Marine Biology
description
Transcript of Marine Biology
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Marine Biology
Where have we been, and where are we going?
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Introduction 2
What is Marine Biology? Marine biology is the scientific study of
organisms in the marine environment
Oceanography? Marine biology is a combination of
functional biology and ecology
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Introduction 3
Why should we study the marine habitat?
Provides many different resources
Widely used for recreation and essential in many coastal economies
Problems created by the marine environment and marine animals
Future generations
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Introduction 4
The History of Marine Biology
Food source Middens Fish hooks
Knowledge of the marine environment increased with advancements in seamanship and navigation
Pacific Islanders VikingsPhoenicians ArabsGreeksEuropeans
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Introduction 5
James Cook One of the first captains to
make scientific observations Chronometer Full-time naturalist Explored all oceans in 3
voyages Through his example in the
19th century most ships carried naturalists
James Cook
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Introduction 6
James Cook Voyages
Francesco Bartolozzi and William Byrne The death of Captain Cook
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Introduction 7
Charles Darwin In 1831 the H.M.S.
Beagle sailed around the world for 5 years carrying Charles Darwin
What are Darwin’s notable contributions to science and marine biology?
Charles Darwin
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Introduction 8
Atoll Reefs and Barnacles
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Introduction 9
Edward Forbes Naturalist on the Beacon and sampled
the bottom using a dredge Discovered that animal density decreased
with depth and that species diversity changes with depth
Azoic
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Introduction 10
The Challenger Expedition In 1872 the British
government funded the first major oceanographic expedition.
A light warship, the HMS Challenger was used It took 19 years and 50
volumes to publish all the results
4,700 new species were discovered
New standards were set in studying the ocean. Challenger
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Introduction 11
HMS Challenger Voyage
Fig. 1.5
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Introduction 12
Marine Laboratories Marine labs were created at the
shore to tackle long term studies of the marine habitat
The first major American lab was the Woods Hole lab in Massachusetts
http://www.whoi.edu/home/ Another important lab was created in
Pacific Grove, California. The Scripps Institute
http://www-sio.ucsd.edu/
These and many other marine labs are crucial in the growth of marine biology today Woods Hole Institute
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Introduction 13
Marine Biology Today The description of animals and
the general picture of marine biology is now well understood
Marine biologist are concerned with why patterns exist and how animals live
With advances in technologies new areas are now available to explore
Submersibles (Alvin) and ROV’s are used to explore the deep sea and hydrothermal ventsAlvin
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Introduction 14
NAML National Association of Marine Lab
oratories