Markets and Customers(1)

8/10/2019 Markets and Customers(1)

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MARKETS AND CUSTOMERS

Work with a partner. How are these types of customer defined in the company you work

for? Give examples for each one.

1.

A residential/retail customer

2. A business customer

3. An industrial customer

Discuss the following questions about industrial customers.

1. What is the largest industry in your country or region? Use the listed below to help you.

What are their products? Who are the clients?2. How are they supplied with power? Do some of them have their own power plants or are

they supplied by other energy companies?

3.

What do the largest industrial companies want from energy companies?

Describing graphs and charts

In business situations you may find yourself having to give a presentation describing changesand trends in business or progress of your company. In such situation, sometimes youhave to use visual data such as tables, graphs, and charts which can help to explain conceptsclearly. The function of those visuals data is to describe a TREND pictorially. Therefore, in

presenting those visuals data you should describe it verbally. If there are many lines in thegraph(s), then just generally describe the trend but if there is only one or two lines, then usemore detail description.

Graph and Chart is a simple drawing (diagram) displaying detail information (usually in a basic

shape used to indicate relationships between two or more variable quantities. The quantities

are usually measured along two axes set at right angles to each other.

There are three kinds of diagram:

1. A bar/column graph 2. A line graph 3. A pie chart


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Language Expression

To describe the movement, there is some language which will always be useful. Below is a list of

language you can use. Check with your dictionary words that you don't understand and practiceusing the words/phrases so you use them in the right way. As you will see, there are a number

of words which are similar in meaning. This means that you will be able to use a variety of

vocabulary which gives a good impression to the examiner who will read and mark your writing.

The words below are particularly useful for line graphs but they can also be used where

appropriate to describe the other types of graph.

Presenting graph

As you can see in the graph ...

Id like to refer to the first graph ...

Looking at the graph on the screen ... As the graph/diagram illustrates ...

If you look at the graph ...

if we have a look at this graph ...

If i could direct your attention to the graph

...

The vertical axis above shows ...

The horizontal axis represents/indicates ...

In January 1986, sales stood at ... This happened/occurred because ...

Although there was a fall/rise ...

This led to ...

This happened because of ...

Explaining upward movement

Verbs Nouns

Rise (to) a rise

Increase (to) an increaseGo up to -Grow (to) growthClimb (to) a climbBoom a boomPeak (at) (reach) a peak (at)Improve An improvement

Examples:

However, in mid May costs rose to 25m.

There was a sudden increase/rise in costs of 10%.

Costs suddenly increased by 100%.

During the second hour it rose again, reaching another peak ... It continued to risein the early afternoon to 3412.

Salesroseit was Christmas time.

The situation improvedwhen we opened a new office in Milan.

There has been a slow/gradual rise in sales.

The company gains its profit due to a steady increase in sales.


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Explaining downward m

Verbs

Fall (to) a fall (

Decline (to) a decliDecrease (to) a decreDip (to) a dip (Drop (to) a dropGo down (to) -Reduce (to) a redu

a slum

Examples:

There was a gradual fall i

Costs gradually fell by/decre

By late afternoon it was back

The Nikkei ended at 22980, a

day. And the index fell/col

to/because of bad publicity

Explaining static movement

Verbs

Level outNo changeRemain stable (at)Remain steady (at)Stay (at)

Stay constant (at)Maintain the same levelSustain

Examples:

After that the Nikkei rema

but there was not good

Sale stayedat their 1989 l

Describing the degree of ch

For example:

During the firs two hours, i

fell slightly.

ovement

ouns

f)

e (of)ase (of)f)(of)

tion (of)

costs from 15m to 12m.

sed/dropped/slid/declined3m.

downto its morning starting point

fall/ decrease/drop/slide/decline/collapse/slu

lapsed/slumped like a stone by 40 points.

.

Nouns

a leveling outno change

ned fairly level/stablefor a couple of hours

nough news to sustain the rise

vel due to a sharp fall in the value of dollar.

nge (focus is on vertical axis)

hit two peaks before dipping slightly. In the

p of 940 points on the

umbers fell due

following year, sales


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Describing the speed of ch

For example:

before falling back gradu

Practice 1 Match the expres

Match the statements that h

refers to.

1. Its going to grow

2. It has remained stable

3. Theyve double

4. It is fluctuated

nge

lly in mid-morning trading and in 1997sales

ion with each graph below.

ve the same meaning. Then decide which

a. Its held steady

b. Its been volatile

c. We expect it to rise

d Theres been a 100

rose sharply.

raph each pair

increase


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This graph shows the devel

following description. Use e

The graph shows the develop

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The pie chart below shows

How do you describe this ch

pment of the EEX electricity port price in

pressions from previous exercises.

ent of the EEX electricity spot price in 200

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the percentage of gases contributing to t

art?

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009. Continue the

. The price started at

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e greenhouse effect.

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The graph shows the changi g world temperatures. How do you descri

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be this chart?

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Markets and Customers(1)

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