MARRIAGESIN

HINDU SOCIETY

CONTENT

o Introductiono Types of hindu marriages in Indian

contexto Marriage customs in different Hindu

societieso Purpose & significance of hindu

marriageo Marriage partners preferred in

different region of india

o The Hindu marriage acto Polygamy in Hinduismo Problems related to hindu marriage -dowry -sati/bride burning -child marriageo Average age at marriage in indiao Conclusion

introduction

• Rig Veda:mentions marriage of Soman with Suryai, basis of marriage

rituals those are followed in Hindu marriage ceremonies.

Types of hindu marriage 8 Types of ancient hindu marriage -4 types of approved marriages( Brahma, Daiva,Arsha, Prajapatya) -4 types of unapproved marriages(Ashura, Gandharva, Rakshasha, Paisacha)

APPROVED MARRIAGES

1. Brahma marriage (ceremonial form)

2.Daiva marriage (divine form)

3.Arsha marriage (priestly form)

4.Prajapatya marriage

UNAPPROVED MARRIAGE

5. Ashura marriage (mercenary form)-bridal purchase

6.Gandharva marriage (clandestine form)

7.Rakshasa marriage (diabolic form)-force & might

8. Paisacha marriage (ghastly form)

MARRIAGE CUSTOMS IN DIFFERENT HINDU SOCIETY

• Members of any Hindu society can have an Arya Samaj wedding performed as per vedic rites.

• Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in 19th century & propagated the teachings of Vedas

ARYA SAMAJ WEDDING

MATCH MAKING

• Marriage within the same gotra is prohibited

• Some points noted: varna, Vashya, Tara, Yoni, Gana as Rakshasa, Manav and Deva,etc.

• All such points are summed up, maximum to 36, if the total is less than18, then the marriage is not permissible

MADHUPERK:• First step after bride & groom have entered

the ‘mandap’

KANYADAAN-

HAVAN-

• PANI GRAHAN SANSKAR-

• SHILAROHAN –

• LAJAHOM-

PARIKRAMA

SAPTAPADI

• Most important in hindu marriage

• The meaning of the mantras chanted during Sapthapadi:

1. invokes god for plenty of pure & nourishing food2. Healthy life3. Wealth & prosperity4. Happiness & harmony5. Virtuous & heroic children6. Long life togetherness

7. Loyality,unity & all goodness forever.

• SPRINKLING WATER ON THE COUPLE-

• HRIDAY SPARSHMANTRA-

• SINDOOR & MANGALSUTRA-

• DHRUVNAKSHATRA-

• ARUNDHATI NAKSHATRA-

ASHIRWAAD

AIM/ SIGNIFICANCE OF HINDU MARRIAGE

• The main aim of Hindu marriage can be summarized as:

-DHARMA: performing religious rites-PRAJA: progeny/ procreation-RATI: pleasure

MARRIAGE PARTNERS PREFFERED IN DIFFERENT REGION OF INDIA

• South India: cross-cousin preferred (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh),

North india: marry a stranger (Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Punjab),

Central india: northern type but brother-sister exchange marriage is also frequent.

HINDU MARRIAGE ACT,19551. Extension of the Act2. Application of the Act -Hindu in any form -Buddhist, Sikh or Jain3.Conditions for Hindu marriage: -marriageable age -no spouse of any partner -unfit for marriage -not within degrees of prohibited relationship4.Ceremonies for a Hindu marriage

5.Registration of Hindu marriage: -compulsory -punishable with fine extending Rs.2,500

to 25,000.6.Divoce on Hindu marriages:• Cruelty• Deserted petitioner• Converted religion• Voluntary sexual intercourse• Incurably of unsound mind• Incurable-fatal-communicable disease• Religious world• Lost for 7yrs or more• Spouse remarried• Partner committed crime

7.Divorce by mutual consent: -District court8. No petition within one year of marriage -Hear exceptional hardship by high court9. Divorced persons when may marry again10.Legitimation of children:11. Punishment for contravention of Hindu

marriage Act: -15days-1month imprisonment/Rs.1000

fine/both

POLYGAMY IN HINDUISM

• Polygamy for Hindus is banned by the law-Hindu Marriage Act

• Supreme Court(May 5, 2000) plugged legal loophole for all potential Hindu bigamists

• Offence punishable under the Hindu Marriage Act and the Indian Penal Code.

PROBLEMS RELATED TO HINDU MARRIAGE

DOWRY• Vardakshina in kanyadaan• Dowry Prohibition Act,1961 -Penalty for demanding:6month-2yr, fine

Rs.10,000 -Penalty for giving/taking (1984): 5yr, fine

Rs.15000 or amount dealed.

SATI/ BRIDE BURNING

• An ancient (formally abolished in 1829) custom of Sati.

• Bride-burning is a form of domestic violence practiced in India till today by Hindus.

• Crminal law ammendment act, 1986: minimum 7yr – life imprisonment.

CHILD MARRIAGE

• Bal vivaha originated in the medieaval age• The legal age for marriage in India is 18 years

for women and 21 for men• Child Marriage Prohibition Act of 1929: penalty: 2yr imprisonment, Rs.1 lakh fine

AVERAGE AGE AT MARRIAGE IN INDIA

• Average age at marriage in India is 19.6yrs (2001 census)

State Female Male

Andaman & nicobar island 19.6 25.4

Andhra pradesh 17.5 22.5

Arunachal pradesh 19.6 23.8

Assam 19.7 25.7

Bihar 17.2 20.6

Chandigarh 20 23.5

Chhattisgarh 17.6 20.9

State Female Male

Dadra & nagar haveli 18.8 21.5

Daman & diu 19.4 22.9

Delhi 19.2 23.1

Goa 22.2 27.4

Gujarat 19.2 22.1

Haryana 18 21.6

Himachal pradesh 19.1 23.8

J & K 20.1 23.7

Jharkhand 17.6 21.8

Karnataka 18.9 24.9

Kerela 20.8 27.1

Lakshadweep 19.1 25

Madhya pradesh 17 20.4

Marashtra 18.8 23.5

Manipur 21.5 25.5

State Female male

Meghalaya 20.5 24.8

Mizoram 21.8 25.3

Nagaland 21.6 25.7

Orissa 18.9 23.9

Pondicherry 20 26.4

Punjab 20.5 23.4

Rajasthan 16.6 19.9

Sikkim 20.2 24.2

Tamil nadu 19.9 25.5

Tripura 19.3 25.6

Uttar pradesh 17.5 20.1

Uttaranchal 18.5 23

West bengal 18.4 24.5

Source: census 2001

• Average age at marriage for female in India is 18.3yrs

• Average age at marriage for male in India is 22.6yrs

• Average age at marriage below legal age:state Years below/above legal age

Andhra pradesh -0.5 1.5

Bihar -0.8 -0.4

Chattisgarh -0.4 -0.1

Jharkhand -0.4 0.8

Madhya pradesh -1 -0.6

Rajasthan -1.4 -1.1

Uttar pradesh -0.5 -0.9

Female Male

CONCLUSION

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