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Marine oil spill

Prepared by:

Nurul Ikhsan binti AbdulMahir

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Marine oil spill

oil spill is a release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment due tohuman activity, and is a form of pollution .

marine oil spills:oil is released into theocean or coastal waters Oil spills include releases of crude oil from

tankers , offshore platforms , drilling rigs and wells , as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such asgasoline , diesel ) and their by-products,and heavier fuels used by large ships suchas bunker fuel , or the spill of any oily

refuse or waste oil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_(ocean)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_watershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tankerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_righttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_wellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refined_petroleum_products&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunker_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunker_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refined_petroleum_products&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_wellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_righttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tankerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_watershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_(ocean)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid

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Biological resources

Habitats of plants and animals thatmay be at risk from oil spills arereferred to as elements and aredivided by functional group. Furtherclassification divides each elementinto species groups with similar life

histories and behaviors relative totheir vulnerability to oil spills.

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Human-use resources

Human use resources are dividedinto four major classifications;archaeological importance orcultural resource site, high-userecreational areas or shorelineaccess points, important protected

management areas, or resourceorigins.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeologicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological

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Environmental effects

Marine animals

oil penetrates up the structure of theplumage of birds reducing its insulatingability, and so making the birds morevulnerable to temperature fluctuationsand much less buoyant in the water.

Marine mammals exposed to oil spills are

affected in similar ways as seabirds. Oilcoats the fur of Sea otters and seals ,

reducing its insulation abilities andleadin to bod tem erature fluctuations

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_mammalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ottershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnipedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnipedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ottershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_mammalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumage

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Environmental SensitivityIndex (ESI) mapping

Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI)maps are used to identify sensitiveshoreline resources prior to an oilspill event in order to set prioritiesfor protection and plan cleanupstrategies.

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Oil floats on top of water, lesssunlight penetrates into the water,limiting the photosynthesis of marine plants and phytoplankton

This, as well as decreasing the fauna

populations, affects the food chainin the ecosystem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplanktonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplanktonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

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By planning spill response ahead of time, the impact on theenvironment can be minimized orprevented. Environmentalsensitivity index maps are basicallymade up of information within the

following three categories:shoreline type, and biological andhuman-use resources

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Shoreline type

Shoreline type is classified by rankdepending on how easy the garet wouldbe to cleanup, how long the oil would

persist, and how sensitive the shorelineis. The floating oil slicks put theshoreline at particular risk when theyeventually come ashore, covering the

substrate with oil. The differingsubstrates between shoreline typesvary in their response to oiling, andinfluence the type of cleanup that will

be required to effectivelydecontaminate the shoreline

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorelinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate_%28marine_biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate_%28marine_biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreline

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Conclusion

Humans need to responsiblefor any activities that can

cause marine oil spill. It can helps us to keep our

environment clean for thefuture life.

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Volunteers cleaning up the

aftermath of the Prestige oil spill

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestige_oil_spillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PrestigeVolunteersInGaliciaCoast.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PrestigeVolunteersInGaliciaCoast.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestige_oil_spill