Marijuana Mayhem webinar - 2017 - Public Health Law · Ventilation is NOT a solution to secondhand...

December13,2017

MARIJUANA MAYHEM:

REGULATORY LESSONS FROM TOBACCO CONTROL

THE PUBLIC HEALTH LAW CENTER

12/13/17Marijuana Mayhem 2

THE PUBLIC HEALTH LAW CENTER


LEGAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE


LegalResearch

PolicyDevelopment,Implementation,Defense

Publications

Trainings

DirectRepresentation

Lobby

MODERATOR / SPEAKER


Kerry Cork

Senior Staff AttorneyPublic Health Law Center

FEATURED SPEAKER


Michael Tynan

Policy AnalystCenters for Disease Control & Prevention

FEATURED SPEAKER


Char Day

Program ManagerAmericans for Nonsmokers’ Rights

FEATURED SPEAKER


D.J. Wilson

Tobacco Control DirectorMassachusetts Municipal Association

AGENDA


• Overview- KerryCork• PublicHealthIssues- MichaelTynan• Smoke-freeLawConsiderations- CharDay• TakeawaysfromMassachusetts- D.J.Wilson• Q&A


MARIJUANA MAYHEM:Where We are Today


That Train has Left the Station

12/13/17 14

FEDERAL STATUS

Under Federal Controlled Substances Act• Classified as a Schedule 1 drug• Federal offense to –

– Cultivate, manufacture, distribute

– Sell, purchase, possess, or use marijuana


IMPLICATIONS OF FEDERAL STATUS

• Lack of commercial banking services– Many marijuana businesses operate solely in cash– Public safety concern from law enforcement

perspective• Disadvantageous federal income tax terms• Limited access to legal services• Possible loss of employment for off-site users• Role of marijuana use in family law proceedings


INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE

Recognizestherapeutic valueof cannabinoid drugs (primarily THC)

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CONCLUSIVE OR SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE

Cannabis effective for –• Chronic pain in adults• Chemotherapy-induced nausea & vomiting• Multiple sclerosis spasticity symptoms

Nat’l Academies of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine (2017)

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MODERATE EVIDENCE

Cannabis effective for –Improving short-term sleep outcomes inthose with obstructive sleep apneasyndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic pain andmultiple sclerosis

Nat’l Academies of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine (2017)

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INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE

“Smoked marijuanais a crude THC delivery systemthat also deliversharmfulsubstances”

12/13/17 20

AGENDA


• Overview- KerryCork• PublicHealthIssues- MichaelTynan• Smoke-freeLawConsiderations- CharDay• TakeawaysfromMassachusetts- D.J.Wilson• Q&A

MarijuanaSmoking&TobaccoControl;ImpactonSmokefreeLaws

CharDay

ProgramManagerTCLCWebinarDecember2017

@ANR_Smokefree www.no-smoke.org

12/13/17 www.no-smoke.org

AmericanNonsmokers’RightsFoundation

www.no-smoke.org

FocusonHealthEffectsonNonsmokers

www.no-smoke.org

www.no-smoke.org

Whatwearenot talkingabout:

Marijuanaasmedicine Personal,privateuse

SecondhandMarijuanaSmoke• Containshundredsofchemicals• Containsmanyofthesamecancer-causingsubstances andtoxicchemicalsassecondhandtobaccosmoke,including:

www.no-smoke.org

Significantlevelsofmercury,lead,formaldehyde,benzene,hydrogencyanide,&toluene.

Similaritiesbetweentobaccoandmarijuana

• Leafcontainshighconcentrationsofoilsandwaxes– “stickyicky”

• NicotineandTHCbothsurvivecombustion• Combustioncreatescarcinogens

– Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons– Formaldehyde– Nitrogenoxides– Heavymetals– Ultrafineparticles

Suzaynn F.Schick,PhDUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco

www.no-smoke.org

www.no-smoke.org

SecondhandMarijuanaSmoke

• Containshazardousfineparticlesthatposeasignificanthealthrisktonon-smokers.

• Fineparticlescan:• Bebreatheddeeplyintothelungs

• Causelungirritation,asthmaattacks,&increaseriskofrespiratoryinfection.

• Exacerbaterespiratoryconditionslikeasthma,bronchitis,orCOPD.

HealthEffectsofSecondhandExposure• Secondhandmarijuanasmokeexposureimpairsbloodvesselfunction. Ithasagreaterandlonger-lastingeffectonbloodvesselfunctionthanexposuretosecondhandtobaccosmoke.

• PeoplewhoareexposedtosecondhandmarijuanasmokecanhavedetectablelevelsofTHCintheirbloodandurine.

www.no-smoke.org

www.no-smoke.org

OvercomingPerceivedBarriers

Themarijuanacontrolmovementisinasimilarplacethatnonsmokers’rightsadvocateswereinthe1970’s.

Seeminglyuphillbattleagainstatsunamioflawslegalizingrecreationalmarijuana.

TobaccoIndustryInterferenceTactics• PolicyDiversion

• Weakpolicylanguageintendedtogivetheappearanceof“doingsomething“toaddresstheproblem

• Divertingthepolicydebateawayfromhealth

• “ThirdPartyEndorsers”• Restaurant,Beverage,RetailAssociations• State&localfrontgroups

• Propagandamachine• Economicscareinfo—sales,jobs,tourism• Healthscaretactics:“QuitorDie”argument• Attacksonsciencethrough3rd partyalliesorscientists• Individualrights/anti-bureaucracy/anti-governmentarguments

• Othertactics• Litigation• Electoralactivity– councilraces,referenda,initiative• Preemption www.no-smoke.org

NewIndustry,SimilarScript

www.no-smoke.org

O

www.no-smoke.org

NormalizingMarijuanaUse

Marijuanacocktailsandotheralcoholbeverages…“Toensureeven non-smokers canenjoythedrink,Lagunitas workedwithvapecartridgecompany,CannaCraft,toseparatethefragmentcompoundscalledterpenes,fromtheTHCwhichgetsyouhigh…theweedgivesasubtle,distinctiveflavor.”

www.no-smoke.org

DisguisingMarijuanatolooklikeVapepens/e-cigarettes

www.no-smoke.org

ElectronicSmokingDevices

www.no-smoke.org

§ THCoilsanddryherbsarebeinginhaledviaelectronicsmokingdevices(andexhaledintotheenvironment).

§ “E-cigarettesformarijuanaarealreadywidelyavailable,butthemCig isdifferent.It'ssomethingofahybridbetweenane-cigandajoint,inthatyoucanput"dryherb"initandheatittotheedgeofcombustion.”

HazeDualforleafandoilsorwaxes

E-joint

www.no-smoke.orgRecreationalMarijuanaLegalized

VentilationisNOTasolutiontosecondhandsmokeorsecondhandaerosol

“Ataminimum,establishandmaintainsmoke-freeworkplacesthatprotectthoseinworkplacesfromsecondhandexposurestotobaccosmokeandairborneemissionsfrome-cigarettesandotherelectronicnicotinedeliverysystems.Smoke-freezonesshouldencompass(1)allindoorareaswithoutexceptions(i.e.,noindoorsmokingareasofanykind,evenifseparatelyenclosedand/orventilated),(2)allareasimmediatelyoutsidebuildingentrancesandairintakes,and(3)allworkvehicles.Additionally,ashtraysshouldberemovedfromtheseareas.”

www.no-smoke.org

• Legalizationandcommercializationofmarijuanaisposingproblemsforpublichealthingeneral.

• Smokeissmoke.Marijuanasmokeisaformofindoorairpollution.

• Peopleshouldnothavetobreathesecondhandmarijuanasmokeatwork,inpublic,orathome.

• Marijuanasmokingshouldbeprohibitedinallsmokefreeenvironments.

MarijuanaSmokinginPolicies&Laws

RegulatingMarijuanalikeTobacco

www.no-smoke.org

CaliforniaSenateBill(SB162)bySenatorBenAllen,D-SantaMonica:

• Prohibitsbillboardsalonghighways• Prohibitsfalseormisleadingadvertising• Prohibitsadvertising cannabisonbrandedmerchandise,including

clothingandhats• Prohibitsmarketing thatsuggestsaproductwascultivatedina

certainappellationwhenitwasn’t• Prohibitspublishingadsthatare“attractivetochildren”orthat

encouragepeopleunderage21toconsumecannabis,advertisingonsignswithin1,000feetofadaycare,K-12school,aplaygroundoryouthcenter

Wewouldalsosuggestuseexcisetaxesforpreventionandcessationcampaigns,retailerlicensingandadditionalzoningrules,andprohibitmarijuanauseinsmokefree environments.

www.no-smoke.org

RecreationalMarijuanaLegalized

[email protected]/marijuana

www.no-smoke.org

OppositionArguments• Marijuanaisnatural andthereforecannotbeharmful

• Marijuanasmokeisdifferent fromtobaccosmoke

• Marijuanasmokeisnotasbad /dirtyastobaccosmoke

• Thereisno/ notenoughscience todocumenthazardsofsecondhandmarijuanasmokeexposure

• Thereisnosecondhand high frommarijuanasmoke

• Noonehasdied frommarijuanasecondhandsmoke

• Justputinaventilation systemthenitsallgood

www.no-smoke.org

Conclusions• Consideracampaignfocusedonnonsmokers’rightsvs.anindustryfocusedonprofitsoverhealth.

• Includemarijuanaindefinitionsof“smoking”insmokefreelaws.

• Bepreparedformarijuanaindustrytactics:• Pushtoexpandlegality&normalizemarijuanause• Denyhealthconcerns• Weakensmokefreelaws→allowmarijuanasmoking

• Sticktohealthmessagesaboutsecondhandsmoke,evenwhenreferringtouseofmedicalmarijuana.

§ Marijuana,legalornot,createssecondhandsmoke.§ Thereisscienceabouttheparticulatemattercreatedbysecondhand

marijuanasmoke,andmoreiscoming.§ Thereisscienceaboutthehealtheffectsofsecondhandmarijuana

smoke,andmoreiscoming.§ Ifwetrulywanttohavesafe,healthy,smokefreespaces,thenthey

shouldbedevoidofparticulatemattercreatedbytobaccocigarettesmoke,marijuanasmoke,andsecondhandaerosolfromelectronicsmokingdevices.

§ Researchdemonstratesthatventilationsystemscannotremoveallofthehazardousgases,toxins,andparticulatemattercreatedbysecondhandsmokeandaerosol;therefore,ventilationisnotasolution.Smokefree environmentsprotectworkersandpatronsfromexposuretosecondhandsmokeandaerosol.

ConclusionsandRecommendations

www.no-smoke.org

CharDayProgramManager

[email protected]

www.no-smoke.org

MedicalandAdult-UseofCannabisinMassachusetts

December13,2017

D.J.Wilson,TobaccoControlDirector

DavidLakeman,LegislativeAnalyst

MassachusettsMunicipalAssociation

ChrisWalsh,EditorialDirectorofMarijuanaBusinessDailysaidatCSP’sTotalNicotineConference:

• “Thisisaprofessionalindustrynow...”• 2016election:“Thiswillmovequickly.”“...Morethan50%ofAmericanssupportrecreationalmarijuana.”

• “Atsomepoint,legislatureswillhavetoaddressthat.”• Industrywillgenerate$14billionto$17billionin2016,accordingtoWalsh.

• “Babyboomersarehugeforthisindustry.”Wideconsumerbase.

• “Absolutely,BigTobaccoislookingatthis.”• “Theyknowhowtocultivatecrops,theyknowhowtomarketadultproducts,theyknowhowtodistribute.”

DPH’sMedical MarijuanaProgram

• Ballotinitiative2012– 63%to37%- only2outof351municipalitiesvotedno.

• ProgramhousedandregulatedatDepartmentofPublicHealth.• Ediblesnotconsidered“food”forpurposesofFoodCode.

• Localsdonotneedtoenforce,unlesstheywantto.• Localpermittingandregulationallowed.

• Nopreemption• Non-refundablestateapplicationfeeof$30,000.• Annualstateregistrationfeeof$50,000– supportsfundingDPHprogram.

RecreationalMarijuanaQuestion:

ResultsofNovember2016ballotquestion“toregulatecannabislikealcohol”260–yes/91-no

“AnActtoEnsureSafeAccesstoMedical andAdult-UseofMarijuanaintheCommonwealth”effective:12.12.2016- amended7.28.2017

• HousedattheOfficeoftheTreasury(whereABCCislocated).• CannabisControlCommission(CCC)of5memberswithfollowingbackgrounds:

• StevenJ.Hoffman,Chair:retiredBainandCompanyexecutive• KayDoyle,J.D.,formerDPHattorneyforMedicalMarijuanaProgram• JenniferFlanagan,formerlegislator• ShaleenTitle,co-founderofTHCStaffing,cannabisadvocate• BritteMcBride,formerassistantattorneygeneral

• CommissionappointsExecutiveDirector,SeanCollins,J.D.• Chieffinancialandaccountofficerandotheremployees.

ResponsibilitiesofCCC

• Promulgateregulationspriortolicensing.• Superviseindustry.• Implementstatelicensingsystem.• Issuelicensestooperate.• Investigateandenforceviolations.

CannabisAdvisoryBoard(25)

• ExecutiveDirector• CommissionerofPublicHealth• DepartmentofHousingandEconomicDevelopment

• CommissionerofRevenue• CommissionerofAgriculturalResources

• Statepolicerepresentative• MassachusettsMunicipalAssociation

• MassachusettsPatientAdvocacyAlliance

• QualifyingMedicalMarijuanaPatient

• ACLUofMassachusetts

• Marijuanacultivationexpert• Marijuanaretailingexpert• Marijuanamanufacturingexpert• Expertinlaboratorysciencesandtoxicology

• Legalexpertinrepresentingmarijuanabusinesses

• Expertinminoritybusinessdevelopment

• Expertineconomicdevelopmentstrategiesforunder-resourcedcommunities.

• Expertinfarming• Expertinmunicipallawenforcement

• Experienceinimpairmentdetectionandevaluation

CannabisAdvisoryBoard(continued)• Expertinsocialjustice

• Expertincriminaljusticereform• Tomitigatedisproportionateimpactofdrugprosecutionsoncommunitiesofcolor

• Expertinminority-ownedbusinesses

• Expertinwomen-ownedbusinesses

• Expertinpreventionandtreatmentofsubstanceusedisorders

FundingMechanism

• 20%taxonproduct.• 10.75excisetaxonretailmarijuanasales.

• 6.25%salestax.• 3%localtaxifdesiredbymunicipality.

LocalControl

1. LocalitymaynotprohibitanRMDlicensedbyJuly1,2017,frombecomingarecreationalmarijuanastore.HeadstartforRMD’s?

2. Maynotlimittolessthan20%ofthenumberofretailoff-premisesalcoholicbeveragelicenses(packagestores)issuedunderG.L.c.138(orprohibit)thenumberofmarijuanastores,except:1. Ifthecity/townvotedFOR legalization,votersatannualorspecialelectioncanvotethebylaw

orordinanceupordown.2. IfcityortownvotedAGAINSTlegalizationBoardofSelectmenorCityCouncilcanprohibit

marijuanaestablishments.

3. Mayrequire“communityimpactfee’”1. Mustberelatedtocostsimposedoncommunity;notmorethan3%ofgrosssalesof

establishmentorbeeffectiveformorethan5years.

4. Can’trequiresignagemorerestrictivethanalcoholsignage.

LocalControl(continued)

5. Canpassreasonablezoningordinancesandby-laws.5. Temporarymoratoriaenactedindozensofcity/towns.

6. Cannotbe“unreasonablyimpracticable.”5. “subjectlicenseestounreasonableriskorrequiresuchahighinvestmentofrisk,

money,timeoranyotherresourceorassetthatareasonablyprudentbusinesspersonwouldnotoperateamarijuanaestablishment.”5. Whatdoesthismean?

7. Canenforcethefoodcode.5. Butwhataboutmedicalmarijuana?6. CurrentDPHregulationssaymedicalmarijuanaediblesarenotfood.

CCCwilldevelopregulationstoaddress:

• Licensingrequirements• Whogetsalicense– “expeditedreview”forRMD’s?

• Minimumsecurityrequirements• Healthandsafetystandards(inconsultationwithDPH)• Requirementsforpackaging,includingcertifiedchild-resistantandresealable

• Requirethedivisionofeachservingssothatapersoncanidentifyasingleserving

• Banuseofbrightcolors,cartooncharacters• Assurepackagingisopaqueorplainindesign

LabelingRequirements

• SymbolorrecognizablemarkissuedbytheCCC• Warningthatproductisharmfultochildren• Nameandcontactinformationofcultivatorormanufacturer• Labthattestedtheproduct• Certificationthatproductmeetstestingstandards• Uniquebatchnumber• Listofingredients• PercentageofTHCineachserving• Disclaimer–productnotFDAapproved

IllegalonFederalLevel

• U.S.AttorneyGeneralforcontinuedControlledSubstancecategorization

• Cashbusiness– bankswon’ttouchit.• Previousadministration’sstandardoperatingproceduresvs.currentadministration.

• Proceedatyourownrisk.

AdvertisingRequirements• Notrestrictedlikewearewithtobaccobecauseproductisstillillegalfederally.

• Nodeceptive,falseormisleadingads.

• NoadsonTV,radio,internet,billboardorsponsorshipofcharityevents

• UNLESS85%ofaudienceis“reasonablyexpected”tobemorethan21.

• Up-to-dateaudiencecompositiondata.

• Can’tportrayanyonelessthan21.

• Nomascots,cartoons,brandsponsorshipsandcelebrityendorsementsDEEMEDTOAPPEALTOAPPEALTOAPERSONLESSTHAN21.

• Nogiveaways,couponsorfreeordonatedmarijuana.

• Reasonablelocalregulationontiminganduseofilluminatedexternalsignageandneonsigns.

MarijuanaRegulationFund

• Toimplement,administerandenforcethelaw

• Publicandbehavioralhealth• Evidence-basedandevidence-informedsubstanceuseprevention,treatmentandearlyinterventionservices

• Schooldistrictsandcommunitycoalitions

• Publicsafety• Municipalpolicetraining• Preventionandtrustfund• Programingforrestorativejustice

• Jaildiversion• Workforcedevelopment• Technicalassistanceforindustry• Mentoringserviceforeconomically-disadvantagedpersonsincommunitiesdisproportionatelyimpactedbyhigharrestratesandincarcerationformarijuanaoffenses

ResearchAgendaofCCC• StudysocialandeconomictrendsofmarijuanainMassachusetts.

• Howtocloseillicitmarketplace.• Publichealthimpactsofmarijuana.

• Patternsofuse.• Methodsofconsumption.• Sourcesofpurchase.• Marijuanauseamongminors,etc.

• Conductbaselinestudy.• Incidentsofimpaireddriving.• Ownershipandemploymenttrendsinmarijuanaindustry.

Timetable• Dec.15,2016:Personaluselegal– upto12plantsinhome– upto2ouncesonperson.

• Aug.1,2017:GovernormustmakeinitialappointmentstoCAB

• Sept.1,2017:StateTreasurermustmakeinitialappointmentstoCCC.

• Mar.15,2018:CCCmustpromulgateregulations.

• Apr.1,2018:CCCmustbeginacceptinglicensingapplicationsfromallretailers,manufacturersandcultivators.Conundrum#6:

• RMD’sandprovisionalRMD’sgetan“expedited”reviewprocess.• Howdowetellthedifferencebetweennontaxableandtaxablemarijuana?

• Profitornotforprofit?

• FirstdraftofproposedCCCregulationsdue12.29.17.

• Dec.31,2018–MedicalprogrammovestoCCC–butwhataboutnow?

TobaccoInteraction#1• Usedtobecalled“drugparaphernalia.”

• Onlypermittedifretailerhadatobaccosalespermit.

• Nowcalled“marijuanaaccessories.”• “equipment,products,devicesormaterialsofanykindthatareintendedordesignedforusein...ingesting,inhalingorotherwiseintroducingmarijuanaintothehumanbody.”

• Headshopsareperfectlylegal.• Noneedfortobaccosalespermit.

TobaccoInteraction#2• Tobaccosalessampleregulationwouldbeperfectforthistopicbutlegalityofuseunclear

• TobaccoRetailersareaskingforthe“MarijuanaSalesPermit“• RetailerconfusionaroundSyntheticMarijuanaandHemp• TobaccoControlpersonnelnotfundedtoworkonmarijuana

TobaccoInteraction#3• OurcurrentStatewideSmoke-FreeWorkplaceLawusesthisdefinition:

"Smoking''or"smoke",thelightingofacigar,cigarette,pipeorothertobaccoproductorpossessingalightedcigar,cigarette,pipeorothertobaccoornon-tobaccoproductdesignedtobecombustedandinhaled.

OmnibusTobaccoBill(HB2864)

• Increaseminimumlegalsalesageto21• 66.1%ofresidentscoveredbylocalregulationthatdoesthis(156)

• Adde-cigarettestosmokefreeworkplacelaw• 56%ofresidentscoveredbylocalregulationthatdoesthis(130)

• Prohibitsaleoftobaccoinpharmacies• 67.2%ofresidentscoveredbylocalregulationthatdoesthis(152)

• Also,banRYOmachines,vendingmachines,bluntwraps• HearingbeforeJointPublicHealthCommitteeMay2017• Stillincommittee- Legislativedrops3timesaweek.

QUESTIONS?

4/12/2017

CONTACT US

12/13/17 76

651.290.7506

[email protected]

www.publichealthlawcenter.org

@phealthlawctr

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Marijuana Mayhem webinar - 2017 - Public Health Law · Ventilation is NOT a solution to secondhand...

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