2017 For., Nat. Con. Group comp.
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Pre / post observation
Information provided betweentwo thinnngs
• Problem:
– control group?
– same forest twice?
• Solution:
– Split the plot
– Split the group
Second thinning with the tablet in hand
DESIGN 1
Pre Treat Post
Group
A
plot 1 X plot 2
Group
B
plot 2 X plot 1
Plot 1
Group A
Group B
Plot 2
DESIGN 2
Pre Treat
Group A plot 1 X plot 2
Group B plot 2 X plot 1
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Learning about microhabitats
(Rosskopf, April 2016, Students)
1 2 3
Select 5
Habitat trees
Learning moment :
Microhabitats +
thinning
Select 5
Habitat trees
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
BEFORE AFTER
Mean
am
ou
nt
of
MH
typ
es
/ tr
ee
Microhabitat types
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
BEFORE AFTER
Me
an
am
ou
nt
of
MH
/ t
ree
Microhabitats
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
BEFORE AFTERM
ean
eco
log
ica
l va
lue
/ t
ree
Ecological value
** *
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Jaegerhäuschen (November 2017)
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IntroductionMscope-exercise in
teamsGroup discussion
Questionaireper team
• Trees selected• Observations:
following teams
• Expertise & preferences
• Reasoning
• Moderation• Transscripts of
Discussion
Instruction
13 Nov2017
14 Nov2017
«FORESTERS»
«NATURE CONSERVATIONISTS»
Structure of exercise, participants
• From State Nature Protection Administration• Mostly Biologists• One task can be identification of habitat trees
• From State Forestry Administration• Mostly Foresters• Marking trees is daily business
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Instruction
«Removal of 50 m³ wood, selecting a minimum of trees, of which 10 % high-value wood, promotion and selection of 10 habitat trees»
Volume and value requirement plus dhbrequirement: trade-off against selection of relatively large number of habitat trees (particularly if they should have a large dhb)
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Hypotheses for thinning
T-H2 NC FHabitat value <Number of Microhabitats <
8
T-H1 NC FEconomic value <DHB <Volume <!
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Hypotheses for habitat tree selection
H-H1 NC FHabitat value >Number of Microhabitats >Tree species >?
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H-H2 NC FEconomic value >DHB >
NC FOpportunity cost of habitat value point >
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Hypothesis about «performance»
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H-H4: Positive correlation between preference for ecological objectives / expertise in forestry/ecology and distance of solution to the “pareto-frontier”.
aggregated habitat value
Set of all possible combinations of a certain number of trees
Agg
rega
ted
eco
no
mic
val
ue
“PARETO-FRONTIER”
• Less economic expertise?• Higher preference for ecology?
• Higher economic expertise?• Less preference for ecology?
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Thinned trees
11
Nature Conservationists Foresters
51.160.317
157110640.632
192.9
63.163.715
164123350.438
135.9
Mean DiameterVolume
Number of MicrohabitatsHabitat value
Economic valueSG-ratio
Number of trees% high-quality wood
(cm)
(m3)
(habitat point)
(euro)
***
Significance-level
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Habitat tree selection
Nature Conservationists Foresters
67.95526
3537385
50.53221
2602724
Mean DiameterVolume
Number of MicrohabitatsHabitat value
Economic value
(cm)
(m3)
(habitat point)
(euro)
****
******
Significance-level
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Habitat trees:Disentangling preferences from expertise?
Nature conservationistsForesters
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Habitat trees:Values, expertise and «performance»
Habitat
value
Econ.
value
Pref. Expert
Ecol.
Expert
For.
# Habitat
Trees
Op.
cost
Distance
N1 317 10829 1 4 3 10 34 225.7
N2 351.25 5148 2 5 2 8 14 92.1
N3 387.5 4325 2 5 2 12 11 117.1
N4 371 4659 2 4 2 10 12 103.7
N5 331 11594 2 2 3 10 35 226.1
F1 232 1677 4 3 5 10 7 35
F2 265 4144 3 3 5 10 15 119.6
F3 279 2366 4 4 5 10 8 50.8
F4 195 2214 4 3 4 11 11 72.4
F5 248 2429 4 3 3 11 9 42.1
F6 370 3811 4 3 4 8 10 48.2
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Marteloscope «Rosskopf»(April 2015, 5 habitat trees)
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Microhabitats (Jägerhäuschen 2017)FT: Foresters – Thinned Trees
FH: Foresters – Habitat Trees NT: Nature Conservationists – Thinned Trees
NH: Nature Conservationits – Habitat Trees
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Qualitative analysis
• timber value
• DBH
• microhabitat structures
• „cost of habitat point“
• future microhabitat structures
• vitality and stability
risk of diminishing timber value
„eco plus tree“ / future habitat tree
longevity of habitat tree
probability for microhabitat structures
timber volume
Joa, B. & Mikoleit, R.
Citeria applied in tree selection• searching for economically valuable trees
• searching for wood defects
searching for microhabitat structures
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Factors influencing tree selection
• preference and experience/profession
• familiarity with the stand
• visibility of microhabitat structures
• timber market
• financial compensation for conservation
• environmental laws
• work and road safety
• long-term silvicultural goals
Joa, B. & Mikoleit, R.
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Learning during a marteloscope exercise
• Strong visualization of yours (and the others) decisions!
• Generates understanding for the others!
«before I never thought about a tree’s timber value, I onlylooked at its habitat structures… next time I have to makethe decision whether or not a tree is a valuable habitat tree, I will consider ist potential economic value, which couldmake the decision easier…»
(a nature conservationist after the exercise)
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Conclusion habitat tree selection
• Small trees (hornbeam) vs large trees (oaks): Foresters select a lower habitat value at a lower cost
➜ «Economic consideration» or«future habitat value»? (or both?)
• Foresters are closer to the «pareto frontier», so theysolve the goal conflict «better», presumably due tohigher expertise about economic valuation
• Nature conservationists choose oak only, which probably is main reason for «lower» performance...
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Policy implications?
• Are pecuniary incentives needed to preserve a larger number of economically interesting oak trees as habitat trees (compensation)?
• Given that they assume an important role also for the identification of habitat trees, maybe nature conservationists should gain more expertise about the economic aspect? Could help avoiding conflicts?
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Outlook
• Future research on development on microhabitats
• Economic and ecological growth models underlyingmarteloscope inventory
• Two dimensional world too simple?
• Connection between thinning and habitat treeselection: reasons for not cutting «non-habitat-trees», competitors, spatial distribution, ...
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Photo : Kris Vandekerkhove INBO