MARINER - Medically Ill Patient Assessment of Rivaroxaban...

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Medically Ill Patient Assessment of Rivaroxaban Versus Placebo IN Reducing Post-Discharge Venous Thrombo-Embolism Risk (MARINER) Trial: Primary Results Alex C. Spyropoulos *, Walter Ageno, Gregory W. Albers, C. Gregory Elliott, Jonathan L. Halperin, William R. Hiatt, Gregory A. Maynard, P. Gabriel Steg, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Eunyoung Suh, Theodore E. Spiro, Elliot S. Barnathan, Gary E. Raskob* On behalf of the MARINER Investigators * Study Co-Chairs

Transcript of MARINER - Medically Ill Patient Assessment of Rivaroxaban...

Page 1: MARINER - Medically Ill Patient Assessment of Rivaroxaban ...intranet.cardiol.br/coberturaonline/slides/2066.pdf · Key Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Key inclusion criteria* u

Medically Ill Patient Assessment of Rivaroxaban Versus Placebo IN Reducing Post-Discharge 

Venous Thrombo-Embolism Risk (MARINER) Trial: Primary Results

Alex C. Spyropoulos*, Walter Ageno, Gregory W. Albers, C. Gregory Elliott, Jonathan L. Halperin, William R. Hiatt, Gregory A. Maynard, P. Gabriel Steg, 

Jeffrey I. Weitz, Eunyoung Suh, Theodore E. Spiro, Elliot S. Barnathan, Gary E. Raskob*

On behalf of the MARINER Investigators* Study Co-Chairs

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Background• A significant proportion of ~20 million patients in the US and EU hospitalized annually 

for medical illness remain at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) after hospital discharge, but the role of extended thromboprophylaxis is controversial– Over 400,000 VTE and fatal PE events annually with an incidence of 3% in at-risk patients– The rate of symptomatic VTE more than doubles over the first 21 days and is associated 

with a five-fold increase of fatal PE up to 6 weeks post-discharge– Previous trials of extended thromboprophylaxis have shown either excess bleeding or 

benefit based on mainly reducing asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis• The MARINER trial was designed to optimize the benefit/risk profile of extended 

prophylaxis with rivaroxaban at discharge in an at-risk medically ill population using clinically meaningful endpoints– VTE enrichment strategy – Reduced dosing in subjects with moderate renal insufficiency/key exclusionary criteria

Spyropoulos AC et al Chest 2011; 140:706-14  Guyatt GH, et al. Chest 2012;141(suppl):e185s-e194s

Anderson FA, Jr. et al. Am J Hematol 2007;82(9):777-82Cohen AT et al. Thromb Haemost 2007;98(4):756-64Heit JA et al. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(11):1245-8 

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ObjectivesPrimary Objective

• Prevention of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE: lower extremity deep vein thrombosis [DVT] and non-fatal pulmonary embolism [PE]) 

and VTE-related death (death due to PE or death in which PE cannot be ruled out as the cause) 

Secondary Objectives

• VTE-related death • Symptomatic VTE • The composite of symptomatic VTE and all-cause 

mortality • The composite of symptomatic VTE, myocardial 

infarction, non-hemorrhagic stroke and CV death • All-cause mortality

Principal Safety Objective

• Major bleeding using International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) bleeding criteria

Secondary Safety Objective

• Non-major clinically relevant bleeding

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MARINER - Study Design

Placebo

Rivaroxaban 10 mg/day (CrCl ≥ 50ml/min)

7.5mg/day (CrCl 30-<50ml/min)

Day 45

R

Day 75

~12,000 Medically Ill hospitalized

for 3-10 days* 

Design: Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, event driven trial

*3-14 days prior to INT-5 

DischargeScreening Treatment Follow-up

1:1Stratified by

Renal Functionand Country

Power: 90%, Two sided alpha 0.05 to target 161 events (Placebo 2.5%, 40% RRR) 

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Key Inclusion and Exclusion CriteriaKey inclusion criteria*u Patients ≥ 40 years hospitalized for 3-10 days with 

thromboprophylaxis (LMWH or UFH) prior to randomization for one of the following acute medical conditions

u Heart failureu Acute respiratory insufficiency or acute 

exacerbation of COPDu Acute ischemic strokeu Acute infectious diseasesu Inflammatory diseases, including rheumatic 

disease

u Total modified IMPROVE VTE Risk Score ≥ 4 OR total modified IMPROVE VTE Risk Score 2 or 3  and  D dimer > 2x ULN during index hospitalization

Key exclusion criteria*u Bleeding Risks

u Any bleeding within 3 monthsu Surgery, biopsy or trauma 4 weeks prior or 

plannedu Active gastroduodenal ulceru Active cancer  

u Required anticoagulation after dischargeu Use of dual antiplatelet therapy during the index 

hospitalizationu Concomitant Medications

u Combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors u Combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducers 

* Reflects I/E Criteria as of INT-7

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IMPROVE VTE Risk ScoreVTE Risk Factor PointsPrevious VTE 3Known thrombophilia  2Lower-limb paralysis 2History of cancer* 2Immobilization ≥1 day* 1ICU/CCU stay 1Age >60 years 1

Spyropoulos AC et al Chest 2011; 140:706-14

*Modified for the MARINER clinical trialICU = intensive care unit; CCU = critical care unit.

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MARINER Randomized 12,024 subjectsMARINER was conducted in 36 countries at 671 sites

Canada N=43

United StatesN=291

Colombia N=140

Peru N=65BrazilN=92

Argentina N=242

South AfricaN=208

UKN=8

Spain N=384

NetherlandsN=17

Germany N=17Italy N=147

IsraelN=111

DenmarkN=7

Czech RepN=231

RussiaN=1142

UkraineN=854

Hungary N=549 AustraliaN=88

PolandN=619

Romania N=324

Mexico N=32

Portugal N=13

EstoniaN=11

LatviaN=308

LithuaniaN=164 Belarus

N=133

Austria N=14TurkeyN=70 Georgia

N=1762

Greece N=131

BulgariaN=1428

Croatia N=270Bosnia and

Herzegovina N=597

SerbiaN=609

Macedonia N=902

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Study Flow12,024 Patients randomized

12,019 Patients included in the Intention to Treat 

Analysis6,007 Assigned to receive Rivaroxaban 6,012 Assigned to receive placebo

2 Without written informed consent3 Without Health Authority Approval

19 Outcome Status at Day 45 unknown

1 Lost to follow up18 Withdrew consent

24 Outcome Status at Day 45 unknown

4 Lost to follow up20 Withdrew consent

525 Discontinued study treatment 

prematurely

540 Discontinued study treatment 

prematurely

5982 Treated with rivaroxaban

5980 Treated with placebo

11,962 Patients included in the Safety Analysis

32 Not treated25 Not treated

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Characteristic Rivaroxaban (n= 6007) Placebo (n=6012)Age (Mean-yr) 69.7 69.7

   ≥ 75 yr (%) 35.9 35.6

Male Sex (%) 52.1 52.5

Race (% White) 96.3 96.6

Weight (mean kg) 80.8 80.6

Creatinine Clearance (ml/min)

   30 - < 50 (%); 7.5mg Dose Stratum 18.3 18.3

  ≥50 (%); 10mg Dose Stratum 81.7 81.7

Diabetes (%) 29.1 27.9

History of Cancer (%) 8.1 8.9

Baseline aspirin use (%) 52.6 50.7

Baseline Characteristics (1)

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Characteristic Rivaroxaban (n= 6007) Placebo (n=6012)Reason for Index Hospitalization (%)

   Heart Failure 40.6 39.9

   Acute Resp Insuff or Exac of COPD 26.2 26.8

   Acute Infectious Disease 17.5 17.4

   Acute Ischemic Stroke 14.3 14.4

   Inflammatory Disease 1.4 1.5

Duration of Index Hosp. (days, mean) 6.7 6.7

Duration of thromboprophylaxis (days, mean) 6.2 6.2

Modified IMPROVE Risk Score (%)

  2 34.9 35.8

  3 31.4 29.6

  ≥ 4 33.6 34.5

D-Dimer >2x Upper Limit of Normal (%) 70.4 70.5

Baseline Characteristics (2)

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Study Results

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Primary Efficacy Outcome%

Rivaroxaban (N=6007) Placebo (N=6012)

1.61.41.2

10.80.60.40.2

0

0.83

1.1

Symptomatic VTE and VTE related Death up to Day 45

50 66

HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.52-1.09) 

24% RRR0.27% ARR

P=0.136

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Primary Efficacy Outcome up to Day 45

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Components of the Primary Efficacy Outcome up to Day 45 

 

Rivaroxaban(N=6007)

Placebo(N=6012) Rivaroxaban vs Placebo

Outcomes n (%) n (%)Hazard Ratio(95% CI) [1]

p-value [2]

Primary efficacy outcome (Sx VTE and VTE-related death)

   50 (0.83)    66 (1.10)    0.76 (0.52, 1.09)   0.136

  Symptomatic lower extremity DVT     4 (0.07)    13 (0.22)    0.31 (0.10, 0.94)   0.039

  Symptomatic non-fatal PE     7 (0.12)    15 (0.25)    0.47 (0.19, 1.14)   0.096

  VTE-related death    43 (0.72)    46 (0.77)    0.93 (0.62, 1.42)   0.751

    Death (PE)     3 (0.05)     5 (0.08)    0.60 (0.14, 2.51)   0.485

    Death (PE cannot be ruled out)    40 (0.67)    41 (0.68)    0.98 (0.63, 1.51)   0.912

[1] Hazard ratio (95% CI) and p-value are from the Cox proportional hazard model, stratified by baseline creatinine clearance (CrCl) (30-<50mL/min vs. ≥50mL/min), with treatment as the only covariate.[2] P-value (two-sided) for superiority of rivaroxaban versus placebo from the Cox proportional hazard model.

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Primary Efficacy Outcome: By Dose Stratum/Baseline Renal Function 

%

Rivaroxaban 10 mg                                  (N=4909)

Placebo                                                        (N=4913)

Rivaroxaban 7.5mg                                  (N=1098)

Placebo                                                        (N=1099)

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

0.650.98

1.64 1.64

Symptomatic VTE and VTE-related Death up to Day 45

P=0.075

P=0.994

10 mg QD (CrCl ≥50ml/min) 7.5 mg QD (CrCl 30-< 50ml/min)

32 48 18 18

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Secondary Efficacy Outcomes up to Day 45

VTE-related Death Symptomatic VTE

56% Reduction

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Secondary Efficacy Outcomes up to Day 45Symptomatic VTE and 

All-Cause MortalitySymptomatic VTE, MI, 

Ischemic Stroke and CV Death  All-Cause Mortality 

27% Reduction

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Bleeding Outcomes (On Treatment + 2 Days)

 

Rivaroxaban(N=5982)

Placebo(N=5980) Rivaroxaban vs Placebo

  n (%) n (%)Hazard Ratio(95% CI) [1]

p-value [2]

Major bleeding  17 (0.28)   9 (0.15)    1.88 (0.84, 4.23) 0.124

  A fall in hemoglobin of >=2g/dL  14 (0.23)   6 (0.10)    2.33 (0.89, 6.05) 0.084

  A transfusion of >=2 units of packed RBC  11 (0.18)   3 (0.05)    3.66 (1.02, 13.10) 0.047

  A critical site   3 (0.05)   2 (0.03)    1.50 (0.25, 8.97) 0.657

  A fatal outcome   2 (0.03)   0 (0.0)    NA (NA, NA)  

Non-major clinically relevant bleeding  85 (1.42)  51 (0.85)    1.66 (1.17, 2.35) 0.004[1] Hazard ratio (95% CI) and p-value are from the Cox proportional hazard model, stratified by baseline CrCl (30-<50 mL/min vs. ≥50 mL/min), with treatment as the only covariate.[2] P-value (two-sided) for superiority of rivaroxaban versus placebo from the Cox proportional hazard model.

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Conclusions – MARINER • Rivaroxaban did not significantly reduce the composite of symptomatic VTE and VTE-

related death in an at-risk medically ill population post-hospital discharge (ARR=0.27%)– There appeared to be no effect on VTE-related death

• Secondary outcomes revealed:– A 56% reduction in symptomatic VTE – A 27% reduction in symptomatic VTE and all-cause mortality 

• Rivaroxaban 10mg in subjects without significant renal impairment (CrCL ≥ 50ml/min) appeared more effective than reduced dose in subjects with moderate renal impairment 

• The incidence of major bleeding with rivaroxaban was low (0.28%) with no significant increase in major, critical, or fatal bleeding

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The results of the MARINER study are now available at NEJM.org

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Acknowledgements: CommitteesClinical Events Committee

Jim Douketis (Chair)Alexander G. Turpie,Sam SchulmanClive KearonLori-Ann LinkinsSebastian Schellong

Kenneth Bauer (Chair)William GeertsRobin Roberts

Independent Data Monitoring Committee

National Lead InvestigatorsPatricia Casais, Alexander Gallus, Jeff Karrasch, Sabine Eichinger-Hasenauer, Vitaly Krivenchuk, Almira Hadzovic-Dzuvo, Stevan Trbojevic, Renato Lopes, Valentina Mincheva, Marc Carrier,  Rodolfo Dennis, Neven Tudoric, Jindrich Spinar, Henrik Nielsen, Toomas Marandi, Tamaz Shaburishvili, Jan Beyer-Westendorf, Panos Vardas, Zoltan Boda, Benjamin Brenner, Franco Piovella, Dainis Krievins, Birute Petrauskiene, Violeta Dejanova-Ilijevska, Luis Ramon Virgen Carrillo, Saskia Middeldorp, Reynaldo Pastor Castillo Leon, Adam Torbicki, Marta Saraiva de Sousa, Maria Dorobantu, Constantin Militaru, Igor Yavelov, Biljana Vuckovic, Jindrich Spinar, Helmuth Reuter, Matthys Basson, Manuel Monreal, Serdar Kucukoglu, Alexander Parkhomenko, Raza Alikhan, David Rosenberg, Roger Yusen, Alok Khorana, Victor Tapson, Charles Pollack, Monica Hazelrigg

The >1000 MARINER Investigators and Coordinators and the > 12,000 patients and their families