Mark van der Zande -...
Transcript of Mark van der Zande -...
MARK VAN DER ZANDE Product Manager, KROHNE
• M.Sc. Physics at Eindhoven University, NL. • PhD. at Delft University, NL.
(Multiphase Flow / Petroleum Engineering)
• 15 years experience in Research and Development of professional instrumentation (Multiphase Flowmeters, Medical scanners)
• Product Manager M-PHASE 5000 at KROHNE • Based in Dordrecht, The Netherlands
(Development and Manufacturing center)
1. Multiphase flow in upstream oil industry
2. Magnetic resonance
3. Flow measurement
4. Performance
5. Conclusions
• Oil wells produce a mixture of oil, gas and water.
• Multiple wells producing to one main production line
• Separation takes place on comingled flow
• Information is needed on flow performance of individual wells:
- Production allocation
- Production optimization
- Well testing
NFOGM handbook of MPFM
Multiphase Flow Measurement in Oil Production
Multiphase Flow Measurement in Oil Production
Test separator:
• Individual well can be
selected
Note:
• Bulky configuration
- Large space claim
- Long stabilization time
• Regular maintenance
needed
- Valves
- Calibration of flowmeters
• Limited rangeability
regarding production rate:
- Variations from well to well
- Variations over lifetime
NFOGM handbook of MPFM
Multiphase Flowmeter
Multiphase Flow Measurement in Oil Production
Multiphase flowmeter:
• Replaces test separator
• Simultaneous measurement of
oil, as and water flowrate
• Save on:
- Space
- Weight
- Cost
- Test time
NFOGM handbook of MPFM
Multiphase Flowmeter
Multiphase Flow Measurement in Oil Production
Multiphase flowmeter:
• Installation close to the well
head possible
• Continuously monitoring of
production rate:
- Well testing
- Flow assurance
- Production allocation
- Production optimization
NFOGM handbook of MPFM
• Complex flow, several different flow regimes
• Unsteady flow conditions possible
• Oil / Water / Gas ratio can fluctuate
Multiphase Flow
NFOGM handbook of MPFM
NFOGM handbook of MPFM
• Complex flow, several different flow regimes
• Unsteady flow conditions possible
• Oil / Water / Gas ratio can fluctuate
Multiphase Flow
Challenge for flow measurement
NFOGM handbook of MPFM
• Complex flow, several different flow regimes
• Unsteady flow conditions possible
• Oil / Water / Gas ratio can fluctuate
Multiphase Flow
Inline: • Combination various
measurement principles: - Venturi
- Gamma-ray
- Capacitance/conductance
• Model - Empirical relations
• Some require mixing
Multiphase Flow various existing types
M-PHASE 5000
Multiphase Flow KROHNE M-PHASE 5000
Inline: • Single measurement principle; Magnetic Resonance
• No radioactive source
• Large dynamic range (1:60); full bore design
• Fully automated inline fluid characterization
1. Multiphase flow in upstream oil industry
2. Magnetic resonance
3. Flow measurement
4. Performance
5. Conclusions
Various Nobel prizes have been awarded related to magnetic resonance:
1943, O. Stern: magnetic moment of a proton
1944, I. Rabi: magnetic resonance (MR) of a proton
1952, F. Bloch, E. Purcell: MR in liquids and solids
1991, R. Ernst: MR spectroscopy (chemistry)
2002, K. Wüthrich, Fenn, Tanaka: MR spectroscopy for resolving 3D structures
2003, P. Lauterbur, P. Mansfield: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Medical)
Various instruments have been based on magnetic resonance, e.g.:
Magnetic Resonance
www.nobelprize.org
Table top MR analyzer www.oxford-instruments.com
MRI medical scanner www.philips.com
magnet
receive RF signal
• Makes use of very fundamental physical property of atoms, and allows you to ‘count’ hydrogen atoms
• The principle: - Oil, water and gas contain hydrogen atoms
- In a magnetic field the nucleus of the hydrogen atom (proton):
– aligns with the applied magnetic field – precesses around magnetic field lines (frequency proportional to
magnetic field strength).
- When irradiated with radio waves of the same frequency, the protons resonate (react to the RF signal)
- The protons absorb and re-emit the radio energy of the same frequency. The emitted signal (echo) is proportional to the number of protons
oil water gas
send RF signal
Magnetic Resonance
Hydrogen
Magnetic Field
Radio Frequency pulses
Magnetic Resonance Requires:
magnet
oil water gas
RF signal
1. Multiphase flow in upstream oil industry
2. Magnetic resonance
3. Flow measurement
4. Performance
5. Conclusions
Pre-magnetization section
Motor to vary pre-magnetization length
Main magnet with RF and gradient coil
Electronics housing in flame proof boxes
Flow
• Full bore pipe, horizontal configuration, length approx. 3.5m. • Internal tube size 4” (standard) and 3” and 2” • Ambient operating temperature: -40°C to + 65°C, process temperature: 93 °C • Maximum process pressure: 258 bar (for 1500#) • All electronics mounted directly on the flowmeter in two flame-proof boxes
‘Convective decay’ method
Excited protons are leaving the coil due to flow
Measure the decrease in amplitude of the echoes
v = Lc/tS=0
Lc
Measurement of fluid velocity
Main magnet on oil measurement
All magnets on oil and water measurement
• From the ratio between the measured signals, the oil and water fractions can be determined
Make use of the fact that oil and water magnetize at a different rate (time constant)
Measurement of oil and water fraction
1. Multiphase flow in upstream oil industry
2. Magnetic resonance
3. Flow measurement
4. Performance
5. Conclusions
Parameter range of tests: Pressure: 3-90 barg
Temperature: 25-40 oC
Salinity: 0-250 g/l
Viscosity: 1-45 cSt
Performed tests overview test points
Good accuracy both in liquid
and gas flow rate:
• Accuracy achieved over large
dynamic range
• Good accuracy for both
liquid and gas flow rates for
GVF < 95%:
- 3-5% MV on liquid
- 8-10% MV on gas
Performed tests DNV-GL
Gas Oil Water Velocity [m/s]
24 m3/h Oil, 6 m3/h Water, 8 Am3/h Gas, 4”pipe, P = 30 bar, T = 25 °C
Performed tests DNV-GL
The multiphase flow meter co-developed by Krohne and Shell and deployed at NAM Rotterdam
Field test; The Netherlands
Field test; The Netherlands
The multiphase flow meter co-developed by Krohne and Shell and deployed at NAM Rotterdam
The multiphase flow meter co-developed by Krohne and Shell and deployed at NAM Rotterdam
Field test; The Netherlands
Measurement magnetic resonance fluid properties in the field
• Block in fluids static sample
• Fully automated fluid characterization
Benefits:
• More accurate input data:
• No conversion from lab conditions to field conditions needed
• No need to take samples
• No sample handling needed
• Savings on operation cost of the flowmeter
• Note: offline fluid characterization is optional as well
Inline fluid characterization
1. Multiphase flow in upstream oil industry
2. Magnetic resonance
3. Flow measurement
4. Performance
5. Conclusions
One single measuring principle, direct ‘molecular’ measurement
No radioactive source
Fully automated inline fluid characterization
Full bore design; no pressure drop, no wear
Large turn-down ratio on velocity (1:60)
Suited for oil producing wells:
GVF < 95%
High sensitivity at high WLR (up to 100%)
Suited for high viscosities (3-550 cP)
Suited for high salinity of water (up to saturation)
Enables enhanced reservoir management
Conclusions