THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD

TAS 7415-2008

GOOD AQUACULTURE PRACTICES FOR DISEASE FREE MARINE SHRIMP

HATCHERY

National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

ICS 65.020.99 ISBN 978-974-403-558-5

UNOFFICAL TRANSLATION

THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD

TAS 7415-2008

GOOD AQUACULTURE PRACTICES FOR DISEASE FREE MARINE SHRIMP

HATCHERY

National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

50 Phaholyothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900

Telephone (662) 561 2277 www.acfs.go.th

Published in the Royal Gazette Vol.125 Special Section 139D,

dated 18 August B.E. 2551 (2008)

Ad hoc Sub-Committee on the Elaboration of Standards on Aquatic Animal Health Code for Disease Free Marine Shrimp Farm

1. Director General of the Department of Fisheries Chairperson Mrs. Supranee Chinabut, Representative of Director General 2. Representative of the Department of Livestock Development Mrs. Laddawalaya Ratananakorn Mrs. Kanarat Harintharanon (alternate)

3. Representative of the National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards Ms. Yupa Laojindapun 4. Representative of the Inland Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute, Department of Fisheries Mrs. Suda Tandavanitj 5. Representative of the Coastal Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute, Department of Fisheries Ms. Montira Thavornyutikarn Ms. Jumroensri Puangkaew (alternate) 6. Representative of the Bureau of Disease Control and Veterianry Services, Department of Livestock Development Mrs. Chantanee Buranathai 7. Representative of the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Ms. Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit 8. Representative of the Faculty of Science,

Chulalongkorn University Asst. Prof. Padermsak Jarayabhand 9. Representative of the Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University Mr. Titiwat Leepaisomboon 10. Representative of the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University Asst. Prof. Nantarika Chansue 11. Representative of the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kasetsart University Assoc. Prof. Visanu Boonyawiwat Ms. Parintip Wongthai (alternate) 12. Representative of the Thai Chamber of Commerce

13. Representative of the Thai Food Processors’ Association Mrs. Pranee Srisoomboon 14. Experts Mr. Puth Songsaengjinda Mr. Banjong Nisapawanit Mr. Panisuan Jamnarnwej Mr. Pongsak nitatkanjananon Mrs. A-nootra boonnat Mr. Premsak Wanuchsoontorn 15. Representative of the Office of Commodity and System Standards, Secretary National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity Mr. Pitak Chaisom 16. Representative of the Office of Commodity and System Standards, Assistant Secretary National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity Ms. Mintra Lukkana

(3) Shrimp industry has brought about tens of billions of baht into the country each year, but the shrimp farming industry is still beset with several problems, especially the problem on diseases, such as outbreaks of white spot disease, yellowhead disease, and Taura syndrome (TS). These diseases have caused considerable losses to shrimp farmers, and more importantly importing countries have used them as conditions to set up trade barriers. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives deems it necessary to notify this Thai Agricultural Standard on Good Aquaculture Practices for disease free marine shrimp hatchery as guidelines to prevention of disease and to certification on shrimp hatcheries. The establishment of this standard is based on the information of the following documents: Studies of disease free farm management and marine shrimp hatchery management by the Office of Agricultural and Food Commodity Standards in cooperation with the Department of Fisheries.

Aquatic Animal Health Code, Chapter 1.4.4.: Zoning and Compartmentalisation, of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France, 2007. Remark:

The standard title has been revised from “Thai Agricultural Commodity and Food Standard (TACFS)” to “Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS)” in accordance with the enforcement of The Agricultural Standards Act B.E. 2551 (2008)

NOTIFICATION OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY AND FOOD STANDARDS

SUBJECT: THAI AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY AND FOOD STANDARD: GOOD AQUACULTURE PRACTICES FOR DISEASE FREE

MARINE SHRIMP HATCHERY B.E.2551 (2008)

___________________________________________________________________________

The resolution of the 1/2551 session of the National Committee on Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards dated 11 August B.E.2551 (2008) endorsed the Thai Agricultural Commodity and Food Standard entitled Good aquaculture practices for disease free marine shrimp hatchery. This standard would be of benefits for quality improvement, facilitating trade and protecting consumers.

By virtue of the Cabinet Resolution on Appointment and Authorization of the National committee on Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards dated 5 August B.E.2551 (2008), the Notification on Thai Agricultural Commodity and Food Standard entitled Good aquaculture practices for disease free marine shrimp hatchery is hereby issued as voluntary standard, the details of which are attached herewith.

Notified on 14 August B.E.2551 (2008)

Mr. Somsak Brisananuntakul

Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives Chairperson of the National Committee on Agriculture Commodity and Food Standards

TAS 7415-2008

THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD GOOD AQUACULTURE PRATICES FOR DISEASE FREE MARINE

SHRIMP HATCHERY

1. SCOPE This Thai Agricultural Standard provides good aquaculture practices for disease free marine shrimp hatcheries, covering production principles, selection of locations, personnel, selection of disease-free broodstock shrimp, general management practices, feeding, health care for disease-free marine shrimp, effluent water management, and data recording systems to obtain the desired outputs of disease-free marine shrimp larvae. 2. DEFINITIONS The terms used in this Thai Agricultural Standard shall have the following definitions: 2.1 marine shrimp means shrimp of the genera Penaeus, Metapenaeus and Litopenaeus. 2.2 disease-free marine shrimp means marine shrimp that are free of the diseases stipulated in Appendix A. 2.3 broodstock marine shrimp means marine shrimp of sexually mature that were caught or collected from the wild, imported or raised for breeding purposes. 2.4 marine shrimp larvae means all larval staged and post larval marine shrimp. 2.4.1 larva means larvae marine shrimp that have hatched and will undergo metamorphosis to the nauplius, zoea and mysis stages. 2.4.2 post larva means larval marine shrimp that have grown in the hatchery from the mysis stage to the stage where their bodies are the same as adult shrimp. 2.5 disease-free marine shrimp hatchery means a place used to breed, hatch and raise larval marine shrimp, consisting of a production office, water pumping station, water preparation pond, water storage facility, air blower station, quarantine area, natural food culturing area, spawn tanks, shrimp larvae nursery tanks, loading area, and effluent water treatment system, all of which are managed to be kept free of target diseases. 2.6 natural food means living animals or plants, including animal parts or plant parts, that have not been processed and can be used to feed shrimp. 2.7 pelleted feed means instant pre-mixed aquatic animal feed as defined under the 1982 Animal Feed Quality Control Act and the amended version of 1999.

TAS 7415-2008 2

3. REQUIREMENT AND INSPECTIONS The requirements and inspection for good aquaculture practices for disease-free marine shrimp hatcheries shall be as in Table 1.

Table 1. Criteria and Assessment Methods

Items Requirements Inspections 1. Production principles

- A handbook shall be written for the disease-free marine shrimp hatchery.

- Targeted surveillance shall be implemented to control and monitor against specific diseases in the hatchery following the Department of Fisheries guidelines.

- Surveillance data shall show that the hatchery has remained free of the target disease for at least two years.

- Inspect the handbook

- Record operations at the disease-free marine shrimp hatchery

- Inspect the disease surveillance reports

2. Selection of location

- The owner shall own the legal rights to the hatchery location.

- The location shall have basic utilities.

- The water shall come from a non-polluting source.

- Inspect the deed or ownership rights to the location

- Inspect the utilities

- Inspect the environment; if there is risk of pollution, test the water quality

3. Personnel - All personnel shall be knowledgeable about disease-free marine shrimp hatchery operations.

- There shall be measures to control personnel and outsiders from bringing diseases into the disease-free marine shrimp hatchery.

- Inspect the training records; observe personnel at work and interview them

- Inspect documents that state the measures used to prevent target diseases from entering the hatchery

4. Selection of disease-free broodstock marine shrimp

- The broodstock shrimp shall be disease free and their source shall be traceable. - A quarantine system shall be used to quarantine broodstock shrimp.

- Inspect the results from disease tests, documents showing the source of the broodstock shrimp, and quarantine certificates - Inspect the quarantine facilities and work steps involved with quarantining

5. General management

The cleanliness and hygiene of the hatchery shall be maintained; there shall be steps to keep the shrimp larvae healthy; there shall be steps to control the spread of target diseases.

- Inspect the location, equipments and work steps that affect the disease-free operation of the hatchery - Inspect documents related to the pre-production, production and post-production steps that affect the disease-free operation

TAS 7415-2008 3

Items Requirements Inspections of the hatchery

6. Feed management

- Feed for broodstock marine shrimp or marine shrimp larvae shall be free of the target diseases.

- The hatchery shall use appropriate food management to prevent negative effects on the health of broodstock and marine shrimp larvae and to prevent negative effects on the quality and safety of the shrimp feed.

- Inspect documents certifying that natural food is free from target diseases

- Inspect feeding records, certifications of factors of production (if any), inspect the food storage area, and inspect the place where chemicals and materials are stored

7. Marine shrimp health management

- The hatchery shall check the health of the marine shrimp during rearing and before sale.

- It is prohibited to use antibiotics or chemicals that are prohibited for aquaculture by laws.

- Inspect the hatchery’s daily records, documents on marine shrimp health checks, water quality, and methods used when abnormalities are discovered

- Inspect for possession or use of prohibited antibiotics or chemicals; perform analysis tests in cases of suspicion

8. Effluent water management

Effluent water shall be released or disposed of as required by laws.

Inspect documents related to the release or disposal of effluent water

9. Data record The hatchery shall record data on steps in the production process and keep the data for at least two years.

Inspect the data

4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DISEASE-FREE MARINE SHRIMP HATCHERIES The recommended good practices for disease-free marine shrimp hatcheries are intended as guidelines for marine shrimp hatchery operators. The target diseases are specified in Annex A and details of the good practices are explained in Annex B.

TAS 7415-2008 4

ANNEX A

TARGET DISEASES The target diseases for this Thai Agricultural Standard on Good Aquaculture Practices for Disease Free Marine Shrimp Hatchery are as follows: A.1 white spot disease means a marine shrimp disease caused by white spot syndrome virus or WSSV. The clinical signs are usually white spots or rings under the exoskeleton on the carapace (cephalothorax), abdomen (body) and base of the tail. Sometimes the abdomen is also red. The disease can be fatal. A.2 yellowhead disease means a marine shrimp disease caused by yellowhead virus or YHV. The clinical signs are usually yellow color in the cephalothorax because the gill, hepatopancreas turn pale and yellow. The disease can be fatal. A.3 Taura syndrome (TS) means a marine shrimp disease caused by Taura syndrome virus or TSV. The clinical signs are usually dark red markings of ambiguous shape on the exoskeleton on the tail and appendages, and acute. If the shrimp do not die quickly, advanced stages are black markings of ambiguous shape on the shell.

จัดรูปแบบ: แบบอักษร: 8 พ.,แบบอักษรภาษาไทยและภาษาอื่นๆ: 8 พ.

TAS 7415-2008 5

ANNEX B

GOOD AQUACULTURE PRACTICES GUIDELINES FOR DISEASE-FREE MARINE SHRIMP HATCHERIES

The following good aquaculture practices guidelines for disease-free marine shrimp hatcheries are intended to promote the marine shrimp industry and make it free from the target diseases so that aquaculturalists whose hatcheries are registered with the responsible agency can follow good practices to run disease-free marine shrimp hatcheries and can obtain certification. The recommended practices are as follows: B.1 PRODUCTION PRINCIPLES Production principles are stipulated as the basis for overall production because in order to prevent diseases it is essential that aquaculturalists follow a standardized shrimp raising system. They need to have a basic understanding of the production principles so that they can put into practices on good aquaculture for disease-free marine shrimp hatcheries. B.1.1 The hatchery shall provide a handbook showing every step in the process for raising disease-free marine shrimp B.1.2 The hatchery shall have documents showing the steps for disease control operations and a system for targeted surveillance following the Department of Fisheries’ guidelines. The surveillance system monitors specifically for the target diseases or infections. B.1.3 Records shall be kept from the targeted surveillance system to prove that the hatchery has been free from the target diseases for at least two years. B.2 SELECTION OF LOCATION B.2.1 The hatchery owner(s) shall be able to show evidences that he/they have a legal right to the location and are using it properly according to the laws. The hatchery shall be located in area that is permitted by laws, where the local government has given permission to use the area for a marine shrimp hatchery business, and it shall not be in a protected mangrove forest area. B.2.2 The hatchery shall have sufficient infrastructure and utilities such as electricity, tap water, and transportation convenient for movement of broodstock marine shrimp, marine shrimp larvae and feed. B.2.3 The water shall come from a source that is not at risk of pollution and the water quality shall be suitable for raising shrimp. It cannot contain effluent water from an enterprise that causes contamination of any substance that could harm the health of aquatic animals. If it is necessary to use water of this nature, the hatchery shall obtain evidence to clearly prove that the effluent water has been properly treated and can be used for raising shrimp.

จัดรูปแบบ: แบบอักษร: 8 พ.,แบบอักษรภาษาไทยและภาษาอื่นๆ: 8 พ.

TAS 7415-2008 6

B.3 PERSONNEL B.3.1 All personnel shall be knowledgeable about disease-free marine shrimp hatchery operations, including cleaning methods, equipment and area sterilization methods, effluent water management and disposal, standard operation on basic health checks on marine shrimp, and testing of water quality. B.3.2 All personnel shall have good personal hygiene and shall not have communicable diseases or infected sores that could cause infections at the hatchery. B.3.3 The hatchery shall have measures to control personnel and outsiders from bringing diseases into the hatchery, such as not allowing anyone who has been in contact with another hatchery to enter the hatchery for at least one day after visiting the outside hatchery, and not allowing any personnel or outsider who has been in an area where a marine shrimp disease is known to be present or in an aquatic animal disease lab to enter the hatchery for at least three days after the contact. B.4 SELECTION OF DISEASE-FREE BROODSTOCK MARINE SHRIMP B.4.1 The hatchery shall have good knowledge of the source of broodstock marine shrimp and shall choose healthy ones. B.4.1.1 In the case of imported broodstock marine shrimp the hatchery shall have the following documents: (1) Import permit telling the details, date of certification, and data on the imported animals. (2) Aquatic animal health certificate attesting that the animals were tested for the target diseases by a laboratory that is approved by a government agency and the tests showed negative for the diseases. (3) Quarantine certificate showing the quarantine details and length of time in quarantine. B.4.1.1 In the case of broodstock shrimp that were caught or collected in the wild or from a local breeder, the hatchery shall have the following documents: (1) A document stating the source, such as bill of sale, shipping invoice or sales receipt. (2) Aquatic animal health certificate attesting that the animals were tested for the target diseases by a laboratory that is approved by a government agency and the tests showed negative for the diseases. B.4.2 The hatchery shall have an efficient quarantine system. For example, sterilizing the broodstock marine shrimp before introducing them to the quarantine area by immersing them in an iodine solution (50-100 mg/l) for ten minutes, then putting the broodstock marine shrimp in a quarantine tank filled with 8-10 liters of water with 30-50ml of iodine solution added. B.5 GENERAL MANAGEMENT B.5.1 The hatchery shall have a map and diagrams showing the location of the hatchery, the floor plan and the location of the equipments for safety caution and ease of inspection.

TAS 7415-2008 7

B.5.2 The tanks for keeping broodstock marine shrimp, the nursery tanks, and the quarantine tanks shall be in enclosed buildings with only one entrance/exit for better control and prevention of infection. B.5.3 The hatchery buildings and facilities shall be laid out in an organized manner and shall be kept clean and orderly at all times. B.5.4 The water used at the hatchery shall be clean and free of the target diseases. B.5.5 Suitable stocking density shall be maintained in raising broodstock marine shrimp, such as six to eight shrimp per square meter for white shrimp and no more than five shrimp per square meter for black tiger shrimp. B.5.6 Suitable stocking density shall be maintained in the marine shrimp larvae nurseries, such as 150-200 shrimp larvae per square meter for white shrimp and 75-100 shrimp larvae per square meter for black tiger shrimp. If the population density is too high, the shrimp larvae will be weak and more susceptible to disease. B.5.7 The personnels and equipments for each building shall be separated and proper sterilization techniques shall be employed to prevent infection. The shrimp raising ponds or tanks shall be cleaned and left empty for at least seven days after each batch of shrimp is removed to reduce the risk of disease. Germs can accumulate in tanks that are used successively with no rest period. B.5.8 Effective sanitation management shall be used to prevent infection and spread of diseases. For example, there shall be disinfection points at the entrances to the hatchery buildings and a system to sterilize the effluent water before it is released. B.5.9 The bathrooms shall be separated from the marine shrimp raising areas. B.5.10 Rubbish and effluent water shall be disposed of in a hygienic manner. B.5.11 Pets or other animals that could be carriers of the target diseases shall not be allowed on the premises of the hatchery. B.2.12 The capture, adjustment and transport of marine shrimp larvae shall be planned and carried out appropriately so that the marine shrimp larvae are healthy and a movement document shall be filled out for each shipment. B.6 FEED MANAGEMENT B.6.1 Feed for broodstock marine shrimp may be composed of natural foods (such as sand worm, squid, and shellfish) and pelleted feed. The amount of feed shall be sufficient but not in excess, which will dirty the tank. B.6.2 The natural feed used for feeding broodstock marine shrimp shall be of high quality and free from disease. Samples of the feed shall be taken to test for disease and the feed shall be certified as disease-free, especially natural foods that could carry the target diseases, such as sand worm.

TAS 7415-2008 8

B.6.3 Two types of feeds can be used for rearing marine shrimp larvae:

1) Natural feed shall be prepared with disease-free water and tested for the target diseases, especially for natural feed that could carry the target diseases, such as Artemia.

2) Pelleted feed shall be of good quality and appropriate size for the larvae at each stage. The product shall have an animal feed registration number. B.6.4 The hatchery shall have a suitable plan for feeding the shrimp larvae at each stage. The amount of feed shall be sufficient but not in excess. The type and amount of feed shall be adjusted as necessary for each stage of the larvae’s growth. B.6.5 Any additional production factors used to promote shrimp larvae health shall be registered with the responsible agency and shall be used according to directions. B.6.6 Chemicals or substances that are prohibited for use in aquaculture under the 1982 Animal Feed Quality Control Act and the amended version of 1999 shall not be used. B.6.7 The area where the animal feed is stored shall be separated, dry, clean and kept at an appropriate temperature so that the feed will not deteriorate. Measures shall be taken to prevent potential disease carriers such as birds, rats or other animals from getting into the feed storage areas. B.6.8 Marine shrimp feed that is contained in bags or sacks shall be placed on top of a rack with proper ventilation to prevent excess moisture build up. B.7 MARINE SHRIMP HEALTH MANAGEMENT B.7.1 The environment and water quality shall be maintained in such a way that is suitable for marine shrimp. The hatchery shall have a regular schedule for periodically checking the health of shrimp and the water quality by random samples. If any problems are found, the hatchery owner shall analyze and diagnose the problem, for instances, observing behaviors of swimming or eating of shrimp. B.7.2 Before sale, the marine shrimp larvae produced shall be tested for the target diseases using the methods stipulated in the Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals and a certificate shall be provided by a laboratory that is approved by a government agency certifying that the animals are free of the target diseases B.7.3 The hatchery shall be prepared and shall have measures to effectively control, prevent and eradicate the target diseases in the case of an outbreak. The disease prevention steps in the hatchery, and from the hatchery to the outside, shall be written down. For example, the steps shall include measures to close the hatchery, to temporarily shut down production, to sterilize the hatchery, and to clean the tanks and equipments. In the case of infection, equipments and personnel cannot be moved from the hatchery to another location. B.7.4 If an outbreak of a target disease occurs, the hatchery shall notify the responsible agency immediately and inform nearby farmers. B.7.5 Dead or diseased broodstock marine shrimp or marine shrimp larvae shall be disposed of properly, such as being thoroughly boiled, buried, or incinerated.

TAS 7415-2008 9

B.7.6 Hatcheries are prohibited from using any antibiotics or chemicals that are prohibited by laws for use in aquaculture. B.8 EFFLUENT WATER MANAGEMENT B.8.1 The hatchery shall take samples of its effluent water and test it to see if it meets the required standards set by the Ministerial Regulation of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on Standards to Control Effluent Water Disposal from Coastal Aquaculture Farms before the water is released or drained off. B.8.2 The hatchery shall request permission from the Harbor Authority according to the Harbor Authority Notification Number 67/2534 on Permission to Release All Types of Effluent Water into Waterways. B.9 DATA RECORD B.9.1 The hatchery shall record important data from every step of the production processes, such as the source of broodstock marine shrimp, the source of feed, the method of feeding, and the use of permitted antibiotics or chemicals, water quality, results of random health tests and any problems that occur. B.9.2 The data shall be kept for at least two years.

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ANNEX C

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

The units and symbols used in this standard and the accepted units under the International System of Units or Systeme International d’Unites (SI) are as follows:

Item Units Symbols weight gram g

area square meter m2

milliliter ml volume liter l

concentration milligrams per liter mg/l