Market Study 2011 - Region Bergen€¦ · Market specifics – challenges and authority support 5 2...

Offshore Wind GermanyMarket Study 2011

A common initiative with

Strong Norwegian competence lies within the offshore sector and stems from more than 100 years of maritime

shipping and North Sea oil and gas activities. The fine-tuned capabilities are now transferred to the offshore wind

sector for technology and services conceptualisation. Companies developing the North Sea wind resources could

benefit from the lessons learned in Norway and add complementary expertise in order to achieve their targets..

In order to inform the Norwegian offshore industry participants about the opportunities in the two most important

markets for offshore wind competence, Innovation Norway and INTPOW – Norwegian Renewable Energy Partners

have collaborated to commission two studies - Offshore Wind Germany and Offshore Wind UK, both inspired by the

two Norwegian Offshore Wind Clusters Arena NOWand Windcluster Mid-Norway.

In order to promote the Norwegian offshore wind capabilities, Norwegian Renewable Energy Partners – INTPOW

and Innovation Norway have also commissioned a market Study and mapping of the emerging Norwegian offshore

wind supply chain.

Preface

Innovation Norway

Innovation Norway promotes nationwide industrial development profitable to both the business economy and

Norway’s national economy, helps to release the potential of different districts and regions by contributing towards

innovation, internationalisation and promotion.

Norwegian Renewable Energy Partners - INTPOW

INTPOW promotes the Norwegian renewable energy industries internationally and facilitates partnerships be-

tween Norwegian and international industry participants , including in offshore wind. It is a non-profit joint ven-

ture between the Norwegian renewable industry and the Norwegian Government.

wind:research

wind:research assists companies and organisations in the wind energy market as an independent trend and market

research institute – focussed and specialised on branch requirements. On the one hand, studies, expert opinions,

market and competition analysis and investigations are compiled up-to-date for single or multiple clients (multi-

client-studies) and data, information and knowledge is supplied this way. On the other hand, company specific

questions are dealt with in projects for single clients – based on the extensive market know-how in addition to

knowledge about technologies, laws and competition. A broad spectrum including site selection, segmentations of

target groups, distribution assistance and steering of M&A processes is offered.

Germany 2011

wind:researchpowered by trend:research

Table of contents�

1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 4

2 Market specifics – challenges and authority support ............................................................... 5

2.1 General conditions in Germany .........................................................................................................5

2.1.1 Political targets regarding offshore wind energy .................................................................................5

2.1.1.1 Total capacity to be installed until 2020, 20�0, 2050 ..........................................................................5

2.1.1.2 Yearly capacity to be installed until 2020, 20�0, 2050 ........................................................................5

2.1.1.� Political targets as a hurdle for the market? ........................................................................................6

2.1.1.4 Resulting demand of offshore wind energy turbines and components ................................................. 7

2.1.1.5 Resulting demand of installation and service capacities ...................................................................... 7

2.1.2 Funding conditions and models for the offshore wind energy ............................................................. 7

2.1.� Profitability (without EEG) – “grid parity“ ............................................................................................ 7

2.1.4 Legal framework regarding permits ...................................................................................................8

2.1.5 Technical standards, market barriers, test and demonstration facilities (full-scale) ............................. 10

2.1.6 Contractual standards ..................................................................................................................... 11

2.1.7 Grid technology and connection: Prerequisites .................................................................................. 11

2.1.8 Geographical conditions in Germany ................................................................................................12

2.1.9 Other essential general conditions ...................................................................................................15

3 Market Structure – Organisations, Competition, Alliances ...................................................... 18

�.1 Organisations and their role ............................................................................................................ 18

�.2 Development of the competition ....................................................................................................20

�.2.2 Alliances ........................................................................................................................................20

�.2.� Consolidation Trends .......................................................................................................................21

�.2.4 Development of the competition intensity ........................................................................................21

�.� Structural market barriers ................................................................................................................21

4 Projects ............................................................................................................................. 23

4.1 Overview, list of projects, overall planned installed capacity etc. ....................................................... 2�

4.1.1 Installed capacity until 2020, 20�0 and 2050 ................................................................................... 27

4.1.2 Run-up curve ................................................................................................................................. 27

4.2 Projects in detail ............................................................................................................................. 29

5 Branch structure................................................................................................................. 33

5.1 Value-added chain: Offshore wind energy ........................................................................................ ��

5.1.1 Description of the value-added steps and overview of the market participants .................................. ��

5.1.1.1 Development and consenting ......................................................................................................... ��

5.1.1.2 Turbine and component manufacture .............................................................................................. �5

5.1.1.4 Installation and commissioning ...................................................................................................... �9

5.1.1.5 Operation and maintenance .......................................................................................................... 40

5.1.1.6 Professional services ....................................................................................................................... 41

5.1.1.7 Dismantling ................................................................................................................................... 41

5.2 Value-added chain: Logistics for the offshore wind energy (part of Installation and Commissioning) ... 42

5.2.1 Description of the value-added steps ............................................................................................... 42

5.2.2 Overview of market participants and their relationships per value-added steps ................................. 47

5.� Engineering/design structure .......................................................................................................... 47

Executive Summary4

1 Executive Summary

General conditions:

In 2050 the federal government plans to generate

80% of the demanded power via renewable energies.

According to “Energiekonzept 2050”, a paper contrib-

uting to the energy concept of the federal govern-

ment wind energy is supposed to supply 50% thereof.

Therefore, a major part of the power generation mix

- �8% - shall be provided by offshore wind energy. The

central funding instrument in Germany is the feed-

in tariff granted in accordance to regulations of the

“Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz (EEG)”: 15 ct/kW will be

paid for turbines installed until the end of 2015, after-

wards 1� ct/kW.

A rapid realisation of the planned offshore wind farms

is only possible under the following prerequisites:

1. The discussion between the relevant depart-

ments (BMF and BMWI) concerning the con-

ditions of the KfW credit programme need to

be finished soon to get the programme on its

way (the first of April was the initially intended

deadline).

2. Obstacles in the approval procedure (e. g. as

indicated by the BfN) have to be removed.

�. Grid connection and extension have to be real-

ised quickly (Implementation of NABeG – Net-

zausbaubeschleunigungsgesetz [Grid Expan-

sion Acceleration Act])

4. A close end of the discussion concerning the

EEG-amendment

5. A fast expansion of the required infrastructure

(especially ports).

Projects:

Most of the planned German wind farms are in the

south-western part of the North Sea. In comparison,

only few wind farms are planned in the Baltic Sea be-

cause of the limited potential and space. At the end of

2010 only 100 MW of installed capacity were connect-

ed to the grid. Until 2020 about 9.900 MW will be in-

stalled in the German North and Baltic Sea. There are

more than hundred planned and consented projects

and projects under construction.

Market and Branch Structure:

The young branch is well connected; knowledge and

lessons learnt are exchanged in a number of organi-

sations to expedite the target to build up an offshore

wind industry. The number of project developers in-

creased in the last few years. Larger energy suppliers

joined the market in addition to smaller developers

with experiences in the onshore wind energy sector.

There are only a few manufacturers of offshore wind

energy turbines yet but there are competitors from

the onshore market which develop turbines for the

growing offshore market.

Market specifics – challenges and authority support5

2 Market specifics – challenges and authority support

The following module is supposed to give an intro-

duction and an overview about the German off-

shore wind energy. It focuses on political targets

and the consequences for the offshore wind ener-

gy. Other general conditions include the approval

process, contractual standards and geographical

conditions.

2.1 General conditions in Germany Germany is one of the pioneering countries in the

wind energy. In Europe it has the most installed ca-

pacity (27,214 MW). The majority of the installed ca-

pacity is onshore. Only about 200 MW are installed

offshore, but some of those turbines still need to be

connected to the grid (Baltic 1, BARD Offshore 1).

Germany has huge potential in the offshore wind en-

ergy:

The government plans to increase the installed

capacity significantly and supports the indus-

try respectively (cp. 2.1.1 and 2.1.2).

A large proportion of the EEZ is in the North

Sea (28,5�9 of �2,99� km²) with favourable wind

conditions

There are a number of potentially suitable ports

at the �,660 km long coastal line (cp. 5.1.1.4)

2.1.1 Political targets regarding off-shore wind energyThe European Commission has set a target to reduce

CO2 emissions by 20 percent compared to 1990 until

2020. Since the energy generation and the resulting

CO2 emissions of the member states is very diverse

country specific CO2 reduction targets have been

set. In order to achieve this goal a number of political

measures and targets have been passed in Germany.

The following sections will focus on offshore wind en-

ergy.

2.1.1.1 Total capacity to be installed until 2020, 2030, 2050 The federal government has set clear goals for the

offshore wind energy for 2020, 20�0. In 2050 it plans

to generate 80% of the demanded power via renew-

•

•

•

able energies. According to “Energiekonzept 2050”, a

paper contributing to the energy concept of the fed-

eral government wind energy is supposed to supply

50% thereof. The major part of the power generation

mix - �8% - shall be provided by offshore wind energy.

The following table gives an overview about the gov-

ernment’s goals and the forecast by wind:research for

the respective years:

2020 2030 2050

Installed capacity

10,000 MW

25,000 MW

95,000 MW*

wind:research forecast

ca. 9,900 MW

ca. 22,400 MW

No forecast available as of now

Table 1: Goals of the federal government and wind:research forecast (Source: wind:research); *According to “Energie-konzept 2050”, a contribution to the energy concept of the federal government

2.1.1.2 Yearly capacity to be installed until 2020, 2030, 2050 At the end of 2010 Germany had an installed capac-

ity of 18�.� MW within the offshore wind energy. The

wind farms contributing to the installed capacity in-

clude “alpha ventus”, “Baltic 1” and “BARD Offshore 1”.

The following table gives an overview of the installed

capacity:

Offshore wind farm Capacity

alpha ventus 60 MW

Baltic 1 (not yet connectied to the grip) 48.� MW

BARD Offshore 1 (15 turbines installed, first cluster connected to the grid) 75 MW

Total 183.3 MW

Table 2: Installed capacity in Germany until the end of 2010

In order to reach the goal of 10,000 MW in 2020, Ger-

many needs to install more than 9,800 MW within

the next ten years. That is about 1,000 MW per year.

About 880 MW have been installed across Europe in

2010 showing that the (German) industry needs to

grow significantly in the coming years.

At the turn of the century, onshore wind energy in

Germany increased at a rate of about 2,000 MW per

year. Similar rates are needed in the decades to come,


if the political targets are to be fulfilled. Since onshore

turbines are much easier to store, transport and in-

stall, the offshore wind energy branch faces some ma-

jor challenges.

The following table shows the capacity that is to be

installed until 2020, 20�0 and 2050 if the respective

goals are to be fulfilled:

Installed capacity to date: 183.3 MW

Until 2020

2020 - 2030

2030 - 2050

Capacity to be installed 9,816.7 MW

15,000 MW

70,000 MW

Yearly capacity to be installed

981.67 MW

1,500 MW

�,500 MW

Table �: Yearly capacity to be installed to reach the respective goals

2.1.1.3 Political targets as a hurdle for the market?The federal government plans to reduce CO2 emis-

sions by 80% until the year 2050. These plans are very

ambitious according to many experts and the partici-

pants of the “Handelsblatt Jahrestagung” in 2011. Illus-

tration 1 shows whether or not the experts judge the

targets as realistic.

In order to achieve this goal different technologies

will be used. A focus is laid on offshore wind energy.

But also nuclear energy is supposed to contribute to

the targeted CO2 reduction.

Whether or not the runtime extension of nuclear

power plants impedes the development of the off-

shore wind energy in Germany is widely discussed

since the government’s decision last fall. There are

two different main viewpoints:

Nature conservation organisations, wind energy

branch associations and others fear that especially

the expansion of the offshore wind energy will be

slowed down significantly. A lot of the planned capac-

ity belongs to the nuclear plant operators. Many of

the nuclear power plants are already paid off so that

profits are comparably high. In order to install off-

shore wind farms large investments are needed and

the financial risks are not fully foreseeable. Therefore,

organisations see the risk that the nuclear power

plants operators will not continue with their plans to

install offshore wind farms with the same speed they

would have done if the runtime extension would not

have been granted.

The government and nuclear power plant operators

on the other hand argue that the additional profits

gained from the extension will partly be used in favour

of the offshore wind energy. The feed-in tariff granted

by the government and the fund for renewable ener-

gies fed by the nuclear plant operators are supposed

to support the offshore wind energy considerably.

Therefore, a hindering effect of the runtime extension

of nuclear power plants is not to be expected accord-

ing to nuclear plant operators and the government.

No, not realizable at all

Yes, but the target will be missed clearly

Yes, the target will be missed slightly – reduction of at least 70%

Yes, the target will be reached

Yes, the target will be surpassed, more than 80% are possible

12.2%

41.7%

16.6%

19.6%

9.9%

0% 10% 20% �0% 40% 50%

Do you think that the target to reduce CO2 emissions by 80%, as planned in the federal energy concept is realizable?

Illustration 1: Do you think that the target to reduce CO2 emissions according to the federal energy concept is realizable? (Source: wind:research)


2.1.1.4 Resulting demand of offshore wind energy turbines and componentsThe planned installed capacity in the offshore wind

energy in Germany results in a large number of tur-

bines that is to be installed. The following table shows

an overview of the number of turbines that is needed

given a specific average turbine capacity.

2020 2030 2050

Additional in-stalled capacity

ca. 9,800 MW

15,000 MW

70,000 MW

Number of tur-bines ca. 1,970 ca. 2,000 ca. 7,000

Average capacity per turbine ca. 5 MW ca. 7.5 MW ca. 10 MW

Table 4: Resulting demand of offshore wind energy turbines and components

2.1.1.5 Resulting demand of installation and service capacitiesIn order to achieve the expansion targets a respective

infrastructure needs to be built up. Investments are

required across the whole value-added chain of the

offshore wind energy. One major part is the demand

for installation vessels for turbines and foundations.

For the installation of “Baltic 1” sixty vessels have been

used. A maximum of 21 vessels have been at the con-

struction site at the same time. Those vessels have

been moved approximately 1,270 times in order to in-

stall the 21 turbines.

In addition to the vessels a multitude of ports were

needed in order to supply and assemble the com-

ponents, handle them and transport them to the

construction site. The ports need to be sufficiently

equipped for the large components that are handled

within the offshore wind energy. This includes espe-

cially the size of heavy duty storage and assembly

sites and the lifting ability of (quayside) cranes.

Maps of various offshore wind farms and the produc-

tion sites of the suppliers including the utilised ports

are shown in Module �. They clarify the complexity of

offshore wind farm logistics.

2.1.2 Funding conditions and models for the offshore wind energy The central funding instrument in Germany is the

feed-in tariff granted in accordance to regulations of

the “Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz (EEG)” (cf. Table 5).

There are several funding programmes in addition to

the EEG that assist the offshore wind energy:

Funding of industrial sites

Funding according to the “Energiekonzept”

(five billion Euro for the first ten offshore wind

farms)

Funding of research and development projects

Funding of European organisations (e. g. BARD

Offshore 1, Global Tech 1 and others)

Project sponsor “Jülich”

Top cluster competition by the federal govern-

ment

2.1.3 Profitability (without EEG) – “grid parity““Grid parity” can be defined as follows: “Electricity

generated via offshore wind energy and electricity

from the grid cost the same.”

Power collection of offshore wind energy is currently

organised via a feed-in compensation. Feed-in of gen-

erated power at market prices is not yet possible.

“grid parity“ - offshore wind energy profitable at mar-

ket prices - depends on a variety of factors: Power gen-

eration costs of the turbines, development of overall

power prices, legal regulations (e.g. EEG allocation or

similar systems), backup power for renewable ener-

gies, etc. Some of these factors influence each other.

It has to be highlighted that offshore wind energy has

evident advantages against the currently cheaper

onshore wind energy that is often fed in at market

prices: Larger turbines with a much higher number of

•

•

•

•

•

•

Initiative compensation 13 ct/kWh

Sprinter bonus 2 ct/kWh in addition to the initiative compensation if wind farm is inaugurated until �1.12.2015

Basic compensation 3.5 ct/kWh

Annual percentage reduction Five percent from the year 2015 onwards

Table 5: Feed-in tariff for the offshore wind energy in Germany according to EEG (Source: BMU)


full load hours are possible.

Therefore offshore wind energy has the potential to

be competitive without funding.

2.1.4 Legal framework regarding per-mitsGeneral conditions for the expansion of the offshore

wind energy in Germany are influenced by a variety of

agencies on a federal and federal state level. Addition-

ally, the respective laws and regulations have to be

regarded within the approval procedure.

Relevant federal agencies in Germany:

Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Con-

servation and Reactor Safety

Design of the general conditions for the expan-

sion of the offshore wind energy

Funding of research projects within the off-

shore wind energy amounting to 50 million €

July 2007: Submission of an experience report

regarding the EEG, suggesting an increase of

the feed-in compensation for offshore wind

energy turbines from 9,1 cent/kWh to 11 to 14

cent/kWh.

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban

Affairs

To a great degree involved in the development

of the legal framework for offshore wind ener-

gy turbines in the exclusive economic zone

The BSH (Federal Maritime and Hydrographic

Agency), which is responsible for the approval

of offshore wind energy turbines, is subordi-

nated to the Federal Ministry of Transport,

Building and Urban Affairs among others.

Federal Agency for Nature Conservation

Supports the Federal Ministry for the Environ-

ment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety

regarding all issues concerning nature conser-

vation in a specialist and scientific way.

Responsible for identifying suitable areas where

the erection of offshore wind energy turbines is

not to be objected from a nature conservation

perspective.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Federal Office for Environment

Serves as a scientific provider of information

and specialist consultant regarding environ-

mental issues

Realisation of research projects concerning the

influence of offshore wind energy turbines on

shipping safety and the marine ecosystem.

Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH)

Determination of suitable sea areas for off-

shore wind energy turbines in accordance to

the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Na-

ture Conservation and Reactor Safety and with

the participation of other involved ministries

and the public and after hearing of the federal

states

Responsible for the approval of offshore wind

energy turbines within the exclusive economic

zone

Responsible for the approval of the grid con-

nection segment running through the exclu-

sive economic zone

Federal state agencies in Germany:

Federal state agencies for Nature and Environ-

ment

Agencies subordinated to the federal state en-

vironmental ministries

Responsible for the management of declared

nature conservation areas

Federal state mining agencies

Responsible for the supervision of mining man-

agement as the highest mining authorities

Responsible for the coastal areas of the coun-

tries Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Ham-

burg and Bremen

Approval and surveillance of subsea cables

Offshore Wind Standing Committee of the Federal

government and the coastal states (STAOWind)

Coordination of approval procedures

Long term goal: Faster processing of approval

procedures

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•


The following illustration sketches the approval proc-

ess in Germany:

There are several laws and regulations to be regarded

within the offshore wind energy:

Renewable Energies Act (Erneuerbare Energien

Gesetz - EEG)

Grid operators are obliged to buy power gener-

ated from renewable energy sources at a pre-

scribed compensation rate

EEG-Amendment 2009: Feed-in compensation

for offshore wind energy turbines is 15 cent/

kWh for turbines that are inaugurated prior to

2016

Federal Maritime Responsibilities Act

Legal basis for the construction of offshore

wind energy turbines within the exclusive eco-

nomic zone

Basis for the Maritime Plant Ordinance

•

•

•

•

Maritime Plant Ordinance

Defines the prerequisites for the approval as

well as rejection causes in connection to the

erection of offshore wind energy turbines

Rejection causes include for example the inter-

ference of ship traffic as well as an endanger-

ment of maritime environment and bird migra-

tion

Regional Planning Act (Raumordnungsgesetz -

ROG)

Legal basis for the realisation of a regional plan-

ning procedure in order to examine the consist-

ency of offshore wind energy turbines with the

requirements of regional planning

Regulations for the processing of environmen-

tal impact assessments for constructions with-

in the exclusive economic zone

•

•

•

•

Completion of the documents

Applicant

Examination regarding spe-cies/biotope protection

Examination of compen-sation or substitutive

measures or funds

Submission of the applicationCheck for completenessPossibility to comment

application

Involvement of the publicExpansion of the participa-

tion panel

Environmental impact assessment

Risk assessment (e.g. ship collisions)

Distribution of the documents with the

possibility to comment

Involvement of the public

Discussion of comments and suggestions

Introduction of the project

Preparation of a frame for investigating the influence on the marine environment

Examination of approvability

Examination of approvability

BSH

WSD

Participation of application conference

Applicant

Participants of the hearing

BSH

BSH, public authorities and interest groups

Qualified companyQualified company

Public authorities and interest groups

BSH

Public authorities BSH Applicant

BSH

BfN

Early involvement of coastal countries regarding grid

connection

BSH, applicant

Approval or rejection

No

1. Participation panel

Yes

Start

2. Participation panel Application conference

Hearing

Illustration 2: Approval procedure within the offshore wind energy in Germany (Source: wind:research)


Federal Nature Conservation Act

Legal basis for the determination of protection

areas within the exclusive economic zone

Aims for a concentration of offshore wind en-

ergy turbines within designated zones for wind

energy

Infrastructure Planning Acceleration Act

Transmission network operators are obliged to

provide the grid connection for offshore wind

energy turbines

The resulting costs are allocated on the grid

operation

The energy concept of the federal government re-

solved by the cabinet is supposed to accelerate the

construction of offshore wind energy turbines. Main

decisions for the offshore wind energy within the en-

ergy concept include:

Demand of a massive expansion of the wind

energy, onshore as well as offshore

Assessment of the introduction of a tender in-

stead of fixed compensation rates for the gen-

erated power

Special programme „offshore wind energy“:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Credit volume of five billion in KfW credits for

„the first ten“ offshore wind farms at market

prices (exact definition is not available)

Assessment of flanking measures for the rapid

expansion

Amendment of the Maritime Plant Ordinance

2012 (prevention of keeping a stock of permits)

Long term expansion is supposed to be secured

by updating the regional planning

2.1.5 Technical standards, market bar-riers, test and demonstration facilities (full-scale)The technological development within the wind en-

ergy has been rapid. The energy yield has been in-

creased 20-fold between 1980 and 2000. The onshore

wind energy is more or less established. The pace of

the technological development has decreased signifi-

cantly, although new solutions are needed in order to

reduce costs and the dependency on funding.

Within the offshore wind energy the technological de-

velopment is still very dynamic. Many technological

challenges have not been solved or fully understood

yet. The following illustration gives an overview about

possible developments within the next ten years:

•

•

•

High voltage direct current transmis-

sion (HVDC) to the mainland

Subsea cables with integrated

fiber optics strands for opera-tion of the turbine

High voltage direct current (HVDC) over vir-tually unlimited lengths

using “light” cables

Grid nodes for the con-nection of multiple wind farms at sea as part of a

European “smart grid”

Grid connection

Series maturity of turbines with a capacity

between 2 to �.6 MW


between 5 to 6 MW


of up to 10 MW


of 20 MW

Capacity

TechnologyLocation

Rotor blades with a length of 60m (rotor

diameter 127m)Steel rotor blades

First turbines with direct grid coupling (without converter) in regular operation

Gearless turbines are used frequently

Rotor blades with a length of 90m

(rotor diameter up to 200m)

Gravity base founda-tions can be used in water depths above

�0m

Tripods and Tripiles are used most

frequently

Swimming wind farms in water

depths of more than 100m

Water depths of more than

60m utilis-able

>75%

25-50%

50 - 75%

<25%

Realisation probability

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Illustration �: Technical development within the offshore wind energy (Source: wind:research)


As of now, the European offshore wind energy mar-

ket is comparably small. Therefore, the demand of

offshore wind energy turbines and most components

can easily be fulfilled by the existing manufactur-

ers. They gain more and more experience and have

clear advantages against new-entries. Especially in

the turbine sector, the two main manufacturers are

dominating the market (about 90% market share, see

5.1.1.2).

There are a few full-scale demonstration facilities in

Germany. Many manufacturers have their own test

and demonstration facilities. An overview is given in

chapter 5.1.1.6.

2.1.6 Contractual standardsFor the realisation of an offshore wind farm a multi-

tude of contracts need to be signed.

40 contracts with a total of about 50,000 pages were

signed for Baltic 1. In order to realise the wind farm,

approximately �80 orders with very diverse volumes

were processed:

Order volume in € Number of re-spective orders

Share of total order volume

< 20,000 € 2�7 ca. 1 %

> 20,000 - 150,000 € 96 ca. � %

> 150,000 - 1,000,000 € �1 ca. 8 %

> 1,000,000 € 15 ca. 88 %

The advantages and disadvantages of EPCI respec-

tively MSC contracts are described in 5.1.1.4. At the

moment most offshore wind farms are realised as

MSC projects in order to split the risk between multi-

ple contractors.

Some of the market participants have entered stra-

tegic partnerships or framework agreements in order

to secure scarce capacities or resources. Examples

include Siemens and A2Sea, REpower and RWE or

DONG Energy and PNE WIND. These and further alli-

ances are described in �.2.�.

2.1.7 Grid technology and connection: PrerequisitesIn order to integrate the offshore wind energy into

existing national and international grid structures a

massive expansion of the grids is required.

The picture below shows the existing transmission

lines and their capacities.

Illustration 4: Existing transmission grid in Europe (Source: wind:research on the basis of EWEA)

There are already transmission lines that are planned

or in construction. The additional capacities to be re-

alised in the short term are not yet intended to cover

the expansion of the offshore wind energy but mini-

mize the existing bottlenecks.

It becomes evident, that a massive expansion is inevi-

table to integrate offshore wind energy. The substan-

tial effort connected to the grid integration poses a

risk for the planned realisation timelines.

The planned nodes for the integration of offshore

wind farms are shown on the following illustration.

Looking at the realisation timeframe, it becomes evi-

dent that an efficient and transnational feed-in and

transmission of offshore generated power is possible


at the end of the decade at least to a certain degree.

The „Supergrid“ propagated by the EWEA and the

ENTSO-E is available as a feed-in possibility at sea to

the offshore wind energy only after 2020 due to the

following reasons:

The financing of the mega project is partly not

specified at all.

The enforcement of the transmission lines be-

tween the countries (first expansion stage)

proceeds continuously (for example Ireland-

Wales, GB-France, Netherlands-Sweden).

Power cannot be fed into these lines yet, al-

though they run right next to the planned off-

shore wind farms.

In Germany massive investments into the grid are

also necessary. Next to financing the greatest hurdle

are civil protests. Legal regulations and the determi-

nation of national “corridors” for the expansion of the

North-South-connection could provide a remedy.

In France there are no great ambitions regarding grid

expansion to be expected. The Integration of Norway

(possibility of power storage utilising pumped-stor-

age plants) is only possible within an international

•

•

•

network. A short-term realisation is not to be expect-

ed.

2.1.8 Geographical conditions in Ger-many

Wind speed

Wind speed is crucial for offshore wind energy tur-

bines. Wind speed at the coast is roughly between

seven to nine m/s. Farther offshore wind speed in-

creases so that many of the planned offshore wind

farms will utilise wind speeds between nine to ten m/

s. Offshore wind energy turbines usually operate best

at wind speeds of around twelve m/s. “alpha ventus”

operates around 4,�00 full load hours. Illustration 6

shows wind speed in Germany:

Water depth

The German coastal waters are comparably shallow

(cf. Illustration 7 and Illustration 8). However, espe-

cially within the 12 see mile zone there are extensive

protection areas (e. g. Wadden Sea, “Vorpommersche

Boddenlandschaft”; cf. Illustration 12 and Illustration

1�). In order to protect these areas and touristic inter-

ests, most of the offshore wind farms in Germany are

planned outside the 12 see mile zone where the water

Illustration 5: Overview of transmission grid incl. planned feed-in nodes and inauguration dates (Source: wind:research on the basis of EWEA)

Market specifics – challenges and authority support1�

is deeper (between 20 and 60 meter). The wind farms

are illustrated in Module �.

Significant wave height and swell

Illustration 9 shows the significant wave height and

the wave direction in the North Sea and parts of the

Baltic Sea. It can be seen that the wave height in the

German part of the Baltic Sea is not as high as in the

North Sea. Conditions in the German Baltic Sea are

generally more benign than in the North Sea making

it easier to install and service offshore wind turbines

but also limiting the potential energy yield.

Illustration 10 shows the significant wave height and

swell at different measuring points in the German

seas. It can be seen that the maximum significant

wave height in 2010 was highest at measuring points

far offshore.

The significant wave height and swell vary consider-

ably within short time periods. Work at sea is there-

fore hard to plan and has to be interrupted due to

changing weather conditions at short notice. Suffi-

cient weather windows open predominantly within

the summer months. The conditions in the Baltic Sea

Illustration 6: Wind speed in Germany (Source: wind:research on the basis of meteosim Truewind)

Illustration 7: Water depth within the German North Sea (Source: BSH)

Illustration 8: Water depth within the German Baltic Sea (Source: BSH)

Illustration 9: Significant wave height and wave direction in the North Sea (Source: oceanweather inc.)


are generally more favourable due to the “protected”

location. However, parts of the Baltic Sea are covered

with ice during winter months.

Jack-up-barges of the newer generation are capable

to operate at significant wave heights of up to 2.5 me-

ters and increase the yearly availability considerably

(cf. 5.2.1). The following illustration shows the signifi-

cant wave height and swell at measuring point West-

erland off the shore of Sylt:

Protection areas

As already indicated above there is a number of pro-

tection areas in the German seas. In addition to the

national parks (e. g. Wadden Sea and “Vorpommer-

sche Boddenlandschaft”) near the coast, there are

areas way offshore that are also protected. The fol-

lowing two maps show the protection areas in the

German North Sea and Baltic Sea:

Illustration 10: Significant wave height and swell at different measuring points in the German seas (Source: wind:research on the basis of BSH)

Illustration 11: Significant wave height and swell at measuring point „Westerland“ (Source: BSH)


Different uses and space availability of the German

seas

Illustration 14 shows that large parts of the German

seas are already used or are reserved for nature pro-

tection areas leaving limited space in favourable

distances for the offshoe wind energy. Most of the

available and profitable sites are already reserved by

different project developers.

2.1.9 Other essential general conditions

Personnel:

Europe:

The rapid growth of the offshore wind energy branch

and the forecasted development of the installed ca-

pacity have positive influence on the job market. it

is estimated that two new jobs are created for every

MW of installed capacity. There is an increasing de-

mand of qualified personnel.

Germany:

Thousands of new jobs have been and will be gener-

ated by the offshore wind energy (the exact amount

is currently estimated by the Bundesverband WindEn-

ergie e.V.). The following illustration shows the esti-

mated number of employees in the on- and offshore

wind energy in Germany and the renewable energies

sector in general (cf. Table 5).

Illustration 12: Protection areas within the German North Sea (Source: BSH)

Illustration 1�: Protection areas within the German Baltic Sea (Source: BSH)

Illustration 14: Use of areas within the German seas (Source: BSH)

Jobs created by investments (in-cluding export)

Jobs created in maintenance and operation

Jobs created by supply of bio-

masst

Total jobs in 2009

Total jobs in 2008

Total jobs in 2007

Wind 84,400 17,�00 102,100 95,600 85,700

Total 209,000 66,400 57,600 333,000 317,200 272,800

Employment provided by public/common use funding 6,500 4,900 4,500

Total 339,500 322,100 277,300

Table 5: Estimation of personnel employed in wind energy compared to the renewable sector in general (Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety)


But due to the high demand within the offshore wind

energy there is a future lack of qualified personnel in

any sector:

Planning

Turbine operation

Component manufacture

Maintenance

Turbine installation

There is a high demand of:

Electricians

Laminators

Locksmiths

Composite fibre technicians

Mechatronics

The employment agency sees new perspectives

for long-term unemployed and provides education

vouchers (Source: Employment agency)

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Resources:

Vessels:

For the realisation of an offshore wind farm a high

number of specialised vessels is needed (cp. 2.1.1.5).

They are required for various tasks:

Soil investigation

Transport and installation of foundations

Transport and installation of turbines

Cable laying

Transport and installation of transformation

platforms

Transport of spare material and personnel

Accommodation vessels

At the moment specialised vessels constitute a seri-

ous bottleneck for the industry. Especially turbine and

foundation installation vessels are not sufficiently

available. Many installation vessel new-builds will

ease the situation significantly. Hydraulic hammers

for the installation of foundation piles are also needed

in large numbers and increasing diameters.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Illustration 15: Crude steel prices (Source: incrediblecharts.com)

�50

�00

250

200

150

100

Jan-

07

Apr

-07

Jul-

07

Oct

-07

Jan-

08

Apr

-08

Jul-

08

Oct

-08

Jan-

09

Apr

-09

Jul-

09

Oct

-09

Jan-

10

Global

North America

Europe

Asia

CRU Steel Price Indexes


Port infrastructure:

There are not enough suitable ports in the wake of

the current and future demand. For the installation

of “alpha ventus”, “Baltic 1” and “BARD Offshore 1” for-

eign ports have been used at least for some of the

chores. A detailed map of the production sites and

the utilised ports for can be found in �.2.

The following capacities are demanded in or near

ports:

Foundation manufacture

Turbine manufacture

Cable manufacture

Helicopter landing sites

Handling capacities

Prices:

Raw materials

Within the offshore wind energy industry many raw

materials are required. The copper price is heavily

fluctuating. There has been a rapid increase after a

dramatic decline at the end of 2008. Steel prices are

comparably constant and there are only few price

peaks. Apart from 2008 steel prices have been more

or less on the same level since 2007 (see Illustration

15). Rare earths that are needed for the manufacture

of wind energy turbines are scarce after a serious re-

striction of supply from China.

The prices of most of the raw materials increase so

that the task of reducing production costs becomes

more and more challenging. The rise of fuel prices

also leads to higher operation costs of re-spective ve-

hicles (e. g. specialised vessels, helicopters)

The demand for steel in the offshore wind energy is

enormous so that the price development has a heavy

influence on the industry. A single foundation turbine

combination can use between 900 and 1,800 tons of

different qualities of steel. There is a wide range of

required qualities covering (rolled) crude steel plates

for tower segments and foundation pipes as well as

solid high-grade steel for gearboxes and main shafts.

•

•

•

•

•

Market Structure – Organisations, Competition, Alliances18

3 Market Structure – Organisations, Competition, Alliances

The following chapter describes the structure of

the German offshore market with a focus on estab-

lished organisations and companies their alliances

and interplay.

In the first step the chapter will introduce the as-

sociations which are engaged in the market as

branch representatives and their targets. The sec-

ond step is a description of the competition in the

market. A detailed description of the competitors

follows in chapter 5 and in the profiles contained

in the appendix. Selected alliances in the market

are described in the third step of the chapter. Co-

operation between component manufacturers in

tier 2 and 3 of the value-added chain and groups of

companies is described.

3.1 Organisations and their roleBased on the fact that all processes in the offshore

wind energy are pioneer work, networking between

the market participants and exchange of experiences

and information is widely accepted. Lobbying for the

young branch is an important instrument to establish

the offshore wind energy. The following portraits of

organisations show the landscape of organisations of

the offshore wind energy branch in Germany.

German WindEnergy Association (Bundesverband

Windenergie e.V.)

BWE is the largest renewable energy association in

the world, with about 20,000 members at present.

The BWE is active in onshore as well as in offshore

wind energy.

Its members include wind turbine manufacturers,

operators and their shareholders, planning offices,

financiers, scientists, engineers, technicians and law-

yers, as well as young conservationists and students.

BWE pools expertise and experience from the entire

industry.

The German Wind Energy Association (BWE) partici-

pates in major associations and committees at an in-

ternational level. Their goal is to bring about better

international conditions for the use of wind energy

and thus to create positive export conditions for Ger-

man companies. At a European level, the association

is also committed to ensuring that the prerequisites

for a stable domestic market are in place. To this end,

BWE collaborates with the European Wind Energy As-

sociation (EWEA) and the European Renewable Ener-

gies Federation (EREF). BWE is also a member of the

global associations WWEA (World Wind Energy Asso-

ciation) and GWEC (Global Wind Energy Council). In

order to promote international business cooperation,

BWE also participates in the Renewable Energies Ex-

port Initiative funded by the German Federal Ministry

of Economics and Technology. The association also

works with the GT Z wind energy programme TERNA

and is involved in the German-French Coordination

Centre for Renewable Energy.

Offshore Forum Windenergie

The “OFW GbR” is a pool of project developers for off-

shore wind farms in the North and Baltic Sea.

Functioning as a lobby for the offshore wind energy

their targets are: Advancement of legal framework,

economical and administrative conditions to allow

the political targets on technical and economical

level.

Each member committed itself to refrain from ap-

plications in planning areas of other members and

investments in companies, which file applications in

concurrence to member planning areas.

Stiftung Offshore Windenergie, German Offshore

Wind Energy Foundation (GOWEF)

The German Offshore Wind Energy Foundation


(GOWEF) was created in 2005 as ‘Foundation of the

German Industry for the Use and Research of Wind

Energy on the Sea’, initiated by the Ministry of Envi-

ronment, and supported by the respective coastal

states (federal states) in northern Germany, as well

as industry partners who have been active in the off-

shore wind energy sector.

The main idea behind the establishment of the Foun-

dation was to have an independent institution which

supports the expansion of offshore wind energy in

Germany, bundling various interests and acting as

a unified voice to speak with politicians, the public,

business and the scientific community.

WAB Windenergieagentur Bremerhaven Bremen

e.V.

wab is a network of wind energy companies and in-

stitutes. It is also a liaising agency to the politically

responsible bodies and local public authorities. They

support their members by conducting industry stud-

ies and initiating research projects. Furthermore they

assist their network partners by offering seminars,

study trips, market analyses and trade fair represen-

tation.

WAB helps international companies find suitable

partners in the north-west region for anything relat-

ed to onshore or offshore wind farms - from planning,

financing and construction to the actual installation

and operation of wind turbines.

windcomm schleswig-holstein

windcomm schleswig-holstein is a network agency in

the field of wind energy. It acts as a partner for com-

panies and organisations that specialize in this field

or wish to enter the wind energy business in the re-

gion Schleswig-Holstein. It is a project of Wirtschafts-

förderungsgesellschaft Nordfriesland, the economic

development agency of North Frisia. The economic

development agency of Rendsburg-Eckernförde dis-

trict and the Development Company Brunsbüttel

(egeb) are project partners of windcomm.

windcomm schleswig-holstein is funded by the state

of Schleswig-Holstein and by the European Fund for

Regional Development (EFRE) through the Future

Strategies Programme for Business Development.

WindEnergy Network Rostock

The Wind EnergyNetwork Rostock e. V. is a network of

currently 82 companies from the wind energy sector.

The association exists as a platform for companies on

all steps of value chain in this sector and it champions

the strengthening of domestic companies and the

settlement of new wind energy companies through

active lobbying work, company networking, the pool-

ing of information and know-how and the represen-

tation of the network at trade-fairs.

The objective of the society is to further develop the

region of Rostock and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

into one of the leading regions for wind energy exper-

tise in Germany.

Windkraftwerke e.V.

Founded in 1997 the WVW the work focuses on in-

fluencing the process of establishing the EEG. Com-

panies working in the field of on- and offshore wind

energy are members of the WVW.


3.2 Development of the competition At the moment, the market is influenced mainly by

“first movers” and few “smart followers”. However, a

strong to average competition intensity is perceived

by most of the market participants.

3.2.1 Competition structureThe number of market participants within turbine

manufacture is quite limited. There are about nine

major market participants (including those with tur-

bines in development) for turbine manufacturing:

Alstom (France)

AREVA Wind (Germany, France)

BARD Engineering (Germany)

General Electric (USA)

Clipper (USA)

Nordex (Germany)

REpower (Germany)

Siemens (Denmark, Germany)

Vestas (Denmark)

GE Energy (USA) takes over the Norwegian ScanWind

and plans the entry into the offshore wind energy

market. Acciona, Alstom, Clipper and Nordex are cur-

rently developing own turbines/plants.

Especially for gearboxes, rolling bearings, control

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

technology and lubrication systems wind energy is

only one area of application, so many companies have

their core business in other areas (automotive, ship-

building, machine tools etc.).

The leading Manufacturers of foundations are Aker

(Norway), Ambau (Germany), Bilfinger Berger (Ger-

many), Bladt (Denmark), Burntisland Fabrications

(United Kingdom), Cuxhaven Steel Constructions

(Germany), MT Højgaard (Denmark), Per Aarsleff

(Denmark), SIAG (Germany) and Smulders (Belgium).

With their actual production capacities they can not

satisfy the targets for the yearly planned expansion of

offshore wind energy in Europe.

3.2.2 AlliancesIn order to secure a steady supply of offshore wind

turbines and limit the waiting periods, stratetic part-

nerships were contracted between DONG Energy and

Siemens and between RWE Innogy and REpower as

well in 2009.

Component suppliers have joint ventures as well.

PowerBlades for example is a joint venture between

REpower and the rotor blade manufacturer SGL Rotec

(former A&R Rotec). An example of foundation manu-

facturers include Per Aarsleff and Bilfinger&Berger

How do you judge the competition intensity in your field of business?(n=68)

Plant manufacturers/suppliers

Port builders/operators

Logistics companies

Offshore construction companies

Shipyards/shipping companies

Wind farm operators and project planners

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Share of answers [%]High Medium Low

7�%

50%

46%

60%

4�%

47%

7%

25%

�1%

40%

4�%

24%

1�%

25%

2�%

14%

24%

Illustration 16: Evaluation of intensity of competition, interview of market participants (Source: wind:research, 2010)


that work together in different projects (e.g. installa-

tion of foundations for the offshore wind farm “Horns

Rev 2”).

REpower Systems AG and RWE Innogy GmbH con-

tracted a framework agreement about the delivery

of 250 turbines (5M/6M). About 150 of these turbines

will be installed in the offshore wind farm “Innogy

Nordsee 1”. Further 48 Turbines will be installed in the

offshore wind farm “Nordsee Ost”.

Further alliances between Siemens and DONG Ener-

gy (Walney 1+2, London Array und Lincs) or between

REpower a subsidiary of Vattenfall for the wind farm

“Ormonde” exist. Nordex and EnBW AG have signed

cooperation contracts for future projects as well.

3.2.3 Consolidation Trends

Turbine manufacture:

As already described in section �.2.1, there are only a

few manufacturers of offshore wind energy turbines.

Areva just recently bought all remaining shares of

Multibrid from the shareholder Prokon (N-prior) be-

coming the sole owner of the turbine manufacturer

and renaming the company in Areva Wind. The domi-

nant role of Siemens in the market also shows that

a high investment for developing/installing offshore

turbines is necessary. Insurance and guarantee for

offshore turbines is an additional barrier which deters

smaller turbine manufacturer from entering the mar-

ket.

Project developer/owner:

In Germany, only �9 percent of approved offshore

wind projects are owned by large utilities, whereas

28 percent continue to be held by independent devel-

opers. Most of those projects will be sold sooner or

later. The wind energy lobby in Germany prefers an

ownership by smaller energy suppliers or others, the

dominance of the “big four” energy suppliers as in the

conventional power plant park shall be avoided. Ide-

ally, the dominance of E.ON, EnBW, RWE and Vatten-

fall could be reduced in the renewable energy market.

But the risks of erecting and operating an offshore

wind farm can only be carried with a strong financial

background. There are joint ventures of smaller en-

ergy suppliers like Trianel which invest in the offshore

wind energy. The major part of the investments will

be made by the big players.

3.2.4 Development of the competition intensityAt the moment there is only little competition in the

market of �.6 to 5-MW-plants because of the small

number of competitors and the high future demand.

Based on the high demand of 5-MW-turbines it can be

assumed that further manufacturers will enter the

market. Acciona and Gamesa will enter the market

with turbines of �-�.5 MW rated capacity and Clip-

per with a 7.5-MW-turbine. General Electric will enter

the market with a 4-MW-turbine without a gearbox,

which is a direct rival product to the gearless turbine

of Siemens. Because of high development costs and

requirements on reliability of the turbines in offshore

operation there will be only a few financially strong

companies which are able to establish their products

in this sector.

3.3 Structural market barriers

Financing:

Financers usually judge the offshore wind energy in

Germany as a high-risk branch because of the com-

parably low level of experience for example with long

distances to the shore and high water depths. At the

moment, only larger market participants can suc-

cessfully realise their projects. The planned program

for supporting the first projects by the KfW (see also

description in chapter 2) will help to initiate the off-

shore wind energy in Germany. The required criteria

for getting the support will be published in April 2011.

Electricity Grid:

Grid connection and the energy transport into the

federal states is one of the most important Condi-

tion for the development of the offshore wind energy.

There is strong resistance amongst the communities

against the further development of the transmission

grid especially in Germany. According to the last study

about the necessary grid development by the DENA

(Deutsche Energie-Agentur, German Energy Agency)

additional electrical lines of more than �,500 km are

necessary to reach the requirements for the targets of


the development of renewable energies.

Market barriers for foreign component manufac-

turers, suppliers and investors:

In the multi-megawatt sector of offshore turbines

German technology is leading in the market. As al-

ready described, the network in the offshore wind en-

ergy market is highly developed. So new technologies

and materials, etc. are often discussed in an early sta-

dium of development (see also Chapter 5 for details

about suppliers). To become successfully involved

within the German industry it is advantageous to join

the established organisations and events. Tenders for

the projects must be published over the TED the Euro-

pean Tender portal.

Chances for suppliers can arise by technical innova-

tions for larger turbines. Innovations in the sector of

fatigue of material (moving parts) and corrosion re-

sistant materials are promising as well.

Projects2�

4 Projects

The following module is supposed to give an over-

view of offshore wind energy projects in Germany

in operation, under construction, consented and

in a planning stage. The description of the projects

helps to estimate the existing potential within the

offshore wind energy in Germany. A run-up curve

illustrates one possible development of the further

construction of offshore turbines until 2030. An

outlook until 2050 is given as well.

4.1 Overview, list of projects, overall planned installed capacity etc.The following illustration shows the offshore wind

farms in operation, under construction, consented

and in a planning stage. Most of the wind farms are in

the south-western part of the North Sea. In compari-

son, only few wind farms are planned in the Baltic Sea

because of the limited potential and space.

The following table gives an overview of offshore wind

farms in operation, under construction, consented

and in an early planning stage in Germany. When

compared to the goals set by the federal government

it can be seen that enough projects are planned in or-

der to achieve the ambitious goals. However, a lot of

questions remain concerning for example funding, fi-

nancing, consenting, logistics and production capaci-

ties.

Illustration 17: Offshore wind farms in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea (Source: wind:research on the basis of BSH)

Projects24

Ran

kW

ind

farm

Des

crip

tio

n o

f th

e w

ind

farm

Stat

us

of

the

pro

ject

Ow

ner

Sea

Tur-

bin

esC

apac

ity

(MW

)

Wat

er

dep

th

(m)

Dis

tan

ce

fro

m s

ho

re

(km

)O

wn

erO

wn

er s

tru

ctu

re

1al

pha

vent

usN

orth

Sea

1260

Ca.

�0

45In

ope

rati

onD

OTI

•

EWE

(47,

5%)

• E.

on (2

6,25

%)

• Va

tten

fall

(26,

25%

)

2B

alti

c I

Bal

tic

Sea

2148

.�C

a. 18

16U

nder

con

-st

ruct

ion

EnB

W E

rneu

erba

re E

nerg

ien

and

ca. 2

0 u

tilit

ies

• En

BW

Ern

euer

bare

Ene

rgie

n (5

1%)

• C

a. 2

0 u

tilit

ies

(49%

)

�B

AR

D O

ffsh

ore

1N

orth

Sea

8040

0�9

to

4189

Und

er c

on-

stru

ctio

nSü

dwes

tstr

om, W

V En

ergi

e Fr

ankf

urt

• Sü

dwes

tstr

om (7

0%

)•

WV

Ener

gie

Fran

kfur

t (�

0%

)

4B

alti

c 2

Bal

tic

Sea

8028

820

to

40�2

Und

er c

on-

stru

ctio

nEn

BW

Ern

euer

bare

Ene

rgie

n•

EnB

W E

nerg

ie B

aden

-Wür

ttem

berg

5B

orku

m W

est

II (P

hase

1)N

orth

Sea

4020

0C

a. �

045

Con

sent

edTr

iane

l•

�� (m

unic

ipal

) uti

litie

s

6M

EG O

ffsh

ore

1N

orth

Sea

8040

027

to

��40

Con

sent

edW

indr

eich

AG

7G

loba

l Tec

h I

Nor

th S

ea80

400

�9 t

o 41

9�C

onse

nted

Glo

bal T

ech

I Off

shor

e W

ind

Gm

bH

• SW

M (2

8,28

%)

• H

EAG

(24,

9%)

• EG

L (2

4,1%

)•

Win

drei

ch A

G (1

2,71

%)

• Fa

mili

e M

eltl

(10

%)

8D

anTy

skN

orth

Sea

8028

821

to

�170

Con

sent

edD

anTy

sk O

ffsh

ore

Win

d G

mbH

•

Vatt

enfa

ll (5

1%)

• SW

M (4

9%)

9H

ochs

ee W

indp

ark

He

Dre

iht

Nor

th S

ea80

400

Ca.

�9

80C

onse

nted

EnB

W E

rneu

erba

re E

nerg

ien

• En

BW

Ene

rgie

Bad

en-W

ürtt

embe

rg

10En

BW

Hoh

e Se

eN

orth

Sea

8040

026

to

�990

Con

sent

edEn

BW

Ern

euer

bare

Ene

rgie

n•

EnB

W E

nerg

ie B

aden

-Wür

ttem

berg

11B

orku

m R

iffga

tN

orth

Sea

�010

818

to

2�14

,5C

onse

nted

EWE

• W

eser

-Em

s-En

ergi

ebet

eilig

unge

n G

mbH

(59%

)•

EnB

W E

nerg

ie B

aden

-Wür

ttem

berg

AG

(26%

)•

Ener

giev

erba

nd E

lbe-

Wes

er B

etei

ligun

gsho

ldin

g G

mbH

(15%

)

12N

ords

ee O

stN

orth

Sea

4828

819

to

24�0

Con

sent

edR

WE

Inno

gy•

RW

E

1�N

orde

rgrü

nde

Nor

th S

ea18

904

to 14

22C

onse

nted

Ener

giek

onto

r

14H

e dr

eiht

IIN

orth

Sea

2814

0C

a. �

985

Con

sent

edEn

BW

Ern

euer

bare

Ene

rgie

n•

EnB

W E

nerg

ie B

aden

-Wür

ttem

berg

15

Off

shor

e-W

indp

ark

Del

ta N

ords

ee 1

(EN

-O

VA O

ffsh

ore

Nor

th

Sea

Win

dpow

er)

Nor

th S

ea48

288

29 t

o �5

�9C

onse

nted

E.O

N E

nerg

y Pr

ojec

ts•

E.O

N

16N

ördl

iche

r Gru

ndN

orth

Sea

64�2

027

to

�884

Con

sent

edN

ördl

iche

r Gru

nd G

mbH

• G

EO G

esel

lsch

aft

für E

nerg

ie u

nd O

ekol

ogie

mbH

• re

nerg

ys G

mbH

17G

ode

Win

d II

Nor

th S

ea84

252

28 t

o ��

40C

onse

nted

PNE

WIN

D

18Ve

ja M

ate

Nor

th S

ea80

400

�9 t

o 41

90C

onse

nted

BA

RD

-Gro

up

19A

mru

mba

nk W

est

Nor

th S

ea80

400

20 t

o 25

�6C

onse

nted

Am

rum

bank

Wes

t G

mbH

• E.

ON

Ene

rgy

Proj

ects

20O

ffsh

ore-

Win

dpar

k “D

euts

che

Buc

ht”

Nor

th S

ea42

27�

Ca.

40

110

Con

sent

edW

indr

eich

AG

21B

uten

diek

Nor

th S

ea80

400

Ca.

20

�4C

onse

nted

wpd

22W

ikin

ger

Bal

tic

Sea

80�2

021

to

�4�5

Con

sent

edIb

erdr

ola

2�D

elta

Nor

dsee

2N

orth

Sea

�219

2C

a. 4

040

Con

sent

edE.

ON

Ene

rgy

Proj

ects

Projects25

24A

rkon

a-B

ecke

n Sü

dost

Bal

tic

Sea

8040

021

to

�8�5

Con

sent

edE.

ON

Ene

rgy

Proj

ects

25B

orku

m R

iffgr

und

Nor

th S

ea89

�20

.42�

to

2955

Con

sent

edD

ON

G E

nerg

y

26B

orku

m W

est

II (P

hase

2)

Nor

th S

ea40

200

Ca.

�0

45C

onse

nted

Tria

nel

27Sa

ndba

nk 2

4N

orth

Sea

9648

0�0

to

4090

Con

sent

edSa

ndba

nk P

ower

Gm

bH &

C

o. K

G

• E-

Win

dgat

e G

mbH

[70

% E

WiN

DG

ATE

Ltd.

, Kor

ea;

�0%

Min

orit

y Sh

areh

olde

rs)

28G

ode

Win

d I

Nor

th S

ea80

400

28 t

o �4

40C

onse

nted

PNE

God

e W

ind

I Gm

bH•

PNE

WIN

D

29M

eerw

ind

Ost

Nor

th S

ea40

144

2� t

o 26

80C

onse

nted

Win

dMW

Gm

bH &

Co

Ran

d K

G•

Bla

ckst

one

(80

%)

• W

indl

and

Ener

giee

rzeu

gung

s G

mbH

(20

%)

�0M

eerw

ind

Süd

Nor

th S

ea40

144

2� t

o 26

80C

onse

nted

Win

dMW

Gm

bH &

Co

Föhn

KG

• B

lack

ston

e (8

0 %

)•

Win

dlan

d En

ergi

eerz

eugu

ngs

Gm

bH (2

0 %

)

�1B

orku

m R

iffgr

und

Wes

tN

orth

Sea

8040

029

to

��50

Con

sent

edEn

ergi

ekon

tor

�2G

EOFR

eEB

alti

c Se

a5

25C

a. 2

019

Con

sent

edG

EO m

bH

Plan

ned

win

d fa

rms

(not

yet

con

sent

ed)

��Eu

klas

160

480

Plan

ned

�4In

nogy

Nor

dsee

I15

082

5Pl

anne

d

�5O

ffsh

ore

Win

dpar

k “A

uste

rngr

und”

8040

0Pl

anne

d

�6A

reaC

II80

400

Plan

ned

�7A

reaC

III

8040

0Pl

anne

d

�8B

ight

Pow

er I

8040

0Pl

anne

d

�9B

ight

Pow

er II

8040

0Pl

anne

d

40K

aska

si40

200

Plan

ned

41B

orku

m R

iffgr

und

II77

�46.

5Pl

anne

d

42B

alti

cEag

le80

480

Plan

ned

4�B

alti

c Po

wer

Eas

t80

400

Plan

ned

44B

alti

c Po

wer

Wes

t80

400

Plan

ned

45A

lbat

ros

8040

0Pl

anne

d

46A

reaC

I80

400

Plan

ned

47A

iolo

s80

400

Plan

ned

48A

quam

arin

8040

0Pl

anne

d

49B

erns

tein

8040

0Pl

anne

d

50C

itri

n80

400

Plan

ned

51D

iam

ant

8040

0Pl

anne

d

52K

aika

s11

055

0Pl

anne

d

5�N

otos

��16

5Pl

anne

d

54B

orku

m R

iffgr

und

Wes

t II

8040

0Pl

anne

d

55O

WP

Wes

t42

210

Plan

ned

56Se

a St

orm

8040

0Pl

anne

d

Projects26

Ran

kW

ind

farm

Des

crip

tio

n o

f th

e w

ind

farm

Ow

ner

Sea

Tur-

bin

esC

apac

ity

(MW

)

Wat

er

dep

th

(m)

Dis

tan

ce

fro

m s

ho

re

(km

)

Stat

us

of

the

pro

ject

Ow

ner

Ow

ner

str

uct

ure

57H

oriz

ont

8040

0Pl

anne

d

58H

oriz

ont

Ost

8040

0Pl

anne

d

59H

oriz

ont W

est

66��

0Pl

anne

d

60N

ordp

assa

ge80

400

Plan

ned

61B

elts

ee60

�00

Plan

ned

62G

AIA

I80

400

Plan

ned

6�G

AIA

II40

200

Plan

ned

64G

AIA

III

8040

0Pl

anne

d

65G

AIA

IV68

�40

Plan

ned

66G

AIA

V80

400

Plan

ned

67Se

a St

orm

II56

280

Plan

ned

68Se

a W

ind

I80

400

Plan

ned

69Se

a W

ind

II80

400

Plan

ned

70Se

a W

ind

III57

285

Plan

ned

71Se

a W

ind

IV78

�90

Plan

ned

72A

dler

grun

d G

AP

�118

6Pl

anne

d

7�A

dler

grun

d N

ordk

ap�1

155

Plan

ned

74M

eerw

ind

Wes

t50

250

Plan

ned

75Sa

ndba

nk 2

4 Ex

ten-

sion

8040

0Pl

anne

d

76Sk

ua80

400

Plan

ned

77Ve

ntoT

ec N

ord

II50

150

Plan

ned

78W

itte

Ban

k11

859

0Pl

anne

d

79A

dler

grun

d 50

0�1

186

Plan

ned

80A

rcad

is O

st 1

70�5

0Pl

anne

d

81W

ikin

ger A

O 2

2512

5Pl

anne

d

82A

rcon

aSee

Süd

8040

0Pl

anne

d

8�A

rkon

aSee

Ost

�015

0Pl

anne

d

84A

rkon

aSee

Wes

t80

400

Plan

ned

85G

loba

lTec

h II

76�8

0Pl

anne

d

86G

loba

lTec

h III

2110

5Pl

anne

d

87H

2-20

8040

0Pl

anne

d

88H

ochs

ee T

estf

eld

Hel

gola

nd19

95Pl

anne

d

89B

eta

Bal

tic

5015

0Pl

anne

d

90H

ütte

r Off

shor

e I

8040

0Pl

anne

d

91H

ütte

r Off

shor

e II

8040

0Pl

anne

d

Projects27

4.1.1 Installed capacity until 2020, 2030 and 2050The following table shows the installed capacity in

Germany todate, until 2020 and 20�0 according to

the wind:research forecast:

Installed capacity in MW

Todate 2020 2030

North Sea 145 ca. 8,600 ca. 19,600

Baltic Sea 48.� ca. 1,�00 ca. 2,800

Total 193.3 ca. 9,900 ca. 22,400

Table 7: Installed capacity in Germany todate, until 2020 and 20�0 (Source: wind:research)

The installed capacity until 2050 cannot be reason-

ably forecasted as of now. Until 20�0 the industry

will be well established and the infrastructure will be

meeting the demand. Until 2050 wind farms will be

built in most of the project areas. It is expected, that

after 20�0 the installed capacity in the offshore wind

energy can be increased partly by repowering meas-

ures. Until 2050 repowering becomes more and more

important. The overall development will be similar to

the onshore wind energy.

4.1.2 Run-up curvewind:research collects data of German and interna-

tional wind farms in an extensive database (ca. ��0

criteria according to value-added steps). Criteria in-

clude for example:

Approval status (turbines and grid connection)

Financing and insurance status

Investment (wind farm in total; each compo-

nent)

Contract status for each component

Contract status for the installation of each

component

Start and end of construction for each compo-

nent

Contract status for operation & maintenance

According to a complex rating system the wind farms

are evaluated regarding their realisation probability

and put into a realisation order. Based on the reali-

sation order and existing as well as future capacities

(ports, vessels etc.) the future expansion of the off-

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Tabl

e 6:

Ove

rvie

w o

f off

shor

e w

ind

farm

pro

ject

s in

Ger

man

y (S

ourc

e: w

ind:

rese

arch

)

92H

ütte

r Off

shor

e III

8040

0Pl

anne

d

9�H

ütte

r Off

shor

e IV

8040

0Pl

anne

d

94N

emo

1�6

680

Plan

ned

95N

auti

lus

1�5

675

Plan

ned

96Ju

les

Vern

e16

080

0Pl

anne

d

97En

ova

Off

shor

e N

SWP

481

486

Plan

ned

98En

ova

Off

shor

e N

SWP

585

510

Plan

ned

99En

ova

Off

shor

e N

SWP

684

504

Plan

ned

100

Enov

a O

ffsh

ore

NSW

P 7

9557

0Pl

anne

d

101

Stro

m-N

ord

4527

0Pl

anne

d

102

Win

dank

er57

�42

Plan

ned

Tota

l7,

156

35,4

95

Projects28

shore wind energy is forecasted. Illustration 18 shows

the forecasted annual construction of installed ca-

pacity in Germany.

Annual construction rates of installed capacity in the

German offshore wind energy increase rapidly syn-

chronously to the equipment of ports, installation

Annual construction of installed capacity in the offshore wind energy in MW in Germany

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

2010

2011

2012

201�

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

202�

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

20�0

North Sea Baltic Sea

Illustration 18: Annual construction of installed capacity in Germany (Source: wind:research)

Installed capacity in the offshore wind energy in MW in Germany

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

2010

2011

2012

201�

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

202�

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

20�0

North Sea Baltic Sea

Illustration 19: Cumulated installed capacity in the offshore wind energy in MW in Germany (Source: wind:research)

Projects29

vessels and the expansion of manufacturing sites.

From 201� on a more or less constant level of con-

struction capacities is achieved. The realisation of

the planned offshore wind farms will continue well

beyond 20�0 when repowering of existing offshore

wind farms slowly starts.

Illustration 19 shows the cumulated installed capacity

in the offshore wind energy in Germany. Most of the

installed capacity will be in the North Sea. The targets

of the federal government until 2020 and until 20�0

will be missed slightly (see also Table 7).

4.2 Projects in detail“alpha ventus” is the first offshore wind farm that has

been realised in Germany. It was already consented in

2001. The grid connection was built starting in 2007.

Construction at sea started in 2008 with the grid

connection and the installation of the substation.

Construction work had to be postponed many times

because of bad weather leading to serious delays. The

charter of suitable vessels was another important is-

sue with “alpha ventus”. One of the largest and most

expensive vessels on the market had to be used be-

cause others were not available at the time. The wind

farm is in operation since fall 2009 and was officially

inaugurated in April 2010.

“Baltic 1” is the first commercial wind farm in the

German Baltic Sea. Compared to “alpha ventus” and

especially to most of the other planned projects in

Germany the wind farm is relatively small. It is a good

project to gain experience and continue with the re-

alisation of larger projects afterwards. On September,

the second, the installation of the 21 turbines was fin-

ished well in advance to the planned schedule. A ma-

jor problem is the (still) remaining grid connection.

“BARD Offshore 1” is the first commercial offshore

wind farm in the German North Sea. The BARD-

Group is the only player that offers turn-key projects

in Germany. For this purpose it has built up crucial ca-

pacities like an installation vessel and a service vessel.

However, BARD lags behind its previously intended

schedule to a significant degree mainly because of

different accidents and bad weather. The wind farm is

intended to be inaugurated in late 2011. The first clus-

ter of eight turbines (40 MW) was connected to the

grid in December 2010.

“Baltic 2” is the second offshore wind farm of the Ger-

man utility EnBW. All the major contracts have been

awarded so that the project is well on its way. The grid

connection of “Baltic 1” will be extended and used for

“Baltic 2” as well. Many of the players involved in the

project have also been contracted for “Baltic 1” (e. g.

Siemens, Weserwind). The service station in Barhöft

will be used for both projects as well.

The offshore wind farm “Borkum West II” is owned by

the utility consortium Trianel consisting of �� small

and medium-sized energy suppliers. It will be realised

in two phases. Apart from the suppliers for the na-

celle, large parts of the contracts have been awarded

to market participants in the German northwest re-

gion.

Projects�0

1 EEW: Production monopiles (Rostock, DE)2 Bladt Industries: Production transition pieces (Aal-

borg, DK)

3 Siemens: Production nacelle (Brande, DK)

4 Siemens: Production rotor blades (Aalborg, DK)

5 Weserwind: Production substation (Bremerhaven, DE)6 Coating of the substation (Wismar, DE); further trans-

port to Rostock (base port)7 nkt cables: Production export cables (Köln, DE)8 Nexans: Supply of trenching system (Halden, NO)

9 Preassembly turbines (Nyborg, DK)

Foundations

Nacelle

Rotor/star

Substation/grid connection

Preassembly

Illustration 21: Baltic 1 - production sites of suppliers (Source: wind:research)

10 Base port for foundations (Rostock, DE)11 Service port (Barhöft, DE)

Assembly/base port

Areva Wind M50001 Sif Group: Pipe elements for tripods (Roermond, NL)2 Aker Solutions: Assembly tripods (Verdal, NO)REpower 5M3 BiFab: Production jacket foundations (Methil, SCO)4 EEW: Piles for foundations (Rostock, DE)5 ICH Seasteel: Production templates (Montrose, SCO)

6 Ambau: Production tower sections (Bremen, DE)

Areva Wind M50007 Siempelkamp Giesserei: Engine Deck (Krefeld, DE)8 ABB: Production generators (Helsinki, FI)9 ABB: Production converter (Baden, CH)10 Pauwels Trafo: Transformers (Mechelen, BE)11 Renk: Production gearbox (Augsburg, DE)12 Ferry-Capitain: Hollow shaft (Joinville, FR)REpower 5M13 Winergy: Production gearbox (Voerde, DE)14 Walzengiesserei Coswig: Hollow and rotor shafts

(Dresden, DE)15 Woodward: Production converter (Kempen, DE)16 AKI Power Systems: USV-systems (Rheinheim-

Georghausen, DE)17 Minimax: Fire extinguishers (Bad Oldeslohe, DE)18 Production transformers (Regensburg, DE)

Areva Wind M500019 PN Rotor: Production rotor blades (Stade, DE)20 Friedrich Wilhelms Hütte: Hub (Mühlheim a.d.R., DE)REpower 5M21 LM Wind Power; PowerBlades: Rotor blades (Kolding,

DK; Bremerhaven, DE)

22 AREVA Energietechnik: Production substation (Dres-den/Bremen, DE)

23 Weserwind: Production Jacket-Constructions for offshore substation, final assembly topside (Wilhelm-shaven, DE)

24 NSW: Cable production and laying (Nordenham, DE)

25 Preassembly nacelles (Bremerhaven, DE)26 Base port for the installation (Eemshaven, DE)

Foundations

Tower

Nacelle

Rotor/star


Assembly/base port

Illustration 20: alpha ventus - production sites of suppliers (Source: wind:research)

Projects�1

1 Sif-Group: Production elements (Roermond, NL)2 CSC: Supporting crosspiece (Cuxhaven, DE)

4 BARD: Components production/assembly (Emden, DE)5 SHW Casting Technologies: Production of engine

deck, hub and main shafts (Königsbronn, DE)6 Voith Turbo: Production gearboxes (Crailsheim, DE)

7 SGL Rotec: Production rotor blades (Lemwerder, DE)

8 Harland & Wolff: Production foundation (Belfast, IR)9 Western shipyard: Production topside (Klaipeda, LT)10 NSW: Production of array cables (Nordenham, DE)

11 Harland & Wolff: Marriage of foundation & topside, substation (Belfast, IR)

Foundations

Nacelle

Rotor/star


Preassembly

Illustration 22: BARD Offshore 1 - production sites of suppliers (Source: wind:research)

12 Nacelle and rotor star (Eemshaven, NL)

Assembly/base port

3 Ambau: Production tower sections (Bremen, DE)

Tower

1 JV: HOCHTIEF Construction/GeoSea/Nordsee Nassbagger- und Tiefbau: Production of concrete monopiles (Sassnitz - Mukran, DE)

2 Siemens: Production nacelle (Brande, DK)

3 Siemens: Production rotor blades (Aalborg, DK)

4 Weserwind: Construction and equipment of substation (Bremerhaven, DE)

5 Draka Offshore: Array cables (Drammen, NO)6 NSW: Production of export cables (Nordenham, DE)

Foundations

Nacelle

Rotor/star


Illustration 2�: Baltic 2 - production sites of suppliers (Source: wind:research)

7 Service base (Barhöft, DE)8 Base port turbines (Nyborg, DK)*9 Base port foundations (Sassnitz - Mukran, DE)

*Estimated base port (cf. Baltic 1)

Assembly/base port

Projects�2

1 Weserwind: Production of tripod foundations (Bremer-haven, DE)

2 Siempelkamp Giesserei: Mainframe (Krefeld, DE)3 ABB: Production generators (Helsinki, FI)4 ABB: Production converter (Baden, CH)5 Pauwels Trafo: Production transformer (Mechelen, BE)6 Renk: Production gearboxes (Augsburg, DE)7 Ferry-Capitain: Production hollow shafts (Joinville, FR)8 AREVA Wind: Assembly of nacelle (Bremerhaven, DE)

9 PN Rotor: Production rotor blades (Stade, DE)

10 NSW: Production of array cables (Nordenham, DE)11 Weserwind: Production and equipment of substation

(Bremerhaven, DE)

Foundations

Nacelle

Rotor/star


Illustration 24: Borkum West II - production sites of suppliers (Source: wind:research)

12 Base port (Bremerhaven, DE)

Assembly/base port

Branch structure��

5 Branch structure

In the following module the branch structure with-

in the German offshore wind energy branch will

be depicted. Starting with a description of each of

the steps of the value-added chain an overview of

important market participants within each step

is provided. A further focus of the module is a de-

scription of the value-added steps within logistics

for the offshore wind energy and the engineering

and design structure for offshore wind energy.

5.1 Value-added chain: Offshore wind energyThe following illustration shows the first two tiers of

the value-added chain of the offshore wind energy.

“Professional services” is relevant to more than one

value-added step and therefore covering the whole

value-added chain.

German companies are involved in any of the value-

added steps shown above. Since companies in some

countries can offer lower prices (e. g. shipyards) or

have a higher level of know-how (e. g. offshore oil &

gas industry) parts of the awards go to foreign com-

panies.

5.1.1 Description of the value-added steps and overview of the market partici-pantsIn the following section a description of the value-

added steps and an overview of market participants

will be given according to the value-added chain.

Each subsection represents a value-added step (tier 1)

in accordance to the value-added chain in section 5.1.

The following tables are further structured according

to the value-added steps of tier 2.

5.1.1.1 Development and consenting

Environmental impact assessment (EIA):

For offshore wind farms with more than 20 turbines

an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a pre-

requisite for the consenting (see module 1). Compa-

nies processing an EIA need to have respective quali-

fications.

The BSH (cf. 2.1.4) has published a standard assess-

ment concept to guarantee minimum standards. Ac-

cording to the concept EIA include:

Basic data collection (preliminary assessment):

Characterisation of planned area in order to

define assessment programme and reference

areas for the specific protective goods

•

Illustration 25: Value-added chain according to BVGassociates (Source: BVGassociates, Illustration by wind:research)

Professional services (RD&D and testing)

Development and consenting

Turbine and component

manufacture

Balance of plant manufacture

Installation and commissioning

Operation and maintenance

Environmental impact assessment

Wind farm design

Survey vessel opera-tion

Gearbox, large bearings and direct

drive generators

Civil engineering and construction

management

Offshore wind turbines

Blades

Castings and forgings

Subsea cables (export)

Subsea cables (array)

AC substation electrical systems

Wind farm construc-tion facilities

Turbine and founda-tion installation

Subsea cable installation

Maintenance

Operations

Onshore facilities

Towers

DC substation electrical systems

Concrete foundations

Steel foundations

Transport and accommodation

Tier

1Ti

er 1

Branch structure�4

Basic data collection (status quo assessment):

Investigation prior to the construction phase in

order to characterise the natural status quo in

the planned area and the reference areas

Monitoring of construction phase: Investi-

gation during the construction phase in the

planned area and the reference areas in order

to record the respective influences

Monitoring of operation phase: Investigation

during the operation phase in the planned area

and the reference areas in order to record the

respective influences

EIA are usually awarded by the project developer.

Wind farm design:

The wind farm design is processed by the project de-

veloper. Depending on the size and know-how of the

project developer other experts are consulted for ex-

ample with regards to the engineering of the founda-

tions, the optimum turbine model, the turbine layout

etc. Soil investigations, the EIA and other preliminary

assessments can significantly alter the wind farm

•

•

•

design up to the construction phase. Financing and

insurance issues can also have a large impact on the

wind farm design (cp. “Borkum West II”).

Project developers can be different types of compa-

nies. The following illustration shows the market

share according to type of company:

Survey vessel operation:

Soil investigations are awarded by the project devel-

oper in order to collect data for the EIA and the wind

farm design. Usually, the survey vessels are owned by

respective companies and organisations but some

project developers bought their own survey vessels.

The German project developer Energiekontor bought

a vessel and awarded the ship management to RS

Research Shipping GmbH in order to investigate the

seabed for the offshore wind farm “Borkum Riffgrund

West”. After three years the vessel was sold again.

Directly before the start of the construction soil inves-

tigations are performed in order to detect and remove

objects from the seabed like shipwrecks, unexploded

ordinance devices or others.

Market share of different types of project developers of wind farm in operation, under construction, consented and in a conceptual stage according to installed capacity in Germany

Fonds/banks

Utility

International utility

Project developer

Corporate groups

2.1%

15.7%

11.�%

47.0%

2�.9%

Illustration 26: Market share of different types of project developers of wind farms in operation, under construction, consented and in a conceptual stage according to installed capacity in the Germany (Source: wind:research)


Overview of market participants

The following table provides an overview of the re-

spective market participants:

Maket participants Proven capability (sample)

Likely future ca-

pability

Environmen-tal impact assessment

• oecos• Institut für Angewandte

Ökosystemforschung• MariLim• BioConsult SH• biola

Wind farm design

• Germanischer Lloyd Garrad Hassan

• Mott MacDonald• DHI Wasser & Umwelt• wpd• PNE Wind• N-prior energy• KEMA• Energiekontor• InnoVent• IMS• Deutsche Offshore Consult• PMSS• Warnow Design & Technol-

ogy• Windreich

Survey vessel operation

• Fugro Seacore• GEO• GEO-ENGINEERING• RF Forschungsschifffahrt• Hempel Shipping

Table 8: Market participants: Development and consenting (Source: wind:research)

5.1.1.2 Turbine and component manufac-ture

Offshore wind turbines:

There are only few turbine manufacturers that are ac-

tive within the offshore wind energy but more manu-

facturers plan to enter the European market. These

include for example Alstom, Gamesa, Goldwind, Nor-

dex, Sinovel.

Germany’s largest wind turbine manufacturer (Ener-

con) is not active on the offshore wind energy market

until now but there are rumours, that the company

will enter the market soon. There are still some issues

(e. g. sealing against weather conditions, corrosion,

weight) remaining regarding the successful imple-

mentation of the gearless turbine for the offshore

wind energy.

Germany has a leading position within the five or

more MW sector until now (Areva Wind, BARD, RE-

power). Other manufacturers like GE Energy, Siemens

and Vestas are currently developing similar turbines.

Especially Siemens and Vestas will probably have

quite an influence on the market. Their share of the

offshore wind energy market at the moment is about

90% of the installed capacity. It is expected, that they

will continue to be very popular among customers.

Areva Wind

Ned Wind

Siemens

BARD

NEG Micon

Vestas

Blue H

Nordex

Wind World

Enron Wind

NordTank

WinWind

GE Energy

REpower

Market share of offshore turbine manufatures(cumulated, according to number of turbines)

Illustration 27: Market share of offshore turbine manufacturers at the end of 2010 (Source: wind:research)


Most offshore wind turbine manufacturers rely on

a multitude of component suppliers. Sometimes,

they bought large shares of respective companies or

acquired the whole company (e. g. Siemens/Flender

Guss, Areva Wind/PN Rotor). If the components are

supplied by other manufacturers, the turbine manu-

facturers usually have more than one supplier in order

to minimise dependency and avoid waiting times. The

following table gives an exemplary overview of sup-

pliers for offshore wind turbine manufacturers. Nor-

dex is included because of concrete plans to enter the

offshore market. Although the different components

of the nacelle are supplied by external companies, the

assembly is done by the turbine manufacturer and

therefore the fields in the following table are marked

as such.

Blades:

Rotor blades form about 20 percent of the overall tur-

bine costs. The production, as it is performed today,

is very work-intensive. Only few rotor blade manufac-

turers have automated their production so far. In the

future there will be a much higher degree of automa-

tion in the industry resulting in a decrease of the com-

ponents’ costs.

There are only few independent rotor blade manufac-

turers at the market. Most belong to a turbine man-

ufacturer (e.g. REpower ←→ Powerblades, see also

appendix: Company profiles). Larger turbine manu-

facturers (e.g. Siemens, Vestas) produce their blades

mostly in-house.

There will be a few new market players in the future.

Especially aircraft construction companies are possi-

ble new market participants (cp. EADS). Aircraft con-

struction companies reducing their production sites

sometimes sell their sites to rotor blade manufactur-

ers giving their former employees an opportunity to

keep their job (e. g. EADS Defence & Security ←→ SGL

Rotec).

Since rotor blades have a significant influence on the

turbine’s performance, manufacturers invest a lot of

time and money in RD&D.

Castings and forgings:

Most of the casting and forging work is done by inde-

pendent companies that usually serve more than one

branch. Usually wind turbine manufacturers have en-

tered into long-term framework agreements. Some

of the turbine manufacturers have their own casting

and/or forging lines or have acquired respective com-

panies to secure a steady supply.

The increasing size of offshore wind turbines and the

Company TowerNacelle

Hub Rotor bladesMain shaft Gearbox Genarator

Areva Wind Ambau Ferry-Capitain Renk, Moventas ABB Friedrich Wilhelms

Hütte PN Rotor

Bard Ambau SHW Casting Technologies

Winergy, Voith Turbo Winergy SHW Casting

Technologies SGL Rotec

Nordex* N. s. N. s. Turbine will be gearless N. s. N. s. N. s.

REpower Ambau Walzengießerei Coswig Winergy VEM N. s. LM Glasfiber,

Powerblades

Siemens Siemens, Ambau N. s. Winergy ABB Siemens (Flender

Guss) Siemens

Vestas Vestas Vestas Hansen,Winergy SSB Duradrive Vestas Vestas

Key: Own production/ production in-house

External processing

Offshore

Onshore

On- and offshore

*Plans to develop offshore turbines

Table 9: Examples of suppliers for turbine manufacturers (Source: wind:research)


respective parts pose requirements (size of black-

smith’s shop etc.) that only few companies can fulfil

until now. The hub adaptor for a current six MW tur-

bines already weighs about 1� tons. It is 2.5 meter high

and has a diameter of around �.8 meter. The complete

hub for a 4.5 MW turbine weighs about �0 tons.

Gearbox, large bearings and direct drive generators:

Smaller turbine components are usually supplied by

companies that serve other industries as well. Only

few manufacturers have specialised on wind energy

(e.g. winergy). In the future there will be more spe-

cialised companies since wind energy requires a large

amount of specific know-how due to dynamic loads

caused by changing wind speeds and directions. The

components require very precise processing and

much know-how so that market entry barriers are

comparably high.

Towers:

Market entry barriers are relatively low, although

towers require many supporting structures (ladders,

flanges etc.). Struggling shipyards are among those

companies that see a future in tower (and founda-

tion) manufacture in Germany.

Towers are usually ordered by the turbine manufac-

turer but in the future this might change in favour

of an integrated foundation/tower concept. Some

tower manufacturers like AMBAU or SIAG already of-

fer foundation structures as well, but joint ventures

seem to be likely in the future to supply integrated

concepts.


5.1.1.3 Balance of plant manufacture

Subsea cables (export):

Cable production is highly dependant on raw material

availability and prices because of the high amount of

copper used within the cables. Production capacities

need to be in coastal areas because of the high weight

of the cables (up to about 50 tons per km).

There are only few established market participants

Maket participants Proven capability (sample) Likely future capability

Offshore wind tur-bines

• Areva Wind• Repower• Siemens• Vestas• BARD

• Nordex• GE Energy• Clipper

Blades

• LM Wind Power• Siemens• Vestas• Powerblades• PN Rotor• SGL Rotec

• Nordex

Castings and forgings

Castings:• Buderus Spezialguss• Eisengießerei Torgelow• EMDE• HegerFerrit• Friedrich Wilhelms-Hütte• Meuselwitz Guss• Siempelkamp• Silbitz Guss• VestasForgings:• Georgsmarienhütte• Richter Maschinenfabrik• SIEGTHALERFABRIK

Gearbox, large bear-ings and direct drive generators

Gearboxes:• Bosch Rexroth• Eickhoff• Hansen• Renk• Voith Turbo• WinergyLarge bearings:• FAG• Liebherr• Rothe Erde• SKFDirect drive generators:• Converteam• Siemens

Towers

• Ambau• EMDE• SIAG• Skykon• Vestas

Manufacturers of onshore towers can easily enter the market for offshore towers (e. g. KGW Schweriner Maschinen- und Anlagen-bau, Reuther)

Table 10: Market participants: Turbine manufacture and supplier of compo-nent manufacture (Source: wind:research)


(cp. Table 11) in this sector but new entries have been

made recently. Manufacturers from the telecommu-

nication sector might as well enter the market in the

future.

Due to the high demand for export cables result-

ing from expansion plans in Europe and the limited

number of suppliers a shortage of export cables is

anticipated.

Subsea cables (array):

Cable production for inter-array cabling is roughly as

dependant on raw material availability and prices as

export cabling. Array cables are smaller in diameter

but there is a higher demand in terms of kilometre.

Production capacities need to be in coastal areas for

the cable-laying vessels to load their cargo.

There are much more companies capable of produc-

ing array cables than export cables since they have a

much smaller capacity. Because of the higher number

of suppliers a shortage for array cables is not to be ex-

pected.

AC substation electrical systems:

AC technology is suitable for shorter distances and is

therefore used in most of the existing offshore wind

farms. It is less expensive than DC substation electri-

cal systems. There are more suppliers than for the DC

technology and the market is therefore more compet-

itive resulting in advantages for the customer.

DC substation electrical systems:

The technology is more complex, reducing the number

of suppliers. Because of only few suppliers there is not

much competition leading to higher prices. DC cables

can transport power over larger distances and with a

higher capacity. Therefore DC technology will be used

for future projects. In Germany many projects will be

realised utilising the DC substation electrical systems

because of high distances due to the wadden sea. The

grid connection of more than one wind farm at a time

in order to reduce the impact on the marine environ-

ment further contributes to the use of DC technology.

Little competition and the future demand make the

entry of new market participants likely.

Concrete foundations:

So far, concrete foundations have been used prima-

rily in the Baltic Sea (Rødsand, Lillgrund etc.). Thorn-

ton Bank in Belgium is the only example of concrete

foundations within the North Sea. The production

of concrete foundations results in a high demand of

manpower. Production of concrete foundations is not

very dependant on raw material availability and pric-

es. Instead, large production and storage facilities at

harbours near the wind farm site are needed.

Many building/construction companies are able to

construct concrete foundations. The market entry

barriers are therefore not very high but there is com-

paratively little demand, because most project devel-

opers rely on steel foundations.

Steel foundations:

Most foundations in the offshore wind energy have

been steel monopiles so far. With deeper water and

larger turbines there will be more and more other

structures like jacket, tripile or tripod foundations.

Piles (monopiles, foundation piles) are less complex

structures in comparison and therefore the market

entry barriers are not as high as for foundation struc-

tures but the increasing size is limiting the number of

capable suppliers.

Struggling shipyards in Germany have the know-how

and the facilities to enter the market. Tower manu-

facturers usually have the required know-how as well

making them likely new market participants especial-

ly for monopiles or transition pieces.



Maket participants

Proven capabil-ity (sample)

Likely future capability

Subsea cables (export)

• ABB• Draka• Nexans• Norddeutsche

Seekabel-werke

• Prysmian

Subsea cables (array)

• LABB• Draka• Nexans • nkt cables• Norddeutsche

Seekabel-werke

• Prysmian

AC substation elec-trical systems

• ABB• Alstom• Siemens

DC substation elec-trical systems

• Siemens• ABB

• Alstom

Concrete founda-tions

There are no concrete foun-dations within the offshore wind energy in German waters so far.

• Züblin/Strabag• Hochtief

Steel foundations

• Aker• BiFab• Bladt• CSC (BARD)• EEW• H&W• SIAG• SIF/Smulders• Skykon• Weserwind

• G & G interna-tional

• HDW

Table 11: Market participants: Balance of plant manufacture (Source: wind:research)

5.1.1.4 Installation and commissioning

Wind farm construction facilities:

Within the burgeoning offshore wind energy indus-

try there is a high demand of suitable ports providing

construction and storage facilities. At the moment

there are only few facilities suitable for the industry’s

requirements. Many ports (e.g. Bremerhaven, Cux-

haven, Rostock, Brunsbüttel) prepare themselves for

the upcoming boom of the offshore wind energy. A

national concept for the upgrading of seaports is dis-

cussed at the moment. Small-scale concepts within

federal states (e.g. Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein)

already exist.

Turbine and foundation installation:

There is a high demand of turbine and foundation in-

stallation vessels (cp. module 1). Currently, there are

few installation vessels specialised on the offshore

wind energy. A lot of vessels are built mostly in foreign

shipyards (e. g. Korea, Poland) at the moment. Only

recently, German shipyards have won respective ten-

ders (e. g. Peene Werft).

There are few companies specialised in chartering

vessels and crew specialised on the offshore wind

energy. Because of the high demand chartering rates

are high (roughly between 60,000 and 120,000 Euro

depending on size, season and experience of the crew

for example) and vessels are continuously in opera-

tion with very few interruptions between contracts.

Subsea cable installation:

Large (and increasing) distances between ports and

offshore wind farms require suitable cable-laying ves-

sels with large cable carousels. Smaller vessels are

needed for the array cables but the cable-laying proc-

ess is much more complex and harder to coordinate.

The growing offshore wind energy in Germany and

other European countries will require additional ca-

ble-laying vessels of all sizes and respective person-

nel in the future. Additional players and long-term

charter or acquisition of cable-laying vessels by cable

manufacturers will ease the shortage of supply.

Civil engineering and construction management:

Construction of offshore wind farms is either proc-

essed via EPCI-contracts or multiple supplier con-

Illustration 29: Potential base and service ports in Germany (Source: wind:research)

Branch structure40

tracts (MSC).

EPCI:

The EPCI-contractor is responsible for the com-

plete construction of the offshore wind farm

taking all the risk (incl. weather windows etc.)

under previously defined conditions.

Due to the higher risk and coordination effort

of the contractor, the total price is higher.

MSC:

The activities of multiple contractors need to

be coordinated by the project developer.

Different contracts have to be defined very

carefully in order to have a clear understanding

of the responsibilities.

Risks are spread on many companies with a

significant proportion remaining at the project

developer.

Usually, the total price is lower since there is

more competition and contracts can always be

awarded to the cheapest contractor.


Maket participants



Wind farm con-struction facilities

• Aarlborg• Bremerhaven• Cuxhaven• Eemshaven• Emden• Nyborg• Rostock

• Brunsbüttel• Sassnitz

Turbine and foun-dation installation

• A2Sea• BARD• DEME• GeoSea• Jack-Up Barge• Smit Heavy

Lift

• Beluga Hochtief Offshore

• MPI Offshore• RWE Offshore

Logistics Com-pany

Subsea cable installation

• RS Diving Contractor

• Peter Madsen Rederi

• WindFarm-Base

• Prysmian• Visser & Smit

Civil engineering and construction management

• Ballast Ne-dam

• Hochtief Construction

• Bilfinger Berger

• Fluor• MT Højgaard• Van Oord

Table 12: Market participants: Installation and commissio-ning (Source: wind:research)

•

•

•

•

•

•

5.1.1.5 Operation and maintenance

Maintenance:

Offshore wind energy in Germany is a very young in-

dustry with currently only one wind farm in full op-

eration and therefore little demand of maintenance

services. Within warranty turbines are maintained by

the turbine manufacturer. Independent companies

can be awarded afterwards. This procedure is mainly

influenced by the insurance conditions.

Only few companies have specialised in offshore wind

energy maintenance, so far. One recent example is

All4offshore, a joint venture between a port opera-

tor/logistics company (Schramm Group) and a wind

energy project developer also offering operation and

maintenance services for their wind farms (wpd). The

company combines important knowledge of port op-

eration, marine logistics and wind energy and there is

a comparably secure demand for their services due to

the connection to the wind farm developer.

Onshore maintenance companies have the basic

knowledge required but need to have extra qualifica-

tions (e.g. safety training, different processes, tools,

technologies). Many new market participants are ex-

pected (see above).

Operations:

Wind farm operation includes for example the moni-

toring of the turbines onsite and from the operations

base, scheduling maintenance, managing customer

and supplier interaction and handling insurance is-

sues. Wind farms are usually operated by the owner

or the project developer of the wind farm. The project

developer knows the wind farm best, especially if

he was the EPCI-contractor and is usually well inte-

grated into a network of industry-specific companies.

On the other hand, the wind farm owners can save

money and gain knowledge by operating the wind

farm themselves.

Onshore facilities:

Since service time is crucial, service ports for opera-

tion and maintenance are comparably small ports at

the nearest possible location (cp. Barhöft ←→ Baltic

1). Service ports need to have sufficient storage areas

for smaller spare parts, crew accommodation and a

Branch structure41

vessel berth or a helicopter platform. There are a lot

of ports at the German coast generally suitable as a

service port for the offshore wind energy. Helgoland

(Germany’s only deep-sea island) is among the dis-

cussed sites because of the proximity to various off-

shore wind farms.

Transport and accommodation:

Transport of spare parts and crew members is usually

processed by service vessels. At some weather condi-

tions or in case of an emergency, helicopters are used.

During construction, crew members usually stay on-

board the installation vessel or at the offshore substa-

tion. New accommodation models (e.g. permanent

hotel vessels, accommodation at the substation) will

be investigated for wind farms far offshore.


Maket participants



Maintenance

• Areva Wind• BARD• REpower• Siemens

• All4offshore• Other mainte-

nance compa-nies active in the onshore market.

Operation

• EWE• BARD• EnBW

• Project develop-ers

• Onshore opera-tors that extend their activities offshore

Onshore facilities

• Barhöft• Emden• Norden/Nord-

deich

• Various facilities in Germany usu-ally closest to the wind farm

Transport and accommodation

• BARD• Bugsier-,

Reederei- und Bergungsges-ellschaft

• FRIKING• momac• WindFarm-

Base

Table 1�: Market participants: Operation and maintenance (Source: wind:research)

5.1.1.6 Professional services

RD&D and testing:

A lot of research, development and demonstration is

processed by the respective manufacturers. There are

some independent research centres and initiatives

(e.g. Fraunhofer IWES, ForWind) in Germany. Some

schools of higher education included (offshore) wind

energy into their curricula (e.g. Bremerhaven, Olden-

burg).

Especially in coastal areas there are full-scale testing

sites for offshore wind energy turbines (e.g. Bremer-

haven, Cuxhaven, Emden, Rostock) on- and near-

shore. “alpha ventus”, the first offshore wind farm is

proclaimed as a test field. The operating consortium

is called German Offshore Test Field and Infrastruc-

ture GmbH. RAVE - Research at alpha ventus is sup-

posed to provide crucial information about operation

of offshore wind farms and the influence of offshore

wind energy on marine ecosystems.


Maket participants

Proven capability (sam-ple)


RD&D and testing

Research and Develop-ment:• Deutsche WindGuard

(wind tunnel, Bremer-haven)

• Fraunhofer IWES• ForWind• Schools of higher learn-

ing (e. g. Bremerhaven, Elsfleth, Oldenburg, Stuttgart)

• Turbine and component manufacturers

Full-scale test sites:• Bremerhaven• Cuxhaven• Emden• Rostock

Table 14: Market participants: Professional services (Source: wind:research)

5.1.1.7 DismantlingA prerequisite for the approval of offshore wind en-

ergy turbines is a guarantee of the wind farm opera-

tor to completely dismantle the turbines and restore

the construction site to the original condition after

completion of the wind farm’s lifetime. During the

operation of the offshore wind farm the operator is

obstructed to put money in a fund to be capable to

dismantle the turbines regardless of the future finan-

cial situation.

In the course of repowering measures a dismantling of

the old turbines is necessary. Since the new turbines

are larger and probably weigh more the old founda-

Branch structure42

tions have to be exchanged as well. If the capacity of

the wind farm exceeds the capacity of the substation

it has to be enlarged accordingly or a second substa-

tion has to be build within the wind farm. Repower-

ing of offshore wind farms will be much more com-

plex than onshore.

As of now, it can not be said which market partici-

pants will be active in the dismantling of wind ener-

gy turbines. It will probably be the same companies

that are engaged in the construction of offshore wind

farms, since the same equipment and experiences are

needed. Some specialised companies might be need-

ed for some chores like the dismantling of the scour

protection.

5.2 Value-added chain: Logistics for the offshore wind energy (part of Installa-tion and Commissioning)The following illustration shows the value-added

chain within the offshore wind energy combined with

the first level of the respective logistics value-added

chain. For sea transport and installation, the second

level is depicted as well. The highlighted value-added

steps will be described and a sample of the respective

market participants will be given on the following

pages.

5.2.1 Description of the value-added steps

Procurement:

Onshore supply of components to the ports is proc-

essed via road, railway or inland waterways. Large

components (e. g. rotor blades, tower segments) are

transported from the production site to the port via

inland waterways most of the times. Regarding the

large sizes of offshore wind energy turbines today, as-

sembly and production of components (foundation,

tower. nacelle, rotor blades etc.) can only take place

within or near sea ports.

Curve radii and maximum clearance of bridges on the

access roads and the enforcement of access roads

are important limiting factors for onshore transpor-

tation. As indicated by the following illustration, the

inner curve radius needs to be �5 meter at least with

a radius of at least 50 meter clear of obstacles for (on-

shore) tower segments. Minimum clearance for the

tower segments is 5.5 meter (height) to five meter

(width).

Rotor blades for the offshore wind energy are longer

than the tower segments so that they are even harder

to handle than tower segments.

Illustration 29: Value-added chain: Logistics for the offshore wind energy (Source: wind:research)

Professional services (RD&D and testing)


Turbine and component

manufacture




Procure-ment Production Assembly Sea transport/installation Service/spare part

logisticsDisassembly/sea

transport1. Le

vel

2. L

evel Port

logistics Handling Sea transport Installation

Supply Chain Managament

Offshore wind energy Logistics Focus of the study

Branch structure4�

Example rotor blade (BARD 61):

Length Ca. 60 meter

Reference diameter Four meter

Maximum blade depth Ca. six meter

Weight 28,5 tons

Port logistics:

Whole components are transported within ports at

quayside or in the harbour basin.

SPMTs (self-propelled-modular transporters) have

proved to be useful tools for transportation at quay-

side. The SPMT are remote-controlled, since they do

not have a driving cab due to the limited height of

the vehicles. The transport modules are either self-

propelled or towed by another SPMT forming a group

of SPMT (see below). They can be combined in many

ways, giving companies a flexible tool to transport

large and heavy components like foundations, sub-

station platforms or nacelles. When combined to a

larger group, the carrying capacity increases signifi-

cantly. Illustration �0 shows a few examples of pos-

sible formations:

Usually, heavy duty roads or platforms are needed for

the transportation or storage of components of off-

shore wind energy turbines. Many ports in Germany

are not equipped accordingly as of now but some

ports are involved in respective construction projects

(e. g. Bremerhaven, Cuxhaven). Illustration �1 shows a

map of the offshore terminal in Cuxhaven:

Components can be transported via the harbour ba-

sin as well. For this purpose a port feeder barge for

the transportation of rotor blades with a length of 71

meter and a width of 21 meter was engineered. In ad-

dition to rotor blades, it can also load other cargo like

containers.

A clear advantage of transportation via the port basin

is that no heavy duty roads are needed. This is espe-

cially important, if they do not already exist. A disad-

vantage is that the components have to be produced

directly at quayside or a combination of SPMT and

port feeder barge has to be used.

Handling:

Handling of components from quayside to the trans-

port or installation vessel can be performed in three

different ways:

RoRo-Ramp:

The components are “driven” onboard by SPMT (see

above). Therefore stilts are needed below the com-

ponents to enable the operators to put them down.

SPMT help to reduce the risk of damaging the com-

ponents since the number or lifts is reduced to a mini-

mum. On the other hand components can be stored

more efficiently using cranes (e. g. piling components

on top of each other, storing tower segments in an

upright position).

Quad formation T-formation Y-formation V-formation Circle formation

Illustration �0: Possible formations of SPMT for the transport of large and heavy components (Source: Scheuerle)

Illustration �1: Map of the offshore terminals in Cuxhaven (Source: wind:research on the basis of cuxhaven-fotos.de)

Branch structure44

Crane (mobile or fixed) at quayside:

A heavy duty crane is needed within the port. Offshore

wind energy components require a lifting capacity of

currently up to 1.400 tons. Cranes can be combined

performing tandem lifts and thereby maximising the

respective lifting capacity.

Crane of the vessel:

The crane of vessels used for the installation of foun-

dations or turbines has the required lifting capacity

and can be used to load the components onboard.

The components need to be placed within reach of

the installation vessel’s crane. SPMT are usually need-

ed for this purpose.

Sea transport:

Different types of vessels can be used for sea trans-

portation:

Transport vessels: Self-propelled; large dimen-

sions and much loading capacity is needed for

the offshore wind energy

Pontoons: Without own propulsion; simple

floating platform that is towed by tug-boats;

comparably cheap to build or charter

Installation vessels: See below for a descrip-

•

•

•

tion; used in some installation concepts for

component/plant transportation

At the moment there are various installation con-

cepts as illustrated above:

Up to now, tripod, tripile and jacket foundations are

primarily transported utilising feeder concepts. Foun-

dations usually have an installation cycle separated

from the turbine installation cycle. Illustration ��

shows the concept for the foundation and turbine in-

stallation cycle that is favoured at the moment:

The required areas within the port in addition to the

production sites decrease synchronously to the extent

of preassembly. Therefore, comparably little space is

needed for foundations, whereas much more space is

needed for the preassembly of rotor stars or nacelles

(bunny-ear-concept).

Installation:

Many different types of vessels are used for the instal-

lation of offshore wind farms. The most important are

described below:

Illustration �2: Overview of different installation concepts for the offshore wind energy (Source: wind:research)

Assembly completely onshore Assembly completely/partly offshore

Mono-vessel-concept Feeder-vessel-concept

A. Supply/manufacture of components in a port (consolidation)

A. Supply/manufacture of all compo-nents in one port (consolidation)

A. Supply of components from one or multiple ports to the installation vessel

B. Assembly of all components (na-celle, rotor star and tower) inside the port

B. Loading of the installation vessel (Floating crane, Jack-Up-Barge) with components for multiple plants

B. Transport vessel, pontoons supply installation vessel with components

C. Transport of the plant to the off-shore wind farm and installation

B1 Rotor and nacelle separated (hub connected to nacelle)

B2 Nacelle with two rotor blades – Bunny-Ear-Concept

B� Complete rotor star

C. Installation vessel, Jack-Up-Barge is supplied with components, proc-esses the final assembly and is used only for the installation

C1 Jack-Up-Barge C2 Floating crane

C1Jack-Up-Barge

C2 Float-ingcrane

C Transport, final assembly and instal-lation of the plant at site


Branch structure45

Flexible fall pipe vessel:

Used for the preparation of the seabed

Stones are transported from the ship’s body via

conveyors and lowered to the seabed by a flex-

ible fall pipe

A remote-controlled vehicle at the end of the

fall pipe allows for the exact positioning of the

stones

Seabed preparation is the usual method of

scour protection

Jack-up-barges:

Self-elevating; provide a working platform

mainly independent from swell

Limitations with regards to swell and wind

speed result mainly from the strong forces

emerging at the legs in a jacked-up position

Future jack-up-barges will be used more and

more as a transport vessel due to the increas-

ing loading capacity

When used for transportation, Jack-up-barges

can substitute quayside cranes because they

inevitably have the required lifting capacity

Nine Vestas turbines (� MW, including towers

and rotor stars) is the record for most trans-

ported wind energy turbines at one time so far

Future vessels are designed to transport about

six 5 MW turbines or up to 12 turbines with a ca-

pacity of about � MW

Floating cranes:

Some installation concepts include the trans-

portation and installation of fully assembled off-

shore wind energy turbines by floating cranes

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

The crucial advantage is that assembly does

not need to take place offshore within very lim-

ited weather windows.

A major disadvantage is the high dependence

on swell and wave height. Some floating cranes

can reduce this dependence by filling parts of

the body with water, but jack-up-barges re-

main superior with regards to swell and wave

height dependency.

Installation vessels able to operate at wave heights

of up to three meters and wind speeds up to 21 meter

per second have an availability of 88 percent over the

year in Germany. Vessels that operate at wave heights

up to 1.5 meters and wind speeds up to 14 meter per

second only have an availability of about 54 percent.

The following illustration shows the distribution of

the respective combinations of wave height and wind

speed:

•

•


Mono-vessel-concept Feeder-vessel-concept

Signifcance of the production site’s proximity to the windfarm

High significance Low significance Low significance

Required area for assembly in the port/production site

Very large areas required Very large areas required Comparably small areas required

Favoured concept: Installation/cycle

turbines

Favoured concept: Installation/cycle

foundations

Illustration ��: Significance of distance to the wind farm site and required space according to installation concept (Source: wind:research)

Illustration �5: Weather window for different combinations of wave height and wind speed (Source: wind:research on the basis of PTS - personnel trans-fer system GmbH)

Branch structure46

Since there are currently not enough installation ves-

sels suitable for the offshore wind energy, new vessels

have to be built (cf. 2.1.1.5). The following table gives an

overview about jack-up-barges that are active exclu-

sively in the offshore wind energy in different stages.

The prices for newly built vessels vary considerably.

The following illustration shows a sample of respec-

tive prices:

200

�00

�5

150

120*70

220 **

150 ***

150 200

6

5

4

�

2

1

0 50 100 150 200 250 �00 �50

Investments per installation vessel in mio. Euro:Result of the survey

Mio Euro* Mittlere Hubinsel ** “Upstaalsboom” *** “Sea Installer”

Illustration �5: Costs of jack-up-barges in million Euro (Source: wind:research)

The respective vessels are specified for three of the

given spans. A medium-sized jack-up-barge is be-

tween 70 and 120 million Euro.

Charter rates are influenced mainly by weather condi-

tions and seasons. The job duration is another impor-

tant factor influencing charter rates (The longer the

better). The following illustration shows exemplary

charter rates in thousand Euros:

4506

5

4

�

2

1

0 100 200 �00

Charter rates:Result of the survey

in thousand euro

Illustration �6: Charter rates for jack-up-barges in thousand Euros (Source: wind:research)

400 500

150

70 120

200�5

100 150

�5 65

Rank order Vessel name Inauguration Water depth

In Operation

1 Sea Energy In operation Up to �0m

2 Sea Power In operation Up to �0m

� Sea Jack In operation Up to �0m

4 Odin In operation Up to 45m

5 Seacore Excalibur In operation Up to 45m

6 MPI Resolution In operation Up to 45m

7 JB-114 In operation Up to 45m

8 Sea Worker In operation Up to 45m

9 Sejacks Kraken In operation Up to 45m

10 Thor In operation More than 45m

11 Seafox 7 In operation Up to 45m

12 Leviathan In operation Up to 45m

1� Wind Lift 1 In operation Up to 45m

Planned/in construction

14 JB-115 2011 Up to 45m

15 MV Adventure Spring 2011 More than 45m

16 MV Discovery Fall 2011 More than 45m

17 Seabreeze 1 (Victoria Mathias) 2011 More than 45m

18 Seabreeze 2 (Friedrich Ernestine) 2011 More than 45m

19 L 206 (Nora) 2011 More than 45m

20 Seajacks Zaratan May 2012 More than 45m

21 Seafox 5 Summer 2012 More than 45m

22 Windcarrier (Bold Tern) 2012 Up to 45m

2� Windcarrier (Brave Tern) 2012 Up to 45m

24 Beluga Hochtief Offshore 2012 More than 45m

25 Siestas 2012 Up to 45m

26 Swire blue ocean 2012 More than 45m

27 Sea Installer End of 2012 Up to 45m

Planned (realisation questionable)

28 Ed. Züblin Offshore Carrier 2012 at the earliest More than 45m

29 Windlift 2 2012 at the earliest Up to 45m

�0 Upstalsboom 2012 Up to 45m

�1 NG-9000-HPE 2012 at the earliest Up to 45m

Design

�2 NG-7500-HPE Design Up to 45m

�� New build (Sea 2000) Design Up to 45m

�4 NG-4000 Design Up to 45m

�5 NG-2000 Design Up to 45m

Table 15: Overview: Availability of current and future installation vessels that are only active in the offshore wind energy (Source: wind:research)

Branch structure47

5.2.2 Overview of market participants and their relationships per value-added steps

Maket participants

Proven capability (sample)


Procurement

• BLG• HHLA• Hellmann World-

wide Logistics• Kühne & Nagel• Otto Wulf• Schenker Deutsch-

land

Port logistics

• BLG• bremenports• Cuxport (Offshore-

Basis Cuxhaven)• HHLA • Rhenus Midgard• Schramm Group

Handling

• Companies process-ing the sea trans-port and installation can handle compo-nents with cranes onboard their instal-lation vessels.

• Associated Danish Ports

• BLG• Brunsbüttel Ports• Cuxport (Offshore-

Basis Cuxhaven)• Groningen Seaports• HHLA

Sea trans-port

• All4offshore• A2Sea• BARD• Bugsier-, Reederei-

und Bergungsges-ellschaft

• DEME• GeoSea• Jack-Up Barge• Otto Wulf• Smit Heavy Lift

• Beluga Hochtief Off-shore


Logistics Com-pany

Installation

• A2Sea• BARD• DEME• GeoSea• Jack-Up Barge• Smit Heavy Lift

• Beluga Hochtief Off-shore


Logistics Com-pany

Table 16: Market participants: Logistics in the offshore wind energy (Source: wind:research)

5.3 Engineering/design structureDue to the comparably young age of the industry

the demand for engineers and engineering services

is very high within the offshore wind energy. A lot of

technologies need to be engineered and optimised

in order to reduce the costs of offshore wind energy.

Nevertheless, there is a continuing demand of engi-

neering services due to the ever-changing demands

of offshore wind farms. When it comes to engineers,

especially the following subject areas are important

to the offshore wind energy:

Aerospace technology

Economics engineering

Electrical engineering

IT engineering

Logistics engineering

Marine/oceanic engineering

Materials engineering

Mechanical engineering

Methods engineering

Static engineering

Engineering services can be seen as a part of “profes-

sional services” and therefore are relevant to all the

value-added steps. On the following pages the engi-

neering structure is described according to the value-

added steps as defined above (cf. Illustration 25):


Within development and consenting engineers are

involved primarily in ecological and geographical in-

vestigations and the wind farm design. A major part

of the engineering concerning the wind farm design

is processed within project development companies

like Windreich, wpd and others (cf. Table 8).

However, there are several companies supplying the

project development companies with respective in-

telligence. Examples for engineering companies ac-

tive within wind farm design include:

Fichtner

Inros Lackner

Windplan Bosse

Other activities of engineers within this value-added

step include the evaluation of wind farm concepts ac-

cording to the regulations of insurance or financing

companies (Germanischer Lloyd, TÜV Süd, München-

er Rück, various banks etc.). The respective agencies

involved in the consenting procedure (cp. 2.1.4) usually

employ engineers as well in order to properly evaluate

the approvability.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Branch structure48

Turbine and component manufacture

Engineering within turbine and component manu-

facture is usually part of the research and develop-

ment process of the companies. Operational data of

existing products or respective prototypes (turbines,

components) are closely monitored and used for opti-

misation. Mostly technical and mechanical engineers

are involved in this value-added step. There are only

few independent companies supplying their expertise

to the respective manufacturers.


Balance of plant manufacture includes a wide range of

technical challenges (from subsea cabling to founda-

tions) and therefore a large variety of engineers active

within this value-added step. Engineering services for

the subsea cabling and the design and production of

substations is mostly processed in-house. The design

of foundations is often processed by independent en-

gineering companies like IMS or IPU. The following

illustration shows a reference sheet for a foundation

design:

Illustration �7: Reference sheet for a foundation de-

sign (Source IMS)

Foundation manufacturers only have to realise the

grounding structures according to the respective

design. If not provided from external engineers, the

foundation manufacturers (e. g. Per Aarsleff, Weser-

wind) realise their own foundation design.

Foundations are usually designed individually be-

cause of varying seabed conditions and water depths

within the construction field. It is cheaper to build in-

dividual foundations than to design every foundation

in order to fit the most demanding seabed conditions

and deepest water.


Crucial within this value-added step is the planning

and processing of logistics. Therefore logistics en-

gineering makes up a large part of the engineering

work. This includes for example the planning of as-

sembly and storage facilities in ports or specialised

terminals, the planning and processing of land and

sea transport including handling and coordination

of different logistics chains for different components

and other processes regarding logistics. Companies

active in this field of engineering include LSA, BLG,

Rhenus Midgard and others.

Since there is a demand for the construction of addi-

tional turbine installation vessels, engineers are also

active in the design of respective vessels. IMS and

Wärtsilä were awarded to design a jack-up crane ves-

sel for the German utility RWE. Two vessels are built

by Daewoo in Korea according to this particular de-

sign.

Construction engineers coordinate the different proc-

esses at the construction site ensuring that the vari-

ous vessels, cranes, tug-boats, divers etc. do not im-

pede each other’s work.


Within operation and maintenance there is compa-

rably little demand for engineering services. Mainte-

nance concepts are usually designed well in advance

to the construction of the wind farm. The transport

of single or smaller components is significantly less

complex than the construction of the whole wind

farm and therefore much easier to handle.

However, there is a demand for engineering services

for the construction of service vessels or personnel

transfer systems. Availability of turbines is crucial

to the profitability of the wind farm and therefore

service has to be guaranteed even in harsh weather

conditions. In order to be able to transfer service per-

Branch structure49

sonnel to the turbine safely the vessels need to be

comparably resistant to swell. SWATH©-Tenders are

vessels with a twin hull based on catamaran design.

Therefore, they have minimal contact to the water

and therefore maximum swell resistance

In addition to the design of service vessels, the trans-

fer of personnel from the vessel to the turbine is an-

other field of business where engineers have been ac-

tive. One example is the installation of a crane at the

transition of the foundation to the tower of the wind

energy plant.

Professional services

Engineers are also active in the education of person-

nel within schools of higher learning and educational

programmes. Engineers themselves are educated in

schools of higher learning. Since there is a current

and future lack of specialised personnel in the off-

shore wind energy, education of engineers and other

qualifications is an important prerequisite for the ex-

pansion of the industry. As already described above,

ForWind coordinates parts of these efforts.

Engineers are also actively involved in research

projects of turbine and component manufacturers

(see above) and research organisations like the Fraun-

hofer Institute and others (cf. Table 14).

List of Illustrations50

Illustration 1: Do you think that the target to reduce CO2 emissions according to the federal

energy concept is realizable? .....................................................................................................6

Illustration 2: Approval procedure within the offshore wind energy in Germany ................................................9

Illustration �: Technical development within the offshore wind energy ........................................................... 10

Illustration 4: Existing transmission grid in Europe ......................................................................................... 11

Illustration 5: Overview of transmission grid incl. planned feed-in nodes and inauguration dates ......................12

Illustration 7: Water depth within the German North Sea ...............................................................................1�

Illustration 8: Water depth within the German Baltic Sea ................................................................................1�

Illustration 9: Significant wave height and wave direction in the North Sea .....................................................1�

Illustration 10: Significant wave height and swell at different measuring points in the German seas .................. 14

Illustration 11: Significant wave height and swell at measuring point „Westerland“ ........................................... 14

Illustration 12: Protection areas within the German North Sea .........................................................................15

Illustration 1�: Protection areas within the German Baltic Sea ..........................................................................15

Illustration 14: Use of areas within the German seas ........................................................................................15

Illustration 15: Crude steel prices ................................................................................................................... 16

Illustration 16: Evaluation of intensity of competition, interview of market participants ...................................20

Illustration 17: Offshore wind farms in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea .................................................... 2�

Illustration 18: Annual construction of installed capacity in Germany ............................................................... 28

Illustration 19: Cumulated installed capacity in the offshore wind energy in MW in Germany ............................ 28

Illustration 20: alpha ventus - production sites of suppliers ..............................................................................�0

Illustration 21: Baltic 1 - production sites of suppliers .......................................................................................�0

Illustration 22: BARD Offshore 1 - production sites of ........................................................................................�1

Illustration 2�: Baltic 2 - production sites of suppliers .......................................................................................�1

Illustration 24: Borkum West II - production sites of suppliers .......................................................................... �2

Illustration 25: Value-added chain according to BVGassociates ........................................................................ ��

Illustration 26: Market share of offshore turbine manufacturers at the end of 2010 ........................................... �5

Illustration 27: Market share of different types of project developers of wind farms in operation,

under construction, consented and in a conceptual stage according to installed

capacity in the Germany ......................................................................................................... �4

Illustration 29: Potential base and service ports in Germany ............................................................................ �9

Illustration 29: Value-added chain: Logistics for the offshore wind energy ........................................................ 42

Illustration �0: Possible formations of SPMT for the transport of large and heavy components .......................... 4�

Illustration �1: Map of the offshore terminals in Cuxhaven .............................................................................. 4�

Illustration �2: Overview of different installation concepts for the offshore wind energy ...................................44

Illustration ��: Significance of distance to the wind farm site and required space according to

installation concept ................................................................................................................ 45

Illustration �5: Weather window for different combinations of wave height and wind speed ............................. 45

Illustration �5: Costs of jack-up-barges in million Euro.....................................................................................46

Illustration �6: Charter rates for jack-up-barges in thousand Euros ..................................................................46

List of Tables51

Table 1: Goals of the federal government and wind:research forecast ..............................................................5

Table 2: Installed capacity in Germany until the end of 2010 ............................................................................5

Table �: Yearly capacity to be installed to reach the respective goals ................................................................6

Table 4: Resulting demand of offshore wind energy turbines and components ................................................. 7

Table 5: Feed-in tariff for the offshore wind energy in Germany according to EEG .............................................. 7

Table 6: Estimation of personnel employed in wind energy compared to the renewable sector

in general ........................................................................................................................................15

Table 7: Overview of offshore wind farm projects in Germany ........................................................................ 27

Table 8: Installed capacity in Germany todate, until 2020 and 20�0 ............................................................... 27

Table 9: Market participants: Development and consenting .......................................................................... �5

Table 10: Examples of suppliers for turbine manufacturers .............................................................................. �6

Table 11: Market participants: Turbine manufacture and supplier of component manufacture.......................... �7

Table 12: Market participants: Balance of plant manufacture .......................................................................... �9

Table 1�: Market participants: Installation and commissioning ...................................................................... 40

Table 14: Market participants: Operation and maintenance ............................................................................ 41

Table 15: Market participants: Professional services ....................................................................................... 41

Table 16: Overview: Availability of current and future installation vessels that are only active in

the offshore wind energy ................................................................................................................46

Table 17: Market participants: Logistics in the offshore wind energy ................................................................ 47

52

Overview

1. Appendix

1.1 Development and consenting .......................................................................................................................................................................................531.2 Turbine manufacture and supplier of component manufacture ....................................................................................................................................... 571.3 Balance of plant manufacture ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 751.4 Installation and commissioning ................................................................................................................................................................................... 841.5 Operation and maintenance .........................................................................................................................................................................................871.6 Professional Service ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 911.7 Additions .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 94

Appendix - Development and consenting

53

Company Production/HQ location Technology and startegySelected Customers

Website

Development and management

N.prior energy HQ location Leer, Germany

N.prior energy has been pioneering in the field of re-newable energies as general contractor, as planner and constructor of onshore and offshore wind farms and thus as producer of “green” energy.

Right from the beginning, the company has identified and realized future trends at an early stage in keeping with the business principles.

For N.prior energy protecting the environment has top priority. The company exclusively implement projects that are both ecologically and economically valuable.

The range of services comprises Conceptual design, planning, construction of onshore and offshore wind farms, Providing of expert reports and approval docu-ments wind potential and energy yield assessments and project management.

Sales regions are Germany and France

DOTIStawag Trianel

•••

www.n-prior.com

54



Website


PNE WINDHQ location Cuxhaven, Ger-many

PNE WIND has been operating successfully in the wind energy market since the year 1995. The company plans and implements onshore and offshore wind farm projects.

Its core competence is the development, planning, im-plementation and financing of wind farms and their op-eration or sale including subsequent service. So far, the company has set up 97 wind farms with 563 wind en-ergy systems and a total nominal output of 804 MW.

Presently PNE WIND AG is continuing to develop the project „Borkum Riffgrund I“ as service provider on be-half of DONG Energy.

PNE Wind has international locations in Europe, Cana-da and USA

DONG Energy EnBW Erneuer-bare Energienl

•• www.pnewind.com


55


Website


EnergieKontor

Production in Germany, UK and Portugal

HQ location Bremen, Ger-many

The wpd was founded in 1996 with the objective of drawing up projects for wind farms in Germany. The company is the market leader nowadays and has com-pleted projects with an output of more than two giga-watts.

In recent years the focus has increasingly been placed abroad, with the wpd nowadays planning projects from South America to Asia. More than 500 of our staff are committed to the con-tinuous development of renewable energies.

The wpd supplies all of the services as a tailor-made concept from a single source, as the planner, project manager and operator. wpd is active with its subsidiar-ies in all areas of offshore wind power, from the classic project development and management, procurements of turbines construction, right through to the opera-tion and service of multi-megawatt turbines.

The important local development occurs via offices in Bremen, Rostock, Stockholm, Helsinki, Paris and Rome. Other locations are in Canada, Chile, UK, Croatia

n/a www.energiekontor.de

56



Website


wpdHQ location Bremen, Ger-many

The wpd was founded in 1996 with the objective of drawing up projects for wind farms in Germany. The company is the market leader nowadays and has com-pleted projects with an output of more than two giga-watts.

In recent years the focus has increasingly been placed abroad, with the wpd nowadays planning projects from South America to Asia. More than 500 of our staff are committed to the con-tinuous development of renewable energies.

The wpd supplies all of the services as a tailor-made concept from a single source, as the planner, project manager and operator. wpd is active with its subsidiar-ies in all areas of offshore wind power, from the classic project development and management, procurements of turbines construction, right through to the opera-tion and service of multi-megawatt turbines.

The important local development occurs via offices in Bremen, Rostock, Stockholm, Helsinki, Paris and Rome.

EnBW Erneuer-bare EnergienVattenfall

•

•www.wpd.de

Appendix - Turbine manufacture and supplier of component manufacture

57


Website


Siemens Wind PowerFacilities currently based in Denmark (see also right)

Entered the market in 2004 following the acquisition of Bonus Energy. Bonus was responsible for the first off-shore wind farm nearby Vindeby in Denmark in 1991.

3.6MW turbine has been widely used in the UK offshore market and will continue to be used for a number of projects in the next three to four years. The current de-sign uses gearbox technology but Siemens are currently focusing on direct drive technology with a 3MW design available and a 6 MW design in the pipeline.

In January 2010, it was announced that SWP had signed a memorandum of understanding with Associated Brit-ish Ports regarding the construction of a manufactur-ing facility in the port of Hull on the UK’s east coast

Centrica DONG EnergyE.ONRWE npowerSSE

•••••

www.areva-wind.com

58



Website


AREVA Wind (incl. PN Rotor)

Production and HQ location Bremerhaven, Germany

Since its foundation in 2000 AREVA Wind (subsidiary of AREVA, France) has been working on the development and manufacture of the offshore wind energy convert-er. The company develops and produces the 5 MW off-shore, plants M5000.

A team of highly qualified specialists for all essential turbine components works continuously together with component suppliers on the further advancement of the AREVA Wind Technology.

The M5000 is worldwide the first wind energy convert-er that has been exclusively designed for large offshore wind farms. As a result of the continuous development process new solutions were found that set new stand-ards and are best adapted to fit the requirements of off-shore employment.Sales region is Germany.

PN Rotor, a subsidiary of AREVA Wind, is a manufactur-er of high technology platforms for offshore wind ener-gy turbines. The company is based in Stade, Germany.

DONG Energy DOTI TrianelWindreich

••••

www.areva-wind.com


59


Website


REpower (incl Pow-erblades)

Production in Bremerhaven, Germany

HQ location Hamburg, Ger-many

Founded in 2001 focuses on the development, produc-tion and installation of multi-megawatt wind turbines. The product portfolio comprises several types of tur-bines with rated outputs ranging between 1.8 and 6.15 megawatts.

With the REpower 5M turbine – currently one of the largest wind turbines in the world with a rated output of 5 megawatts and a rotor diameter of 126.5 metres – the company has extended its turbine portfolio in the multi-megawatt class a couple of years ago.

REpower is represented by sales partners, subsidiaries and associates in non-German European markets such as France, Belgium, Great Britain, Sweden, Poland, Ita-ly, Portugal and Spain, but also around the world in the USA, Canada, China and Australia.

Powerblades Ltd. was founded in 2007 with the aim of manufacturing rotor blades for the offshore area.

DOTI RWE InnogyVattenfall

•••

www.repower.de

60


Company Production/HQ location Technology and startegySelectedCustomers

Website


Vestas

Production in Europe, USA, Asia

HQ location Denmark

German HQ location Hu-sum

Founded 1898 in Denmark. Since 1995 Vestas has in-stalled more than 580 offshore wind turbines, provid-ing a total capacity of over 1400 MW. As pioneer of off-shore installations has Vestas knowledge and expertise into a single offshore energy organisation that handles all offshore operations. Offshore unit delivers supe-rior turbine technology, convenient and cost-effective transport, fast and safe installation, and comprehen-sive service and maintenance for the benefit of our cus-tomers.

Vestas wind turbines are checked and tested at own test centres, after which the results are verified and certified by independent organisations. Vestas contin-uously monitor a large number of the turbines in opera-tion, both to determine how the turbine design can be optimised and to use the data and knowledge to make turbine operation even more reliable and cost-effective. Vestas has an extensive portfolio of turbines which are each suited to specific conditions and requirements.

Vestas has over 30 additional branches worldwide (Eu-rope, USA, Asia)

DONG EnergyENERTRAGRWE npowerVattenfall

••••

www.vestas.com


61


Website


BARD Production and HQ location Emden, Germany

BARD Engineering was founded as one of the first com-panies of the BARD Group of companies in September 2003

The BARD Group offers the turn-key construction of wind farms. The first commercial offshore wind farm in the German part of the North Sea will be WBARD Offshore 1”, followed by already approved project “Veja Mate” in Germany and three approved BARD offshore wind farms in the Netherlands. Further seven projects in Germany are currently in the process of approval.

The BARD Group as contractor offers turn-key offshore wind farms, including the engineering and construc-tion of all necessary components for highly productive offshore wind farms - starting with internally devel-oped steel foundations which are custom-made for the specific locations of the seabed and ending to the rotor blades which are installed with a customized jack-up vessel. Service and maintenance come also from the BARD Group.

Sales region is Northern Europe

Planned coop-eration /licence production with Gamesa

•

www.bard-offshore.de

62



Website

Supplier of component manufacture

SGL RotecProduction and HQ location Lemwerder, Germany

SGL Rotec is an independent producer of high-quality rotor blades for wind energy plants and components fabricated from fiber composites. The products and services cover series production, development, con-struction of the original model, mold construction, pro-totype manufacture and testing of those components.

As an independent rotor blade producer, SGL Rotec manufactures exclusively to customers‘ own design specifications (built to print). Before the actual rotor blade production, the blade design is matched to an optimum production process in close cooperation with the customer.

SGL Rotec 2010 received an order from BARD for the de-livery of rotor blades for offshore wind farms

Sales region is Europe

BARDENERCONREpower

•••

www.sgl-rotec.com


63


Website


Bosch Rexroth

Production in Germany, China

HQ location Lohr am Main, Germany

Bosch Rexroth, one of the leading specialists in drive and control technologies, supplies customized solu-tions for industrial automation and mobile machines. Rexroth’s gear technology and hydraulic drive units make the company a strong partner in the wind energy industry.

Rexroth develops and produces all the gearboxes used in wind turbines: from efficient main gears to precise yaw gears for permanent wind tracking to compact pitch gears for rotor blade adjustment.

With the patented REDULUS GPV-D differential gear-box, Rexroth offers an innovative gearbox concept for multi-megawatt turbines. Despite the increased tur-bine capacity and high reliability this gear offers weight advantages of up to 15 per cent compared to current gearbox concepts.

GE Energy Vestas

••

www.boschrexroth.com

64



Website

Wind turbines turbine gearboxes

Eickhoff

Production Dresden, Ger-many

HQ location Bochum, Ger-many

Eickhoff is a successful manufacturer of high-quality wind turbine gearboxes. Originally starting out with gearboxes, machine carriers and rotor hubs for 50 and 100 kW plants, has the company extended delivery range to gearboxes with a rated capacity of 2.5 MW.

Eickhoff develops and constructs branch-tailored gear-boxes under incorporation of specific customer’s re-quirements. With gearboxes for wind turbine plants, has the company established as one of the leading sup-pliers in the world market.

The first Eickhoff series gears for wind turbines were produced in 1994 as three-stage spur gears for turbines with a capacity of 600 kilowatts. Development was consistently pushed forward, so that by 1998 gears with one planetary stage and a two-stage spur were the standard. Eickhoff has been producing gears with two planetary stages and one spur stage for multi-mega-watt capacity turbines since 2000. The most powerful gear type in the current range, at 3.6 megawatts, was already developed in 2001.

The company has an additional production facility in USA and subsidiaries in Australia, England, Poland, South Africa and USA.

GE Energy• www.eickhoff-bochum.de


65


Website

Wind turbines gearboxes

Hansen Transmis-sions

Production in Belgium, In-dia, China

HQ location Kontich, Bel-gium

Hansen Transmissions is a globally established design-er, manufacturer and supplier of reliable, tailor-made gearboxes for multi-MW wind turbines with a power capacity ranging from 1.5 to 6.15 MW.

The Company is one of the industry leaders in the glo-bal multi-MW wind turbine gearbox market in terms of MW supplied.

Hansen Transmissions currently operates 3 state-of-the-art manufacturing plants with an annual output capacity of 7,600 MW. Hansen is a global player with a manufacturing presence in Belgium, India and China, worldwide sales and service operations.

REpowerSiemens Wind PowerSuzlon Energy Vestas

••

••

www.hansentransmis -sions.com

66



Website


RENK

Production in Augsburg, Hannover, Rheine/Germa-ny

HQ location Augsburg, Ger-many

RENK is one of the worldwide acknowledged manu-facturers of high-quality special gears, components of propulsion technology and test systems.

In 2008, AREVA Wind and RENK concluded a contract for the series manufacture of the M5000 gears. In the Augsburg and Rheine plants of RENK considerable investments were made to enable the series manu-facture and testing under full load of wind craft gears over 4 MW power. By concluding a frame contract with the wind energy plant manufacturer AREVA Wind in Bremerhaven RENK gets deeper into the business with wind power gear units and produce 5 MW offshore plants.

RENK will deliver more than 350 gear units to the cus-tomer by the year 2013

AREVA WindREpower

••

www.renk.de


67


Website


AMBAUOffshore

Production in Bremen, Cux-haven, Dessau/Germany

HQ location Gräfenhain-ichen, Germany

AMBAU focuses its product and service portfolio on companies working directly and indirectly in the wind power market.

The accent is on minimizing costs, on-time produc-tion and streamlining the overall project right down to starting up and operating the system.

Dezember 2010 was founded AMBAU Offshore. The Company focuses on the offshore-wind power market. The range of products encompasses all organizational and executive work along the value-added chain when planning, building and operating an off-shore wind park.

DeWindGE EnergyNordexREpowerSiemens Wind PowerVestas

•••••

•

www.ambau-gmbh.de

68



Website

Drive systems for wind turbines

Winergy

Production in Germany, USA, India, China

HQ location Voerde, Ger-many

Winergy a leading international provider of drive sys-tems for wind turbines and services right around the functional reliability of these systems.

The company is the technology leader in the design and development of trend-setting drive systems needed for setting-up off-shore energy harvesting capacities. In close cooperation with the leading international wind turbine manufacturers the company recently was suc-cessful in developing gear units for the use in off-shore wind farms with a nominal power rating of 5 MW.

Winergy in Germany produces every year 3000 trans-mission with a total capacity of 5,000 MW

Winergy has additional branches in USA, China and In-dia

AREVA WindBARDREpower

•••

www.winergy-ag.com


69


Website

Bearings

FAG

Production in USA, Germa-ny, Hungary

HQ location Herzogenau-rach, Germany

For over 30 years, FAG has designed and produced bear-ing arrangements for wind turbines. Within Schaeffler Group Industrial, the specialists from the business unit “Wind power” work closely with designers, manufac-turers and operators of wind turbines.

This has resulted in unbeatable know-how: detailed attention is paid to customer requirements. Bearing selection and documentation are backed up by sophis-ticated calculation methods. Products developed to a mature technical level are optimally matched to the particular task.

The range is intelligently rounded off by Condition Monitoring systems, lubricants, mounting and main-tenance tools. In this way, Schaeffler Group Industrial helps to achieve low operating costs for wind turbines.

The company produce in 63 plants worldwide

Goldwind (China)Liebherr

••

www.fag.de

70



Website

Offshore cranes

Liebherr

Production Europe, USA, Asia

HQ location Bulle, Switze-land

Liebherr builds various types of special-purpose cranes for material handling tasks in the maritime sector.

The range of ship cranes is designed to cover demands on board all types of vessels and extends up to heavy lift requirements. The offshore industry is served by individually designed lifting equipment from Liebherr, constructed to suit customers’ requirements. A com-prehensive range of floating cranes is available for bulk-handling and transshipping purposes.

The offshore crane series includes wire-luffing and ram-luffing cranes. The cranes are available in various sizes and can be optimized for specific customer require-ments.

In 2009 was produced large antifriction bearing. With a diameter of 6,000 millimeters and a total weight of 25 tonnes, it is considerably larger than the usual large-diameter antifriction bearings. This antifriction bear-ing, which is being produced as a roller bearing slewing ring, will be used in a heavy-duty crane in the offshore sector.

BELUGA HOCHTIEF Off-shore

•www.liebherr.com


71


Website

Bearings

Rothe ErdeHQ location Dortmund, Germany

The company slewing bearings and rings are for dec-ades state-of-the-art technology all over the world in a wide variety of applications. Rothe Erde slewing bear-ings and rings prove every day to be important struc-tural and connection elements used in mechanical en-gineering, in harbour cranes, ship deck cranes, in the offshore technology.

The competent consultation of the customers, the top quality of the products and the innovative further devel-opment of the technology in the research and develop-ment centre of our Lippstadt plant are the foundation to actively take on the challenges of the international markets.

With main plants in Dortmund and Lippstadt and sub-sidiaries in Great Britain, France, Italy, Spain, USA, Bra-zil, India, Japan and China as well as sales agencies in all major industrial countries Rothe Erde has a worldwide market presence to our customer´s advantage.

AREVA WindNordexREpowerSiemens Wind PowerVestasW2E Wind to Energy

••••

••

www.rotheerde.com

72



Website

Bearings

SKF

HQ location Gothenburg, Sweden

German HQ location Sch-weinfurt

SKF Group is the leading global supplier of products, solutions and services within rolling bearings, seals, mechatronics, services and lubrication systems. Serv-ices include technical support, maintenance services, condition monitoring and training.

The work done together with the marine industry is an example of how the company works with the custom-ers to improve operational efficiency which in turn re-duce their CO2 emissions.

ENERTRAGGoldwind (China)W2E Wind to Energy

•••

www.skf.com


73


Website

Castings

EMDE

Production in Nassau, Sraß-furt and Wurzen, Germany

HQ location Nassau, Ger-many

EMDE manufactures machines and equipment in the field of materials engineering, civil engineering, LSR molds and machinery and plant engineering castings up to 60 weights manufactured in own foundry.

W2E Wind to Energy

•www.emde.de

74



Website


SIAGHQ location Dernbach, Ger-many

SIAG has developed from a classical steel construction company to a leading supplier for the power generation industry. With production sites in Germany, the Czech Republic, France, Poland, Egypt and the USA and over 2,000 staff, SIAG is committed to grow together with our customers, and to offer the highest quality and maximum delivery reliability across the globe.

The SIAG group is active in tower construction and me-chanical engineering for wind energy technology as well as in high-tech steel construction. Advanced pro-duction lines and our expert staff who receive ongoing training help us to be a hallmark for the highest pos-sible quality and delivery reliability worldwide. To learn more about SIAG products, simply click on a business unit.

The company delivers Main Frames, Towers, Mono-piles, Transition Piece and Jackets for offshore Mari-time Systems.

DOTI E.ONGlobal Tech IVattenfall

••••

www.siag.de

Appendix - Balance of plant manufacture

75


Website


ABBHQ location Zürich, Swit-zerland

ABB is the world’s leading supplier of power equip-ment and services to the wind power industry. The ABB Group of companies operates in around 100 countries and employs about 124,000 people.

ABB produces since 2010 BorWin1-offshore wind farm, located 125 kilometers off the German mainland in the North Sea the link will deliver up to 400 MW of emis-sion-free electricity to the German power grid via an high voltage direct current power transmission system. BorWin1 consists of 80 wind turbines, each with a gen-erating capacity of 5 MW. ABB was selected by grid op-erator TenneT to supply a complete solution to connect the wind farm to the power transmission network.

TenneTTrianelStawag

•••

www.abb.com

76



Website

Subsea cables

Nexans

HQ location Paris, France

German HQ location Han-nover

As a worldwide leader in the cable industry, it offers an extensive range of cables and cabling systems. The company has industrial presence in 39 countries and commercial activities worldwide.

For more than 30 years Nexans Germany has been sup-plying and installing submarine power cables for vari-ous purposes worldwide, like power supply to islands and offshore drill rigs, as well as of course for offshore windfarms.

2011 Nexans has been awarded a contract by DONG En-ergy, based in Denmark, to supply the submarine cables and related accessories for the Anholt Offshore Wind Farm.

Nexans has additional branches worldwide

DONG EnergyCentrica

••

www.nexans.com


77


Website

Subsea cables

Norddeutsche Seek-abelwerke (NSW)

Production in USA, Asia

HQ location Nordenham, Germany

NSW is a leading manufacturer of communications, submarine, overhead, power and offshore cables as well as engineering plastics and environmental prod-ucts. For over 100 years, NSW has been committed to the expansion and improvement of communications. The company serves customers all over the world.

The challenges and potential of the offshore industry continue to grow apace. At the same time, this area re-quires very special solutions.

NSW can meet stringent requirements as the recog-nized experts in offshore cables. Developed on a case-by-case basis, our cables are reliable and cost-effective even under extreme conditions. Over the years, NSW has adapted new materials such as special metal alloys, high-density cross-linked polymers, thermoplastics and synthetic yarn to improve the elasticity and opera-tional reliability of its cables. This is how we combine the knowledge from the most varied application areas of our cables with the goal of meeting your challenges.

DOTI E.ON EWEVattenfall

••••

www.nsw.com

78



Website

Power generation and transmission

AlstomHQ location Paris, FranceGerman HQ location Man-nheim

Alstom is a global leader in the world of power genera-tion, power transmission and rail infrastructure. In Ger-many, the group has 8,300 employees which are work-ing on 24 sites.

The company is fully committed to developing wind power into an increasingly competitive source of en-ergy.

Alstom believes in wind as a viable source of clean pow-er to help meet the energy challenge. Supplying rising global energy demands, while lowering the emission of CO2 emissions and other pollutants that harm the en-vironment can be achieved through the increased use of wind power.

Building on the highly recognized technology, Alstom will accelerate growth in this expanding new market, aiming to develop wind power to its full potential on a global scale.

Alstom has additional branches worldwide.

Global Tech I VattenfallWindreich

•••

www.alstom.com


79


Website

Production of concrete foundations

Züblin/STRABAG Off-shore Wind

HQ location Wien, Austria

German HQ location Co-logne, Germany

STRABAG Offshore Wind has 2009 declared the de-velopment and production of concrete foundations and the construction of wind energy facilities to be an important business field for the future. As a first step, STRABAG was build a trial gravity foundation based on a solution developed by STRABAG subsidiary Züblin.

In series production, the more than 7,000-tonne grav-ity foundations will be produced near the shore and transported by a special ship to their final location, where they will be lowered to the seafloor. The entire installation will be shipped as a single unit, the steel mast as well as the rotor blades being mounted to the gravity foundation on land in an industrial series pro-duction process. This reduces the amount of weather-dependent offshore installation works in comparison to all other concepts. The concrete foundations will be developed and produced by STRABAG Offshore Wind.

As general contractor, the company is responsible for the entire development, planning and contract works for the erection of the offshore wind farm Arkona.

AREVA Wind (The contract for the supply of concrete founda-tion was com-pleted in 2009. The construction is expected to be completed in 2012)AWEE.ON

•

••

www.zueblin.de,www.strabag.de

80



Website

Construction services

HOCHTIEFHQ location Essen, Germa-ny

HOCHTIEF is one of the leading international provid-ers of construction-related services. Thanks to its glo-bal network, HOCHTIEF is on the map in all the world‘s major markets.

Since 2001 HOCHTIEF has been active on the fast grow-ing offshore market. Our range of services includes planning, construction and placement of the concrete foundations, subsoil testing, and installation, mainte-nance and later dismantling of masts and wind power plants.

The addition to the „jack-up platform fleet“ is a clear signal from HOCHTIEF that the Group has established an expandable basis for the construction of offshore wind-power plants. The platform is one of the largest jack-up platforms for the installation of wind power plants at sea.

HOCHTIEF has subsidiaries worldwide.

DOTI E.ONVattenfall

•••

www.hochtief.de


81


Website


Cuxhaven Steel Construction CSC (BARD)

HQ location Cuxhaven, Ger-many

Cuxhaven Steel Construction is part of the BARD Group and manufactures foundation structures and compo-nents for offshore wind power installations.

The company’s product range encompasses foundation structures for offshore wind installations - primarily the BARD Tripile. When required, however, every other kind of foundation structure made of steel can also be manufactured. Substructures, substation and service platforms can also be manufactured and in addition so-called secondary steel, that is to say offshore equip-ment components such as boat landings and protec-tion systems.

exclusive activi-ties for BARD

•www.bard-offshore.de

82



Website


EEW

Production in Europe, South America, Asia

HQ location Erndtebrück, Germany

The traditional strength of EEW is the production of large diameter, thin and heavy wall thickness pipes in carbon and stainless steels as well as clad materials. The combination of sizes, material grades, approvals, and additional services makes EEW one of the most in-teresting partners in the world of steel pipes. As a high-light, since 1995 EEW performs for the offshore industry Legs, Bracings and Sleeves for immediate assembly acc. to Point-to-Point procedure.

EEW Quality renders success and satisfied clientsThe most modern equipments also require an integrat-ed quality management system. In 1992, EEW was one of the first companies in Germany to obtain the LRS certification in accordance with ISO 9001 for its prod-ucts.

EnBW Erneuer-bare EnergienGlobal Tech I

•

•www.eew.de


83


Website

Foundation structures and wind metmasts

WeserWindHQ location Bremerhaven, Germany

WeserWind combines manufacturing technical know-how with the goal of offering cost-efficient foundation structures for offshore wind farms. From fabrication to installation – WeserWind takes an integrated approach to the costs for offshore foundation structures.

WeserWind offers both foundation structures and complete wind metmasts for offshore wind energy. The focus is on an integrated approach, the application of innovative technologies and on-going incorporation of attached manufacturing facilities from the design phase through to installation.

WeserWind not only offers serial production of offshore foundation structures but is also in a position to offer complete wind metmasts and prototypes for offshore power stations.

Global Tech ITrianelStawag

•••

www.weserwind.de

84

Appendix - Installation and commissioning


Website


BELUGA HOCHTIEF Offshore

HQ location Bremen, Ger-many

BELUGA HOCHTIEF Offshore was founded 2009 and assumes as the ship manager the role of the developer, ship construction manager, shipper and charterer.

The company has as one of the largest construction service providers in the world many years of experience in harbour construction and maritime civil engineering, such as for example with the planning, construction and laying of foundations for wind power stations in the North Sea, and uses its own jack-up platform (Odin and Thor) to do this.

In order to further expand these leading positions in the growing offshore wind market, the company is striving to plan and build a fleet of special ships to build, main-tain and run offshore power stations.

AREVA WindENERCONREpower

•••

www.beluga-hochtief-off-shore.de


85


Website

Offshore logistic services

RWE Offshore Logis-tics Company

HQ location Essen, Germa-ny

RWE Offshore Logistics Company delivers all required offshore logistic services along the lifetime of offshore wind farms to secure the realisation and operation of RWE Innogy‘s offshore wind projects. Furthermore, RWE OLC GmbH manages harbour facilities as well as RWE Innogy‘s construction programme for installation vessels and their future operation.

The Company focuses on the onshore and offshore-wind power market and already operates the UK’s first large-scale offshore wind farm North Hoyle (60 MW), and the newly completed Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm (90 MW). Nearby, the company is also preparing to begin construction of Gwynt y Môr Offshore Wind Farm (576 MW).

RWE Innogy invests around one billion Euro each year in the development of renewable energy technology in Europe. Approximately 70% of these funds is used for the development of onshore and offshore wind farms.

RWE npower EdFSocofeEcotech Finance

••••

www.rwe.com

86



Website


HOCHTIEFConstruction

HQ location Essen, Germa-ny

HOCHTIEF is Germany‘s largest construction company. It is based in Essen but operates globally, ranking as the top general builder in Europe, the United States and in Australia.

Through the installation of offshore foundations and jack-up platforms HOCHTIWEF Construction Civil Engi-neering and Marine Works has laid the basis for the cre-ation of state-of-the-art wind parks far from the coast. With the jack-up platforms HOCHTIEF is bracing itself for major maritime projects worldwide.

BARDDOTIEWE E.ONVattenfall

•••••

www.hochtief-construc-tion.de

Appendix - Operation and maintenance

87


Website

Maintenance services

All 4 OffshoreHQ location Bremen, Ger-many

The name All for Offshore stands for a combination of port, transportation and maritime logistics with the know-how from the offshore wind business. All 4 Off-shore thus offers a broad spectrum of all kinds of serv-ices necessary for the logistics planning and the op-eration of offshore wind energy projects. Hereby, it is possible to minimize time and cost intensive interfaces and to optimize processes by developing concepts for logistics.

The company offering repair and maintenance services for offshore wind turbines, foundation structures, me-dium voltage installations, auxiliary electrical systems and transformer platforms, including the complete necessary logistics.

Furthermore, during the construction and installation phase All 4 Offshore offering supportive services all along the logistic chain. This includes for example feed-er services, port services, and interface management, quality assurance as well as mechanical and electrical equipment onshore and offshore.

All for Offshore is the result of a cross-sector co-opera-tion. With wpd offshore GmbH and Schrammgroup, experienced specialists from the core sectors offshore wind energy and maritime logistics join together.

EnBW Erneu-baren EnergienVattenfall

•

•www.allforoffshore.de

88



Website


Bugsier-, Reederei- und Bergungsges-ellschaft

HQ location Hamburg, Ger-many

With our versatile fleet of Harbour Tugs the company offers round-the-clock Harbour Towage Services in the ports of Hamburg, Wedel, Cuxhaven, Bremerhaven, Bremen and Rostock. The company offers assistances to arriving and departing vessels and shifting inside the port as well as escorting.

The „Project Office Windenergy“ is established with ship masters and marine technologies engineers. To-gether they combine the know-how acquired in various projects carried worldwide in the field of shipping and offshore industry.

n/a www.bugsier.de


89


Website


FRIKINGHQ location Norden, Ger-many

FRIKING is an emerging company offering offshore services and being located on the German North Sea coast. With the offices in Norddeich and Bremerhaven the company provides direct access to the sea by the shortest route for the customers.

FRIKING main business is the displacement of persons and transport of material from land to offshore wind farms.

BARDDOTIE.ONEWEVattenfall

•••••

www.friking.eu

90



Website


momacHQ location Moers, Ger-many

momac is the only independent repairers for wind tur-bines. The company has all the services that are neces-sary for cost-optimal maintenance.

The company performs inspections (visual inspection, endoscopy transmissions, electrical measurements), repairs to generators and gearboxes quickly and inex-pensively.

GE EnergyNordexREpowerSiemens Wind PowerVestas

••••

•

www.momac.de

Appendix - Professional Service

91


Website

Professional Service

Deutsche WindGuard

HQ location Varel, Germa-ny

The company audit future wind park project of custom-ers for technical and financial benefit.

As independent consultants, WindGuard also compiles scientific studies in the area of wind energy. The com-pany gladly employs know-how in all areas of wind en-ergy to advise the customers in the different stages of your wind energy project.

n/a www.windguard.de

92



Website


Fraunhofer IWESHQ location Bremerhaven, Germany

The research activities of the Fraunhofer IWES cover wind energy and the integration of renewable energies into energy supply structures.

The activities focus on the development of optimized rotor blades, technical reliability, wind turbine simula-tion and evaluation, drive train (in planning), offshore site assessment, systems technology and grid integra-tion, energy economy and grid operation, control en-gineering and energy storage systems and bioenergy system technology.

n/a www.iwes.fraunhofer.de


93


Website


ForWindHQ location Oldenburg, Germany

ForWind, the Center for Wind Energy Research of the Universities of Oldenburg, Hannover and Bremen, combines scientific know-how with research geared towards the industry. ForWind bundles the competen-cies of the three universities and is an adept industry contact.

The center conducts fundamental research in wind en-ergy, providing independent scientific cooperation in industry-oriented projects and organizing the educa-tion, and further education, of future experts.

ForWind offers industry oriented research, develop-ment and consultation. The spectrum ranges from wind field simulations, to undertaking measurements in the area of supporting structures and installation en-gineering, up to questions on grid integration.

ForWind was founded in 2003 through the support of the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony. Since then, wind energy researchers at the Universities of Oldenburg and Hannover have worked together in cooperation.

In 2009, the University of Bremen joined as a new part-ner. This event signifi cantly widened the research spec-trum, forming a partnership of research unique at a national level.

n/a www.forwind.de

94

Appendix - Additions


Website

Generator

ELIN Motoren HQ location Weiz, Austria

ELIN Motoren is leading supplier of electrical motors and generators with a power range up to 45,000 kW/kVA.

As the leading provider in wind power market segment, the strengths are situated at a power range between 500 kW and 5,000 kW, including liquid-cooled genera-tors (induction generators, synchronous generators, variable-speed drives with dual feed induction genera-tors and frequency converters).

The most important advantages of this scope of serv-ices are flexible customer- and plant-specific design and the quality of engines. Experience of many years with liquid-cooled engines under extreme conditions (in mining, since 1970) guarantees customers the support of a partner with the most sophisticated technology and the best service network.

Since 1989 the company has delivered more than 6,000 liquid-cooled engines for wind power stations all over the world.

Project „Donghai bridge“ Offshore wind farm in China

•

www.elinmotoren.at


95


Website

Control system

Bachmann

HQ locatrion Feldkirch, Austria

German HQ location Bonn

A solid focus on technology, uncompromising qual-ity and thinking of the big picture, play an important role in various industries. The company offers you the highest universal standard in engineering, as well as optimum quality and long-term availability. The close cooperation with the customers and the outstanding investment in research and development enables Bach-mann to work on the solutions of tomorrow.

The comprehensive technical process experience gained over many years are what make Bachmann one of the most sought after partners for the realization of state-of-the-art wind power plants. With a market share of over 40 percent and use in more than 20,000 wind power plants, Bachmann electronic is the undisputed world market leader in automation for wind.

The turn-key solutions of Bachmann are ideal for use in uncountable applications on ships and offshore in-stallations. The robust components of Bachmann’s Automation System are resistant to the adverse en-vironmental conditions on the high seas. The system stands out for its redundancy possibilities in relation to networks, processors and software modules.

AMSC WindtecREpowerW2E Wind to Energy

•••

www.bachmann.info

96



Website

Fasteners

August FriedbergHQ location Gelsenkirchen, Germany

August Friedberg is one of the market leaders for high-quality connecting technology. Today Friedberg is also well-established and widely known as one of the lead-ing manufacturers of bolting systems for the ground-breaking wind turbine industry. From the assembly of flange and rotor blade to the fixation of the base many wind turbine generators worldwide nowadays literally consist of material from top to bottom.

August Friedberg produces Wind Fasteners: Fastening systems for the base, Fastening systems for tubular towers and lattice towers, HV sets from M12 to M64, Fastening systems for nacelle and hub, customized bolts and nuts stud bolts and double end studs, Fasten-ing systems for rotor blades all current systems.

August Friedberg has several branches in USA, Asia and Europe

ENERCON•www.august-friedberg.com


97


Website

Castings

Eisengießerei Torgelow

HQ location Torgelow, Ger-many

Experience was handled over through generations and leads us to the current high professional compe-tence in the development, production and testing of hand moulded grey and nodular graphite iron. The well trained, superior qualified and motivated staffs compared with continuous improvements of metal-lurgical know-how enable technological sophisticated applications with complex geometries. Notable global customers confirm our short term, flexible, reliable and efficient realization of every single purchase order.

Wherever high resilient iron castings are required, man-ufactures the company complex and specific products in the most modern foundry in Europe with the target to exceed the costumer`s requirements.

BARDENERCONGE EnergyNordexREpowerSiemens Wind Power

••••••

w w w. e i s e n g i e s s e r e i -torgelow.de

98



Website

Castings

Siempelkamp

Production in Europe, USA, Asia

HQ location Krefeld, Ger-many

The Siempelkamp is a globally leading manufacturer of hand-formed cast iron parts made of cast iron with nodular graphite. In recent years, continuous further development and the opening up of new fields of appli-cation have increased capacity to an annual production of around 70,000 t of liquid iron.

Siempelkamp Foundry has supplied foundry compo-nents for wind turbines since 1998. Whereas the cast parts were initially manufactured for wind turbines up to 1.5 MW, today these highly stressed parts are used in plants up to 5 MW.

Close consultation has taken place with customers in order to develop the optimized geometries and materi-als needed to meet the increasing stresses being placed on the cast parts as a result of the increase in size of the rotor blades and the siting of the turbines in offshore areas.

AREVA Wind• www.siempelkamp.com


99


Website

Castings

Meuselwitz GussHQ location Meuselwitz, Germany

Meuselwitz Guss produces castings with a high dimen-sional accuracy and surface quality using the Furan res-in moulding method for pieces with a weight of up to 65t per piece with the help of state-of-the-art foundry systems in a hand-moulding and large-scale moulding plant. During the years from 1993 until 2009 EUR 61 mil-lion were invested in the modernization and expansion of the hand-moulding plant. The company provides consultancy services to the customers as early as dur-ing the design stage so that they can dimension their constructional elements optimally for the casting proc-ess. FERROCAST® is the brand name for casting prod-ucts produced and distributed by foundries.

Furthermore, the company coordinates processing of cast parts into finished parts, modules and finished products which can be assembled for the customers.

ENERCONGE Energy

••

www.meuselwitz-guss.de

100



Website

Bearings

IMOHQ location Gremsdorf, Germany

As the first company in the slewing ring industry IMO Energy has specialized exclusively on supplying system manufacturers in the renewable energy sector.

IMO Energy is one of the world‘s leading manufacturers of ball slewing rings used as blade and yaw bearings, as well as for azimuth gear rims to a diameter of 5,200 mm. These are used for onshore and offshore wind tur-bines in the 100 kW to 6,5 MW range. Roller slewing rings from IMO Energy are in use as single main bear-ings for gear- and shaftless wind turbines.

Slewing Rings for offshore applications have to meet special approval requirements regarding material char-acteristics and safety under catastrophic load cases. The arduous environmental conditions require high performance sealing systems. Inspection and approval by the certifying authorities is often required.

ENERCONLiebherrVestas

•••

www.imo.de


101


Website

Pitch system

SSB Wind Systems

Production in Germany and China

HQ location Salzbergen, Germany

The company develops solutions for the wind energy in-dustry with the customers’ best interest and benefits in mind. More than 400 employees are active worldwide. As part of the Emerson Electric Co., the SSB will con-tinue to set benchmarks as one of the most recognized suppliers of pitch systems worldwide. The trademarks are quality and reliability, even under the most extreme conditions.

Vestas• www.ssbwindsystems.de

102



Website

Gearboxes

Moventas

HQ location Helsinki, Fin-land

German HQ location Wup-pertal

Moventas is one of the largest manufacturers of wind turbine gears in the world. The company also manu-factures power transmission solutions for industry use and provides services for their overhaul and mainte-nance. Majority of the products‘ end use is connected with renewable energy. In 2009, Moventas generated net sales of EUR 237 million. The company has approxi-mately 1,200 employees in nine countries globally with a world-wide partner network. European private equi-ty investor IK Investment Partners holds the majority of the shares in Moventas.

Moventas product range covers planetary-helical and planetary gear units from kW to multi-megawatt class. Uncompromising reliability in both products and services is of major importance in wind gear units. The world’s leading wind turbine manufacturers know Moventas for our reliability and responsiveness.

GE EnergyREpower Vestas

•••

www.moventas.com


103


Website

Gearboxes

Moventas

HQ location Helsinki, Fin-land

German HQ location Wup-pertal

Moventas is one of the largest manufacturers of wind turbine gears in the world. The company also manu-factures power transmission solutions for industry use and provides services for their overhaul and mainte-nance. Majority of the products‘ end use is connected with renewable energy. In 2009, Moventas generated net sales of EUR 237 million. The company has approxi-mately 1,200 employees in nine countries globally with a world-wide partner network. European private equi-ty investor IK Investment Partners holds the majority of the shares in Moventas.

Moventas product range covers planetary-helical and planetary gear units from kW to multi-megawatt class. Uncompromising reliability in both products and services is of major importance in wind gear units. The world’s leading wind turbine manufacturers know Moventas for our reliability and responsiveness.

GE EnergyREpower Vestas

•••

www.moventas.com

104



Website

Foundations

Bilfinger BergerHQ location Mannheim, Germany

Bilfinger Berger occupies a leading position in the pro-vision of services for industrial facilities, power plants and buildings. The Group’s operations comprise the business segments Industrial Services, Power Services, Building and Facility Services, Construction and Con-cessions. Industrial Services covers the maintenance, repair and modernization of production plants in a range of industries.

In the middle of the Baltic Sea, specialists from Bilfinger Berger are placing more than 90 heavyweight founda-tions on the sea floor: the company is ensuring that the wind turbines at the Roedsand 2 offshore wind-park stand straight.

Bilfinger Berger has sales regions worldwide.

E.ONREpowerDONG Energy

•••

www.bilfinger.com


105


Website

Subsea cables

nkt cables

Production in Norway,Germany, Denmark, Po-land, and China

HQ location Cologne, Ger-many

nkt cables develops, manufactures and markets power cables and cable systems for electricity transmission, electricity distribution, and electrical installations. The range also includes submarine cables, catenary materi-als for electric railways, wires for the automotive indus-try and a wide selection of special cables for industrial uses. The company also provides numerous consulting and engineering services.

nkt cables has signed a contract with the Dutch-Ger-man transmission system operator TenneT for the man-ufacture and delivery of a high voltage submarine cable to the Riffgat Wind Farm located 20 km north-west of the island of Borkum in the WaddenSea.

nkt cables will deliver 50 kilometres 155kV AC cable. The scope of services from nkt cables includes production and installation of HVAC submarine cable systems and accessories for the transmission system. Contract value is more than € 50 million. The cable is to be produced in Cologne, Germany, and is scheduled for 2012.

EWETenneT

••

www.nktcables.com

Innovasjon Norge

Akersgata 1�

0104 Oslo

www.innovasjonnorge.no

Innovation Norway Hamburg

Caffamacherreihe 5

20�55 Hamburg

Germany

[email protected]

Innovation Norway London

Charles House

5 Lower Regent Street

London SW1Y 4LR

United Kingdom

[email protected]

Contact

INTPOW – Norwegian Renewable Energy Partners

PO Box 642, Skøyen

NO-0214 Oslo, Norway

[email protected]

Market Study 2011 - Region Bergen€¦ · Market specifics – challenges and authority support 5 2...

Documents

Transcript of Market Study 2011 - Region Bergen€¦ · Market specifics – challenges and authority support 5 2...