MARK VI Presentation for FAPA
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Transcript of MARK VI Presentation for FAPA
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Ecotourism, Cultural Tourism and Land Use Planning
Tracy Mullins, AICPJon Adams, BA
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The Problem
Aug 16, 2009: Florida Bay Ecosystem Feared on the
Brink of Collapse
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Ecotourism and Cultural Tourism
Depend on a sense of Place
The enemy of “Place” is sprawl
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Sustainable Development
Quadruple Economic Environmental Social Political
Sustainability is not an end but an ongoing process
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Urban planning differs from Tourism Planning
Urban Planning is for the whole community
Tourism planning is for targeted communities
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Tourism planning or Planning for Tourism
Coordination of Planning Integrated community of planning Grey Infrastructure Green Infrastructure Watershed Management Controlling Sprawl Regional Planning
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Tourism
Sustainable Tourism Development has been defined as meeting the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future
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The Tourism Destination
A tourism destination can take 3 forms for Planners1. Virtual
Function of special interest i.e. canoeing
2. Geographici.e. a beach or mountain
3. Administrative domaini.e a municipality or cultural organization
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Tourism Planning Methodology:Four Steps
1. Inventory
2. Orientation
3. Design
4. Action
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STEP 1
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Step 1 – Inventory
Natural Resources
Habitats
Current Conservation and Planning
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Inventory: Initial GIS Analysis
Aerial
Topographic
Wetlands and
Floodplains
Soils
Location
Land Use
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Step 1 – InventoryPhysical Inventory of Elements
Florida State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP)
Greenways, Blueways Transportation Corridor Plans
County and Municipal Comprehensive plans
Special Overlay Districts
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Step 1 – InventoryConservation Data Sources
Florida Wildlife Conservation Guidehttp://www.myfwc.com/CONSERVATION/FWCG.htm
Federal Regulations State Regulatory Compliance
Permitting: Birds, Gopher Tortoise Memorandum of Understanding FL Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Regional Planning Councils UF IFAS Extension Water Management Districts
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Step 1 – InventoryTourism Stakeholders
Nature-Based Recreation programs Public Involvement
Open Space programs Charettes Focus Groups Public Presentations
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Step 1 - InventoryAttractions
Natural Attractions
Cultural Attractions
Historic and Heritage Attractions
Recreational Activities
Inventory Evaluation Sheets
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Step 1 - InventoryInfrastructure and Services
Transportation
Accessibility
Public Services
Evaluation of Surroundings
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Step 1 - InventoryCurrent Market Demand Analysis
Chambers of Commerce, Visitor and Convention Bureau, Public and Private Agencies Visitor Questionnaires
In person On line
Visitor Survey License plates Values and lifestyles
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Step 1 – InventoryCompetition & Labor Requirements
Competition Who are the competition? Competitive Advantage Accommodation Facilities Survey
Labor Source Survey & Training needs Local capacity building plan
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Step 1 – Inventory THE RESULTS = DATA
Area-wide Map of Conservation and Development
Tourism Database
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STEP 2
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Step 2 – Orientation
Create Stakeholder Committee Orientation to the community Orientation to the concept
GIS Map Analysis: Creating a Common Operating Picture
Opportunity Spectrum Tools Tools to Managing Visitor Use Financial Analysis Tools
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Step 2 – Orientation Create Stakeholder Committee
o Orient to the community o Community Mappingo Stakeholder Focus Groupo Residential Survey
Orient to the concept Educating the public
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Orientation: GIS Analysis
Inventory Site
Set Buffers Identify Critical Areas
Identify Buildable
Land
Place Infrastructure
CREATE ZONING MAP
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Step 2 – Orientation Carrying Capacity
Environmental factors set limits on population that an area can sustain
Three main elements Biophysical – which relates to the natural
environment Socio-cultural – impact on host
population and its culture Facility – which relates to the visitor
experience
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Step 2 – Orientation Recreation Opportunity Spectrum & Limits of Acceptable Change
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) is based on levels of development ranging from primitive to modern and levels of management required
Levels of Acceptable Change (LAC) builds on ROS, and recognizes both the social and environmental dimensions of recreational impacts
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Step 2 – Orientation Rural to Urban Transect
After A. Duany
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Recreation 0pportunity SpectrumActivity->Setting->Desired Experience
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Step 2 – OrientationLimits of Acceptable Change (LAC)
Similar concept to Level Of Service (LOS) in Transportation
Exceeding the Limits of Acceptable Change results in ecological disaster
Requires Benchmarks, Indicators, and continuous Monitoring of Indicators
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Step 2 – Orientation
Tourism Optimization Management Model
Identify strategic imperatives
Identify community values, characteristics, trends and opportunities and alternative scenarios
Identify Limits of Acceptable Change and, monitoring techniques
Identify poor performance and develop management options to mitigate
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Step 2 – Orientation Visitor Impact Management
VIM involves legislative/policy review, scientific problem identification and analysis, and professional judgment.
Requires the assistance of Resource Management experts
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Step 2 – Orientation Visitor Activity Management Process
VAMP develops activity profiles which connect activities with Social, demographic characteristics of
participants; Activity-setting requirements; Trends affecting the activity
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Step 2 – Orientation V.A.M.P.
Visitor Activity Groups Visiting friends and
relations Ecotourists Cultural Tourists
Profile visitors by Demographic Geographic Psychographic
The Experience
1. Awareness
2. On-route
3. Arrival
4. On-site
5. Departure
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Step 2 – Orientation Zoning
Example of Tourism Zoning Zone I-Special Preservation
Preservation Zone II-Wilderness
Perpetuation Zone III-Natural Environment
Controlled motorized access Zone IV-Outdoor Recreation
Direct access by motor vehicles Zone V-Park Services
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Step 2 – Orientation Tools to Managing Visitor Use
Use Limitation Design Education/Interpretation User fees and charges
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Step 2 – Orientation Use Limitation
Resource Maintenance Golf - group size, start times Hunting, fishing - game limits, seasons
Visitor safety/comfort Camping, spectator sports - number of
sites, number of seats, seasons
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Step 2 – Orientation Design elements: Policy and Institutional framework
Public institutions – FDOT, DOE, etc
Private institutions- Conservation groups
Tourism Legislation (Licensing, classification, inspection
Inventory of relevant policy reforms underway or being discussed
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Step 2 – Orientation Education/interpretation
"Interpretation is the process of
communicating messages and stories about our cultural and
natural heritage, providing the audience with inspiration and a
wider understanding of our environment. Or
quite simply, interpretation is about
telling stories."
Heritage Interpretation Association
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Step 2 – Orientation User fees and charges
User fees: Admission, trekking fees etc.
Concession: fee for permission to operate at a location from hotdog carts to canoe rentals
Sales and royalties: Branding the community
Taxation: tourism bed taxes Donations
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Step 2 – Orientation Cost Benefit Analysis
Economic Cost Benefit Analysis Estimating un-measureable costs and
benefits User fees and charges Cost benefit evaluation &
recommendations
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Step 2 – Orientation Result of Step 2 = Data + Analysis
Decision support documents based upon tools such as VAMP and ROS
Decision Support Documents based upon the result of stakeholder input and the Public Involvement Process.
Decision Support Documents based upon Economic Analysis
Decision Support Maps based on Geographic Analysis
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STEP 3
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Step 3 – Design
Plan beyond the fenceEverything connects to everything else
Step back and evaluate how things are connected in a regional context
Each planning decision made will affect other land and water resources nearby – create a matrix that shows the relationships
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Step 3 - DesignCarrying capacity has four branches All related to the number of visitors to a site or area
Physical is the actual number of visitors a site can hold;
Biological is the point at which environmental degradation occurs to the extent that it is irreversible or unacceptable;
Psychological is the point at which the tourists feels the quality of their experience is damaged by the number of other tourists and/or their behaviors, and
Social is the level at which the local inhabitants of the site (possibly the tourist attraction themselves) feel disrupted, intruded upon etc.
Quality demands setting limits
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Step 3 - Design Design Sustainability
Policy Tools Policy Documents Codification
Management Tools Business Plans & Marketing Plans 10 P’s Implementation Plans
Design Tools – linking elements Multi-model Transportation Corridors linking
Conservation Subdivisions, Conservation areas, Parks and Open Space, grey field redevelopment
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Establishment of Monitoring – changes in levels and
conditions Indicators –of changes from benchmarks Control/Incentives – to correct problems
and achieve goals. Policies – integrated vertically and
sectorally implemented and enforced
Step 3 - Design Perpetuate sustainability by
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Step 3 - Design Tourism and Urban Design
Link Urban Design with sustainability Connect system of multi-use trails,
recreational areas, open spaces and environmental lands
Wildlife-friendly Lighting Wildlife-friendly Yards Wildlife Undercrossing Design Parks and Recreation Stakeholders
include visiting friends and relatives
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Step 3 - Design Business Plan
Ensure returns on investment Adopt a “User pays”stratigies Determine optimal levels and
limitations of investmentBased on individual destination
capabilities and community and land/resource carrying capacity
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Step 3 - Design Results of Step 3 = Tourism Plan (based on Step 1 + 2) + Mapping
Management Recommendation matrix
Defensible business cases/plans sustainable comprehensive tourism plans
Proposed Land Use Changes, Ordinances, Overlay Districts etc.
Map series
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STEP 4
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Step 4 - Action
Money Muscle Magic Maintenance (so you don’t have to
mitigate)
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Step 4 - Action The 4 M’s of implementation
Money: Sufficient cash flow Muscle: Political will to pass policy and
regulation, volunteers to work on review committees, community involvement
Magic Creating a sense of place and marketing it
Maintenance Look to Disney for maintenance standards
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QUESTIONS?
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